SECTION B: STRUCTURAL QUESTIONS - SOLUTION
1. (i)
(a) A logic gate is an electronic component that performs a Boolean function, controlling the flow of electrical
signals.
Two types: AND gate, OR gate.
(b) Symbols:
- AND gate: D shape with two inputs
- OR gate: Curved shape with pointed output and two inputs
(c) Circuit expression for A.B + A.NOT B:
Use two AND gates and one OR gate.
- One AND gate: inputs A and B
- Second AND gate: input A and NOT B (use NOT gate before B)
- OR gate: Takes outputs of both AND gates
(ii) Two differences between bitmap and vector formats:
- Bitmap: resolution-dependent, made of pixels.
- Vector: resolution-independent, uses mathematical formulas.
Advantage of bitmap: Good for photos.
Advantage of vector: Scalable without quality loss.
(iii)
(a) Two network topologies:
- Star: All nodes connect to central hub (Easy troubleshooting)
SECTION B: STRUCTURAL QUESTIONS - SOLUTION
- Bus: Devices share common cable (Easy to implement)
(b) Three components for data communication:
- Sender, Transmission medium, Receiver
(c) Two application layer protocols:
- HTTP: Transfers web data
- FTP: Transfers files
2. (i)
(a) Transport layer ensures reliable data transfer using error checking and retransmission.
(b)
- Router: Network layer, forwards packets between networks.
- Switch: Data link layer, connects devices in a LAN.
(c) Waterfall Model:
Advantages:
- Simple and clear
- Defined stages
Disadvantages:
- Inflexible
- Issues found late
(d) Iterative model is better for mobile apps due to continuous testing and feedback.
SECTION B: STRUCTURAL QUESTIONS - SOLUTION
(ii)
(a) Two good software properties:
- Reliability
- User-friendliness
(b) Operating System: Software managing hardware and software.
Examples: Android, iOS
(c) Real-time OS vs Batch OS:
- Real-time: Immediate processing (e.g., traffic control)
- Batch: Processes jobs in groups (e.g., payroll)
(iv)
a) Motherboard: Holds CPU, RAM, components
b) ALU: Performs arithmetic and logic operations
3. (i)
(a) Multitasking: Executes multiple tasks by switching.
Multiprogramming: Loads many programs, one runs at a time.
(b) Two mobile OS:
- Android
- iOS
SECTION B: STRUCTURAL QUESTIONS - SOLUTION
(c) Mono-tasking OS allows only one task at a time.
Example: MS-DOS
(d) OS memory management:
- Allocates and deallocates memory
(ii)
(a) Simulation: Imitates real-world systems.
Software: MATLAB
(b) Applications:
- Flight simulators
- Medical training
(c) Advantage: Safe, cost-effective
Disadvantage: Expensive to develop
Software Table:
1. System software - Microsoft Windows 10
2. General purpose - Microsoft Word
3. Utility software - Antivirus
4. Custom written - Banking app
1. (a) File extension: Suffix showing file type
SECTION B: STRUCTURAL QUESTIONS - SOLUTION
(b) File extensions:
- Excel: .xlsx
- PowerPoint: .pptx
- Word: .docx
- Notepad: .txt
