SR TOPICS DEFINITIONS EXAMPLES QUOTES

No
.
1 Human Human is a rational being Human
capable of self-awareness, greatness does
moral agency and possess not lie in
emotions. wealth or
power, but in
character and
goodness.

2 Self-Awareness It refers to perception that an Gandhi ji’s self "Knowing

individual has their own awareness of yourself is the
existence his principles ofbeginning of all
nonviolence. wisdom."–
Aristotle
3 Emotions Complex psychological and Fear, joy, “Never make a
physiological responses to an sadness,guilt,sh permanent
internal and external object ame,embarrass decision based
ment, pride on a temporary
emotion.”
–Anonymous
4 Rationality Ability to make, understand, If we think Sometimes
compare concepts and by rationally we emotions are
analysing them having will never more
judgement. believe in important than
gender bias rationality. -
traditions. Marco Bizzarri

5 Logic systematic study of valid if A=B, B=C

reasoning and inference then A=C
6 Will/Volition refers to faculty of volition/ person with Either I will find
capacity for deliberate actions mental attack a way, or I will
and choices make one. -
Philip Sidney
7 Voice of Metaphorical concept that Watching Conscience is a
Conscience/ refers to an inner moral movie with man’s
Inner Voice compass that guides an bunking class compass.
individual thought and actions -Gandhi
8 Intuition Innate ability to understand Mother The only real
something without the need of Teresa’s valuable thing
conscious reasoning or analysis immediate, is intuition. -
instinctual Albert Einstein.
response to the
suffering and Thoughts
poverty in without
Calcutta led her content are
to establish empty,
Missionaries Of Intuitions
 Charity.Her without
intuitive sense concept are
of duty and blind.
compassion -Immanuel
drove her to Kant
help the
destitute,sick
without
extensive
analysis.
9 Believe feeling about something that I believe that I believe that
we consider as true the the greatest
government is gift you can
doing a great give your
job. family and the
world is a
healthy you. -
Joyce Meyer

10 Faith subjective conviction about I believe in my Faith consists

something and someone which friend’s in believing
is not necessarily backed by fact honesty when it is
beyond the
power of
reason to
believe. -
Voltaire
11 Ethics According to the 2nd ARC 1. Hammurabi's In civilized life,
report the ethics is a set of code law floats in a
standards that societies place 2. five yamas sea of ethics. -
on itself and which helps guide 3. Ashoka Earl Warren
behaviour, choices and actions. Dhamma
4. Rigvedic Be truthful,
concepts gentle and
5. Oath of fearless.
Hippocrates - Gandhi
We must
become the
change we
want to see.
- Gandhi
12 Ultimate Good Somethings that is good for all
Individuals and society
13 Religion Religion is a set of beliefs, faith Five Yama’s in Religion is
values and practices that Jainism and Opium.
connect an individual to the Buddhism. - Marx
divine and to other individuals.
14 Law Law is set of sanctions and Civil right In civilized life ,
prohibition that are defined by protection act. law floats in a
legislature and enforce by the SC ST Act sea of ethics.
state
 - Earl
Warren
15 Morality Individual’s sense of good and During the 18th
bad and 19th
century SATI
practice was a
part of ethics
of hindu
society but it
was against the
morality of
RAJARAM
MOHAN RAI.
16 Values Values are individual Honesty,Greed,
preference.Can be moral, Exercise
immoral and Amoral
17 Rules Rules are Standard of Following
Behaviour were defined and Discipline of
enforced by a competent Classroom
authority.
18 Norms Are informal expectation of
behaviour in a particular
situation
19 Commitment Is the consistency and strength Bhagat Singh
of decision concerning commitment to
something. the
Independence
20 Socialization It is a process through which an 1. Respecting
individual learns about values, elders
social institutions, norms and
behaviour of society.
21 Factors of Mother, Teacher, Family school, 1. Jijamata and 1. Comparison
socializations Social media , Literature, Role shivray is origin of all
model, work place 2. Gandhiji greefs.
Family
3. Kautilya as
teacher to CM
4. movies, OTT,
Newschannel,
Digital media
22 Social Sanctions Set of prohibition and sanctions 1. Clear IIT
in a society through which exam - Praise
society regulates behaviour of 2. Inter Caste
individuals. marriage -
orthodox
boycott
23 Human Dignity - Respecting and upholding Sabarimala
and Rights rights and freedom of individual Issue, Honor
Killing
( demean the
dignity and
 freedom of
ethics)
24 Social Harmony Symbiotic relationship between
and Cooperation individual and community.
25 Summum Bonum Ultimate Good
26 Culture Practices inherit from our Respecting
forefathers elders.
27 Constitutional Morality based upon Untouchability, -
Morality constitutional values. protection of
equality, liberty, justice, environment
integrity
28 Popular(customary) Based on customs, traditions Caste The customary
Morality and religious practices. discrimination morality
are justified as cannot be a
a customs in guide to
1920’s modern life.
- Russell
29 Political Revolutionary, future vision, Banning sales
Ideology (LEFT) ideal society for future. of meat during
Individual liberty is important. Durga Puja -
against
individual
liberty
30 Political Ideology Status Quoist (slow and gradual Banning sales
(Central) Reforms) of meat during
Durga Puja - it
should be
individual’s
choice but if
state made a
law it should be
prohibited
31 Political Revival of the Old system. Banning sales
Ideology (Right) Concern is to safeguard interest of meat during
of elites and orthodox section Durga puja -
ethical for right
32 Economic System Directed economy,public sector
(SOCIALIST) industries, production and
distribution, respect for need.
33 Economic System
(MIXED)
34 Economic System Free market, minimum govt.
(Capitalism) maximum governance, respect
for talent.
35 Social Reforms Change in conscience due to child marriage
religious and social reforms. (pre reform-
ethical, post
reform=unethic
al)
 Satti
practice,Hindu
polygamy,
Untouchability.
36 Conservative Ethics Give importance to society over
individuals, Duties are more
imp than rights, social solidarity
is far more imp than individual
liberty.
37 Liberal Ethics Individuals are more important
than collective society, Rights
are more imp than duties.
38 Nature of Ethics Ethics Differs from society to Hijab Practice:
society. But all societies have India= Neutral
their own ethics. (individual’s
Some are universal in choice),
nature=eg. Peace,love,justice. Iran=Ethical(reli
gious and
cultural
reason),
France=
Unethical (
cultural reason,
Hijab is against
the liberty of
women.)

39 Human Actions Better management of

(INTERPERSONAL relations, deep connections
RELATIONSHIP) with peoples, brings mental
peace, builds trust, sense of
belonging, and environment for
holistic relation.
40 Human Actions (IN Social trust which increases the
PUBLIC RELATIONSHIP/ quality of cooperation,
SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE) regulates self interest of
individuals for social peace in
society. promote social order
and control. promote summum
bonum.
41 Human Actions promote transparency,
(PROFESSIONAL accountability,
RELATIONSHIP/INSTITUT credibility,efficiency. Growth of
IONAL) employees and org. Foster
good relationship between
institution and community by
CSR.
42 Trust and respect ethical behaviour fosters trust trust our
and respect in a relationship friends with
with both personal and public secrets, family
relations. when a person with
 consistently acts with integrity, babysitting and
honesty and reliability. he/she drivers with
builds a strong bonds of trust our lives on the
and respect with others road.
43 Compassion Ability to understand the Kiran Bedi- “Compassion is
thoughts, feelings, concerns of Introduced that which
others , Vipassana in makes the
while having a strong desire to Tihar jail for heart of the
help, act to alleviate the the inmates to good move at
suffering of others. reform them. the the pain of
others. It
Mother shelters and
Theresa has embraces the
often been distress and
referred to as destroys their
an pain”- Buddha
embodiment of
compassion.

44 Positive Reputation Ethical conduct contribute to a Individual= Dr.

positive reputation for A. P.J Kalam,
individual, org and society Org= Tata
Group,
society= Russia
as more
trustworthy to
India with
respect to
India’s foreign
Policy
45 Social Cohesion Ethical behaviour promotes Status of
social cohesion and harmony by Nordic
fostering the essence/virtue of Countries.
fearness, justice and mutual
respect among members of
society.
46 Personal Fulfilment Living ethically can lead to Life of Baba
sense of personal fulfillment, Ampte,
inner peace and satisfaction Life of Gautam
Budhha
47 Effective Decision Ethics provide a reliable Bhagavad
Making framework for navigating Geeta provided
complex moral dilemmas and an ethical
choices framework to
solve moral
dilemma of
Arjuna
48 Common Good Ethical Behaviour contributes to Ultimate good
the well -being of individuals as
well as society as a whole. It
 secures the ultimate good and
happiness for all.
49 Long Term Success Ethics in human actions ensures Life of Sachin
a long term success for Tendulkar and
individual, org and society. Vinod Kambli
Talented people without work
ethics fail. But the average
individual becomes talented
with work ethics.
50 Human Actions Are Actions which are If a two yrs old All human
deliberately and consciously child abuses actions have
performed by humans, through someone then one or more of
their intellect and will. Must his/her action these seven
Satisfy three conditions cannot be causes: chance,
(knowledge, freedom and will) consider as nature,
human action compulsion,
because he habit, reason,
/she lacks the passion, desire
knowledge of - Aristotle
human action
51 Knowledge The doer must have knowledge To know, is to
about nature of act and its know that you
consequences know nothing.
That is the
meaning of
true
knowledge. -
Socrates
52 Freedom Absence of restrictions and A/19(1)(a) When a man is
presence of choices Freedom of denied the
Speech right to live the
life he believes
in, he has no
choice but to
become an
outlaw.”
53 Will Doer must posses the will to
perform the act
54 Truthfulness builds trust and mutual respect.
also a cornerstone for private
relationship
55 Moral Values values to which an individual friendship was
attach connotation of moral value for
goodness. karna in
(orthodox) mahabharata
56 Immoral Values Progressive earning money
but in illegal
means such as
smuggling
57 Neutral Values Centrist studying 10 hrs
a day
58 Individual and Group Individual values are those eg. daily
Values belief, practice and qualities exercise is a
those are considered as value of
important by an individual individual
Group values are belief,
practice and attributes that are eg. Compassion
considered as important at for the
collective, institutional level marginal
section in
society is a
value for our
state (govt.)

59 Organizational Values special kind of collective values Teamspirit

that are important to promote
productivity and efficiency in a
organization
60 Human Values universal values that are love, peace,
considered as an essence of respect
human being
61 Civil Service Values values which are considered as
important for proper
functioning of civil services
62 Integrity Is the practice of being honest Lal Bahadur Courage
and showing consistent and Shastri had a combined with
uncompromising adherence to strong integrity is the
strong moral and ethical integrity,”In a foundation of
principles and values. poverty character.
stricken -Brian Tracy
country i have
no right to take
govt car.”

A.P.J Kalam did

not accept gifts
and deposited
all gifts in govt
treasury
63 Accountability Accountability is the When you Lord Acton-
answerability of a person for his write a letter “Power
decisions and act of omission and forget to corrupts and
and commission to a formal send it, then absolute power
system. Accountability is the you are corrupts
formal responsibility of a responsible for absolutely.”
person holding an office of trust it. But if your
or power. The person holding boss asks you
power faces consequences of to post a letter
his/her actions honestly and you forget,
then you’re
 accountable for
it.

RTI act 2005, a

tool to uphold
accountability
of the
executive to
the people
64 Selflessness caring more for what other selfless Selfless acts are
people need and want rather devotion to a source of
than for what you yourself duty profound
need and want meaning for
yourself and
your life.”
―Ron Kaufman
65 Honesty Honesty is the quality of being ‘no legacy is so
truthful, sincere, and free from rich as
deceit or fraud. honesty”
- Shakes
peare
Honesty is the
first chapter in
the book of
wisdom.-
Thomas
Jefferson
66 Objectivity Ability to base one’s decisions RBI’s monetary treat humanity,
and actions on observable policy decisions in your own
facts, figure, evidences, data based on data, person or in
rather than personal biases or facts etc. the person of
external influences any other,
never merely
as a means, but
always at the
same time as
an end.” -
immanuel Kant
67 Leadership It refers to a leadership style Nelson 1.“The best
that is characterized by a Mandela way to find
commitment to moral values, brought yourself is to
principles, and ethical behavior reconciliation lose yourself in
in decision making among the the service of
blacks and others.”
whites despite 2.“You must be
the decades of the change you
animosity. want to see in
the world.”
3.“I suppose
leadership at
one time
 meant muscles;
but today it
means getting
along with
people.”
4.“A leader is
useless when
he acts against
the promptings
of his own
conscience.”
1-4 by Gandhiji
68 Openness According to the Nolan- “Openness of
Committee, Holders of public mind
office should act and take strengthens
decisions in an open and the truth in us
transparent manner. and removes
Information should not be the dross from
withheld from the public unless it, if there is
there are clear and lawful any.”-Gandhiji
reasons for so doing.
69 Terminal Values they are highest rank values for self respect, “to lose
individual which remain peace, patience patience is to
consistent throughout the lose the
course of their life and battle”-gandhiji
motivate people to take action
towards their goals
70 Instrumental Values values those associated with 1) work/read
behaviours that help individuals for 10 hrs
achieve their terminal values 2) wealth
accumulation
71 Core Values crucial values for an individual truth - core
that represent the core of value of gandhi
individuals personality and this
values might be practiced
regularly by individual
72 Peripheral Values belief that are at periphery of truth - child
individuals personality telling truth
when s/he is
not getting
hurt but may
lie when truth
may give
her/him pain
73 Role of Family in Family plays a crucial role in 1)Type 1]If
Value/morality/ethics inculcating values in an father respect
formation individual. mother of his
1) Modeling behaviour child then that
2) Teaching and guidance child will learn
3) Mechanism of reward and values of
punishment gender equality
 4) setting up expectation and (respect
providing emotional support women)
(values learned are [Type 2] If a
competition, support, love and father lies to
help) someone with
the help of his
child then that
child will learn
to lie.
2) role of jijabai
in shivaji
3)praising for
child good
behaviour and
showing
disappointmen
t and
disapproval for
bad behavior

74 Role of Joint Family in values taught are - thomas edison

Value/morality/ethics 1) conflict resolution was
formation 2) co operation homeschooled
3)sharing by his parent
4) respect for culture and elders and inculcated
5)encouraging critical thinking critical thinking
(modern values like humanism,
scientific temper,
innovativeness)
75 Role of school in 1) curriculum integration 1) moral
value/morality/ethics 2) role of a teacher studies as
formation 3) indirect teachings subject for
4) school policies and rules students in
5) peers influence primary and
6)conflict restoration and secondary
justice 2) role of
7)extra curricular activities chanakya in
8)engagement with community chandra gupta
maurya life
3) paintings,
quotations on
wall
4) values
taught are
discipline,
equality and
fairness by
school policies
5) values from
close friend in
school
 6) games,
theater teach
values like
creativity,
leadership, co
operation and
integrity
7) NSS, blood
donation,
cleanliness
drive in
neighbourhood
76 Role of institution in 1) Nature of institution The leadership
value/morality/ethics (private institution - of Vikram
competitiveness in employees Sarabhai
and public institution - nurture produces next
value of care for marginal generation
society) leaders like DR.
2) office culture A.P.J. Abdul
(teamspirit, co-operation, care) Kalam
3) Leadership
(dictatorial leadership -
insecurity over competitiveness
whereas efficient leader
promote value of integrity, co-
operation, efficiency)
4) Institutional Training
(discipline, dedication,
perseverance, gender equality
77 Role of society in 1) By socialization Society praises
value/morality/ethics 2) social recognition and who cleared
condemnation UPSC.
3) role of family
4)role of religion & culture Boycotts the
5) individual characteristic and anti social
aspiration person/individ
ual
78 Role Model it can be a source of inspiration Adopting the
to him/her. this influence to value of
individual can be adopted or calmness from
form new values my Father.
79 Role of social media 1) tool of socialization cambridge
2) reinforces our values and analytica
prejudices scandal
3) misinformation and opinion (election
farming manipulate ordinary manipulation)
citizen
4) provides an opportunity to
observe and learn from ideals
life - plays a crucial role in value
formation
80 Care displaying kindness and Mother’s care If one takes
concerns for others, displaying her child care of the
feeling of love and affection means, the end
that can contribute in building will take care
of itself.

If you take care

of your
immediate
surroundings,
the universe
will take care
of itself.

both Gandhiji
81 Trust belief or faith another person child trust his “Trust is the
which indicate that other family that glue of life. It’s
person will secure your interest they will the most
at any cost protect him essential
ingredient in
effective
communication
. It’s the
foundational
principle that
holds all
relationships.”
– STEPHEN R.
COVEY

“Trust starts
with
trustworthy
leadership. It
must be built
into the
corporate
culture.” –
BARBARA
BROOKS
KIMMEL
82 Mutual Respect respecting each other
83 Gratitude Feeling thankful for what you 1. JK Rowling “ Gratitude is
have. Key to happiness. Imp to donated much richness,
preserve and promote of her wealth Complaint is
happiness to charity and poverty”
social - Dovis day
programmes in
the UK.
84 Love profound and multifaceted 1.Bezwada “ Where there
human value includes various wilson - Social is love there is
aspects of affection, care, activist god”
compassion, mutual respect 2. Mirabai love - M .Gandhiji
and faithfulness. for krishna
3. Surda
4. Sindhutai
love for orphan
85 Professional integrity Adhering to professional code 1. Civil Services “People of
of conduct and standards (central) rule integrity and
consistently. 1964 honesty not
2. All india only practice
services what they
conduct rule preach, they
1968 are what they
preach.”
86 Respect for diversity valuing and respecting the A/341 &342 of
perspective, background and constitution
identities of coworkers and
community members
87 Care for marginal only applicable to public/ civil 1. IAS Shamit
section of society services shrma - PM Jan
Aushadhi
yojana
88 Fairness in Decision While justice usually has been Justice H R “Fair means
Making used with reference to a Khanna’s everyone gets
standard of rightness, fairness judgement what they
often has been used with during the need. And the
regard to an ability to judge emergency only way to get
without reference to one's what you need
feelings or interests; fairness is to make it
has also been used to refer to happen
the ability to make judgments yourself.” –
that are not overly general but Rick Riordan.
that are concrete and specific
to a particular case. In any case,
a notion of being treated as one
deserves is crucial to both
justice and fairness.
89 Transparency In public relations it is 1. IAS Aruna “Information is
important roy role in RTI the currency of
Transparency means shedding Act democracy” –
light on shady deals, weak 2. IAS U. Thomas
enforcement of rules and other SAGAYAM - Jefferson
illicit practices that undermine Transparent
good governance, ethical elections
business and society at large 3RTI act 2005,
citizen charters
are tools for
transparency.
90 Public Trust and Upholding best interest of 1. M.
Confidence community by being response Visvesvaraya -
to public concern and not using
demonstrating integrity in official candle
public service for personal
work
91 Narrow Perception The narrow view of material Cheating in Benjamin
values, i.e., Artha and Kama exams to have Franklin" Great
(wealth and sensuous pleasure) a ‘good life’ in
part of miseries
alone, can be connected to the future. of mankind is
crisis of ethical values in brought upon
modern society. The entire Developing/kee them by false
purpose of life has become the ping nuclear estimates they
acquisition of personal success, bombs for have made of
which is characterised in peace. the value of
monetary terms, power, and things"
status.
Be the change
you want to
see in the
world
92 Dimensions of Ethics Its a branch of analytical
(META ETHICS) philosophy that explores the
status, foundation, scope, of
moral values, properties and
concepts
93 Dimensions of Ethics provides framework for
(NORMATIVE ETHICS) deciding what are the
standards of ethical behaviour
94 Dimensions of Ethics branch of modern philosophy in Abortion
(APPLIED ETHICS) which we apply theories of makes for a
normative ethics paradigmatic
example of
applied ethics
95 Cognitive Meta ethics This Theories believe that moral
concepts or qualities are a
matter of knowledge through
we can know what good is
96 Cognitive Meta ethics It believes that moral qualities hedonism
(NATURALISM) can be known by our senses or believes that
any other natural property good can be
known by
natural
property such
as pleasure (
and pain = bad)
97 Cognitive Meta ethics It believe that we can know 1. Barefoot
(NON-NATURALISM) ethical or moral properties but child walking
we can’t know them as we can on heated road
know
98 Non-Cognitive ethics - It believe that concept of
morality are not matter of our
knowledge so we can’t know
them objectivity
- moral concepts are matter of
our emotions and violation of
will
99 Non-Cognitive ethics Ethics and moral are part of our 1. killing
(EMOTIVISM) emotions someone is bad
because I don’t
like it
100 Non-Cognitive ethics It believe that ethics and 1. Killing
(PRESCRIPTIVISM) morals are prescriptions they someone is bad
show individual preference, because I
approval and disapproval disapprove of
it.
101 Normative Ethics 1. If consequences or result of Sardar Sarovar
(CONSEQUENTIALISM) action is good then action is dam (
ethical and vice versa migration of
2. it basis and ethics morality people,cutting
basis on consequences not on of forest and
action nor nature of action on other side
3. end justify means drinking water
to millions,
cultivations of
thousands
hectare.)

Killing of
Sambhar of
Lord Rama
102 Ethical Egoism An individual must follow
ethical principles for the sake of
his own interest.
If action is securing or
promoting his rational self
interest then action is ethical
otherwise not
103 Ethical Altruism Theory believe that all deeds
which seems to be selfless in
nature also serve your self
interest and must do it,
104 Utilitarianism An action is ethical if it 1) sardar
produces maximum good for sarovar dam
maximum number - (golden 2) act of hitler
formula of utilitarianism) 3) raja ram
mohan roy
4) women
education
156 Happiness Happiness is not momentary Helping my Gandhiji
physical or mental pleasure. mother in the “Happiness is
 Happiness is a joy which kitchen gives When what
provides meaning and purpose me inner you think, what
peace, you say, and
happiness. what you do
are in
harmony”
106 Normative Ethics 1. If nature of action is good
(DEONTOLOGICAL) then action is ethical and vice
versa
2. Mean in itself
3.
Moral Relativism - It is a theory that believes 1.
moral concepts are relative in Consequentiali
nature. sm
- Goodness and badness of
action depends upon
circumstances, consequences ,
social and cultural milieu or
context
- there is no universal ethics
107 Moral Absolutism It is an ethical perspective
which believes that moral
concepts and ethics are
absolute.
they are end in themselves
universal in nature
108 Immaneul Kant Ethics or moral injunctions are 1. Study 10 hrs
categorical Imperatives obligations. It is duty of an a day to clear
individual to perform these upsc is moral
irrespective of circumstances, obligation bcz
consequences of an action it mean to
achieve
something or it
is relative
109 Immanuel Kant Any unethical act loses its 1. Stealing
categorical Imperatives meaning when applying this
(RULE OF UNIVERSALITY) rule, it contains only ethical
acts.
110 Immanuel Kant Because human being is end in
categorical Imperatives itself
(ROLE OF HUMANITY)
111 Immanuel Kant Any ethical act should be done
categorical Imperatives on individual free will
(RULE OF FREE WILL) It should not done due to
external forces
112 Normative Ethics It is normative theory of ethics 1. Ashwathama
(VIRTUE) which emphasizes that virtues dead said by
or moral character is the sole of Yudhishthir
standard ethics.
– If the character of action is
good then action is good no
 matter what consequences it
produces or nature of action
113 Plato’s Virtue ethics essential feature of king/ ruling
(PRUDENCE/WISDOM) class (independent virtue)
114 Plato’s Virtue ethics the quality to act in severe
(COURAGE) situation especially battlefield
(independent virtue)
115 Plato’s Virtue ethics virtue of contentment,
(TEMPERANCE) patience, perseverance
(independent virtue)
116 Plato’s Virtue ethics everyone in society is
(JUSTICE) performing their duties
(collective virtue)
117 Aristotle’s Virtue ethics virtue is a part of human
character which arises out of an
individual's habits. (mean of
two extreme behaviour of
excess and deficiency)
118 Applied Ethics branch of modern philosophy in
which we apply theories of
normative ethics in practical life
119 Ethical Dilemma a situation where an individual 1) arjun at Even the most
finds himself without any battle of rational
answer of what is right and kurukshetra approach to
what is wrong. In this situation ethics is
an individual might be unable defenseless if
to find a right choice there isn't the
will to do what
is right."

"You may
never know
what results
come of your
actions, but if
you do nothing,
there will be no
results."
120 Ethical Dilemma 1) old lady in
(CONFLICTS BETWEEN end of queue
TWO RIGHTS) and 1st person
in queue
waiting in DM
office for DM
121 Ethical Dilemma mahabharta -
(CONFLICTS BETWEEN karan’s ethical
TWO VALUES) dilemma (value
of brotherhood
and friendship)
122 Ethical Dilemma personal interest conflict with As a DM,
(CONFLICTS OF professional interest contract to
INTEREST) your sibling’s
construction
company
instead of
tender process
123 Ethical Dilemma personal role vs professional justice mishra -
(CONFLICTS OF ROLES) role medical scam
124 Ethical Dilemma drought
(CONFLICTS BETWEEN condition - DM
RULE VS EFFICIENCY) role collect
fodder and
resources for
his district by
process
125 Ethical Dilemma 1) old lady in
(CONFLICTS BETWEEN end of queue -
INTEREST OF MARGINAL compassion,
SECTION OF SOCIETY VS 1st person in
queue -
OTHER STAKEHOLDERS)
rule/framewor
k law
2)for “D” grade
post, selection
between
widow women
with minimal
qualification,
graduate, Ex
servicemen
127 Ethical Dilemma Order by
(CONFLICTS BETWEEN politician on
ORDER OF SENIORS VS call.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS)
128 Ethical Dilemma RTI ACT
(CONFLICTS BETWEEN
SECRECY VS
TRANSPARENCY)
129 Ethical Dilemma IPC SECTION
(CONFLICTS BETWEEN 144
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
VS PERSONAL
MORALITY/ETHICS)
130 Ethical Dilemma
(CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
VS ROLE)
131 Human Value principles and beliefs that guide Gandhi
people to take into account the
 human element when one “The greatness
interact with another human of humanity is
not in being
human, but in
being
humane.”

“Earth provides
enough to
satisfy every
man's needs,
but not every
man's greed.”

“You must not

lose faith in
humanity.
Humanity is
like an ocean; if
a few drops of
the ocean are
dirty, the ocean
does not
become dirty.”
132 Compassion capacity to understand pain IAS prasanth “ Love and
,feeling and strong desire to nair - compassion are
end that suffering 1.Operation necessities not
Sulaimani luxuries,
2. Wall of hope without them
- Baba Amte humanity can’t
- Mother teresa survive”
- Sindhutai
Sapkal
133 Peace encompasses absence of - M. Gandhiji “ If you want to
conflict, violence, disturbance - Nelson make peace
at collective and personal levels Mandela with your
- Martin Luther enemy, you
king jr. have to work
- IPS R.N. Ravi - with your
naga peace enemy, then he
accord becomes your
partner”
- Nelson
Mandela
134 Harmony state of peaceful coexistence, - Saint kabir “ Harmony is
cooperation and balance - Sant Tukaram like symfony,
between individual and groups - Guru nanak many voices,
in society - IAS many norms,
S.R.Sankaran - but all in
father of kerala agreement”
model of - william jones
 economic
development
135 Faithfulness include loyalty, commitment - Sam bahadur Gandhi
and reliability in relationship - Mr. Ajit Doval Faith is not
(used in formal) Sir(IPS) something to
- Hanuman Ji grasp, it is a
- Tanaji state to grow
Malusare into.
- Savitri and
Satyawan I believe in
equality for
everyone,
except
reporters and
photographer

Each one has to

find his peace
from within.
And peace to
be real must be
unaffected by
outside
circumstances
136 Loyalty steadfast faith and devotion to Doctors and Loyalty means
individual, group or a front-line nothing unless
cause(used in informal) workers it has at its
showed loyalty heart the
to the absolute
organization principle of self
during Covid – sacrifice
19 pandemics.

The employees
of Taj Hotel
Mumbai
showed their
highest form of
loyalty during
the 26/11
terror attack
while serving,
they went
beyond their
call of duty to
save lives.

Tanaji
Malusare’s
loyalty towards
 Shivaji
Maharaj.

Hanuman ji’s
loyalty to Ramji
137 Attitude attitude aspect of mind. That is “Be the change
is expressed while evaluating a that you wish
particular entity with some to see in the
degree of favour and dis favour world.”
138 Components of Attitude attitude aspect of mind. That is Patriarchal
(AFFECTION) is expressed while evaluating a Attitude (
particular entity with some Affirmation
degree of favour and disfavour towards many
social injustice
towards
women)
139 Components of Attitude the way that you act or behave Patriarchal
(BEHAVIOUR) Attitude (
Boycott,
Violation of
laws)
140 Components of Attitude the process by which Patriarchal
(COGNITION) knowledge and understanding Attitude (male
is developed in the mind dominant
society)
141 Positive Attitude positive an object towards Indian Flag
belief feeling about so that we
respond this object positively
142 Negative Attitude Is having unfavourable and Hafiz Saeed ( a
negative belief and feeling mastermind
toward an Object behind
terrorism in
India)
143 Ambivalent Attitude Having mixed belief and feeling Pakistan( we
of a particular situation and like music , but
objects hate their
interference on
borders)

144 Pessimistic Attitude – Person with a pessimistic 1. Duryodhan

attitude interprets events,
people, and situations
negatively.
– he always sees badness in
other
– he is always uncertain,
gloomy about the future.
– do not see trust and faith on
any individual or social
institutions
145 Optimistic Attitude – A person having optimistic 1. Yudhishthir
attitude is highly positive who
always sees goodness in others.
– self confident and also faith in
social institution
146 Pragmatism – It is a golden mean of 1. Mahatma “Prepare for
pessimism and optimism buddha Four the worst,
– he is aware of future Arya satya hope for best”
– he use negatively challenges - Dukh, Dukh
as source of motivation karan, Dukh
nivaran, Dukh
nivaran marg
147 Social Attitude – Are feelings and perceptions
about a particular social issue
and event.
148 Social Attitude perspective of life that consider
(CONSERVATIVE) tradition, cultural practices and
religion as the most important
social institution.
(revivalist)
149 Social Attitude perspective that consider
(PROGRESSIVE) humanity, individuality and
rationality important
(revolutionary and reformist)
150 Political Attitude defines our political belief and
responses toward a political
ideology and party
151 Political Attitude 1) Includes faith in popular
(DEMOCRATIC sovereignty and will of people
ATTITUDE) (elections)
2) questions the authority
3) conscience oriented policy
making & implementation
4) respect dignity of human
being
5) considers institution as far
more important than
leadership
6) have concern for welfare for
people in general and welfare
of marginal society in particular
152 Political Attitude 1) total disregard of the popular
(AUTHORITARIAN sovereignty & will of people
ATTITUDE) (faith in leader)
2) blindly follow authority
3) disregard negotiation,
conscience
4) only respects power
5) consider leadership much
more important than institution
 6) only concern - how to make
leader more powerful and rich
153 Political Attitude (LEFT) oppose religion as an an during national
institution (revolutionary) movement -
communist
party
154 Political Attitude status quos (reformist) congress
(CENTER) (step by step - legal and
constitutional reform)
155 Political Attitude consider religion, cultural zamindar party
(RIGHT) identity & customs important in
individual life - conservative
nature (Revival old glory)
156 Economic Attitude attitude about economic
development and policies
157 Economic Attitude 1) control economy reservation,
(SOCIALIST) 2) distribution of economic subsidy
resources based on needs
rather than talent or merit
3) Equality > liberty
4) aim - social welfare,
investment on people's health
and education
(special provision for marginal
section of society)
158 Economic Attitude 1) free and competitive market
(CAPITALIST) 2) individual liberty and merit
3) prefer liberty over equality
4) disregard subsidy for social
justice
159 Economic Attitude
(MIXED)
160 Dimensions of Attitude 1) attitude differs in strength bhagat singh’s
(STRENGTH) (some strong and some weak) patriotism and
2)determined by conviction of revolutionary
person in underlying value, thoughts
belief of an attitude
2) if belief and values of an
attitude are strong then there is
greater tendency that person
may react strongly towards that
object of attitude and vice
versa
161 Dimensions of Attitude refers to ease with which an 1) Having
(ACCESSIBILITY) attitude can be retrieved from attitude on
our memory health that
it signifies how easily an Eating junk
attitude is available to a person food
unhealthily 2)
 Smoking causes
cancer.

162 Dimensions of Attitude (mixed quality) refers to the 1) Non-veg

(AMBIVALENCE) fact that our evaluation of food
objects, issues, events or 2) govt.
people are not always positive promoting
or negative, it can be mixed. social welfare -
good and govt.
restricts right
of people - bad
163 Relationship Between feedback mechanism In the movie Jai
Attitude and Values (conservative family upbringing bhim - prakash
made thinking bad for caste raj attitude
discrimination/ religion but as before knowing
maturing period changed reality and
perspective to good for such after seeing the
caste discrimination/ religion in real condition
good way by experience) of minorities.
164 Attitude Formation process of behavior change by 1) pavlov's dog
Theories (CLASSICAL which a subject comes to experiment
CONDITIONING) respond in a desired manner to 2) marketing
previously neutral stimulus that gimmick -
has been repeatedly presented “maggi, vimal”
along with an unconditioned
stimulus that illicit desired
reforms.
165 Attitude Formation operant conditioning - a new 1) Rat box
Theories attitude can be formed by a experiment
(INSTRUMENTAL prolong mechanism of 2) parents -
CONDITIONING) reinforcement (reward & approval/
punishment) disapproval for
childs act and
reward for
success or
desired act
3) swachh
bharat abhiyan
166 Attitude Formation we can develop our attitude by 1) children
Theories observation of individual and learn attitude
(OBSERVATIONAL social group of their parents
LEARNING/SOCIAL by observation
2) use of
INFLUENCE)
nukkad natak
3) we tend to
emulate values
of our role
model
167 Functions of Attitude an individual interpret the 1) knowledge
(KNOWLEDGE reality according to his/her of glass half
FUNCTION) attitude full, half empty
2) stereotypes
and prejudices
3) Yudhisthira
& duryodhana
story about
virtuous and
evil person in
village
168 Functions of Attitude 1) story of fox
(EGO DEFENCE and grape
FUNCTIONS) 2) people tend
to dislike any
contrary view
because they
consider it an
attack to self
identity
169 Functions of Attitude attitude expresses our core
(EGO EXPRESSIVE values and beliefs.
FUNCTION) we tend to act according to our
notion of self
170 Functions of Attitude attitude helps us to choose to clear upsc
(INSTRUMENTAL what is rewarding and also exam you need
FUNCTION) avoid what is punishing. a competitive
plays crucial role to achieve attitude
specific goals in life
171 Functions of Attitude helps to adapt to socially If a peer group
(SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE approved behaviour of a large plays cricket
FUNCTION) group then a new
person who
joins the group
would also play
cricket after
some time
172 RIGHT ATTITUDE FOR 1) follow cardinal values of civil
CIVIL SERVICES servant (IAS HOLO)
2) dedication to public service
3) care and compassion toward
marginal section of society
4) Must posses social skills to
manage professional and
personal relationship (positive
attitude)
5)Right attitude includes
meliorist attitude - human
efforts can end any kind of
misery and suffering
 6) always try to find innovative
steps efficiency of governance
7) he should be outcome
oriented so that he can improve
efficiency
173 Attitude Change a person’s attitude can change
Theories when a particular attitude no
(FUNCTIONALIST longer serves its purpose &
THEORY) person feels blocked or
frustrated.
This attitude change by the
change in motivation behind
the attitude
174 Attitude Change uses classical conditioning, formation of
Theories (LEARNING operant conditioning and patriotic and
THEORY) observational learning to disciplined
change an individual’s attitude attitude in arm
forces in army
training
175 Attitude Change 1) They can be motivated to 1) gaining
Theories (THEORY OF listen and think about message motivation
PERSUASION) (persuasion) that can lead to after reading
alter attitude “wings of fire”
2) Person might be persuaded by A P J abdul
by the characteristic of speaker kalam
leading to a temporary and 2) motivated by
surface shift to an attitude listening
motivational
speech
176 Social Influence Described as change in person Keep in mind
behaviour and attitude that that Pyramid
result from his interaction with type diagram
the social environment ( Group,
individual, institutions ).
177 Types of Social Influence It is elementary type of social 1. We
(COMPLIANCE) influence in which people compliance
appeared to agree with others with our father
but they actually kept their , boss but we
dissenting opinion for different type
themselves of opinion
178 Types of Social Influence In which people are influenced 1. Rohit sharma
(IDENTIFICATION) by someone who is liked and - leadership,
well respected. critical thinking
People want to emulate these 2. Virat kohli -
role model and they want to Hard Work,
identify themselves with role dedication
model values
179 Types of Social Influence In this people accept the belief 1. Vinoba
(INTERNALIZATION) or attitude of a group or a bhave
person voluntarily. internalised
 They consider this belief or Gandhian
attitude as their own so they principles
agree with the groups or
individuals.
180 Factors affecting Social Person with high level of ego
Influence (PERSON’S defence, conservative attitude
PERSONALITY) are very hard to influence
whereas person with open
mind are easy to influence
181 Factors affecting Social Person with vibrant personality APJ abdul
Influence (PERSONALITY can easily influence other kalam
OF INFLUENCER/HALO whereas person with dull
EFFECT) personality can’t easily
influence other
182 Factors affecting Social A message should be delivered 1. Atithi Devo
Influence (CONTENT in the audience native language Bhava
AND DELIVERY OF with examples of their socio- 2. Beti Bachao,
MESSAGE) cultural context that can easily beti Padhao
influence others.
183 Six principles of effective – People tend to return favour
Influence and – Behave with the a people in a
Persuasion way that you are acting
(RESIPROCATE) selflessly or working with their
interest, it will lead people to
reciprocate towards your act of
genericity

184 Six principles of effective People do not like to be self 1.

Influence and contradictory once they Advertisement
Persuasion commit to an idea or by any brand
(COMMITMENT AND behaviour. They are evers to
change their mind without a
CONSISTENCY)
good reason so to persuade
and influence these types of
people we need a committed
effort with consistency.
185 Six principles of effective People will be more open to 1. During covid
Influence and think 19
Persuasion (SOCIAL 2. During clean
PROOF) India Mission
after seeing
Modiji on
street then
majority of
officers MP’s
doing same
thing
186 Six principles of effective People tend to authority 1. Pariksha pe
Influence and charcha by PM
Persuasion (AUTHORITY) 2. Clean India
Message by PM
187 Six principles of effective People are more easily swayed 1. A mother
Influence and by people they like persuasion is
Persuasion (LIKING) more powerful
than any other
188 Six principles of effective A perceived limitation of 1. End of
Influence and sources will generate demand. season sale
Persuasion (SCARCITY) In this, people will tend to think
that a particular message is
more important than anything
case.

189 Persuasion It is the process of changing or

reinforcing the attitude, belief
or behaviour of a person.
– Main diff. between
persuasion and social influence
is persuasion is one to one and
direct whereas influence is
indirect.
190 Factors affecting Whenever you are trying to swachh bharat
Persuasion (FOOT IN persuade others, put a mission -(odf;
THE DOOR TECHNIQUES) reasonable and little demand odf+ clean
that a person agrees to fulfill. water;
After that you will have odf+clean
attention of that person so that water+proper
you can persuade him sewer
management)
191 Factors affecting Demand very unreasonable Need is Rs 10
Persuasion (DOOR IN then negotiate to reasonable but ask mother
THE FACE TECHNIQUES) demand. for Rs 500 to
watch a movie.
demand didn’t
meet at initial
dialogue but
after some
drama
between
mother and
you. Finally you
might get Rs
200.
192 Factors affecting Persuading people by big multi level
Persuasion (FOOT IN promises and false hope marketing (best
MOUTH TECHNIQUES) idea for
manipulation)
193 Factors affecting Persuading people by offering car dealers
Persuasion (THAT’S NOT more than they demand
ALL TECHNIQUES)
194 Factors affecting mainly used by people having boss says to do
Persuasion (THERE IS NO authority many task to
 ALTERNATIVE (TINA single
factor)) individual
195 Factors affecting
Persuasion (SCARCITY)
196 Stereotype It is a generalised belief and 1. Gujarati and
perception about a particular Marwari are
group of people. good
It may be good or bad businessman
2. women are
bad driver
197 Prejudice These are negative emotions, 1. Women
attitudes or judgement held can’t take their
towards individuals based on own decisions
their perceived membership of in related to
a particular group, caste, panchayat
religion, ethnicity etc.
198 Discrimination It involves unfair and unequal 1. Gender
treatment directed towards discrimination
individuals based on their and caste
membership to particular discrimination
gender, caste, religion,
ethnicity, race etc.

199 Ways to eliminate 1. Education and awareness 4. SC, ST,

Stereotype, Prejudice, 2. Increase media Untouchability
Discrimination representation of marginal acts
section of society 7. Prarthana
3. Promoting interfaith and samaj
inter caste dialogue 9. Ek Bharat,
4. Legal protection Shreshth
5. Community engagement Bharat
6. Role of political leadership to
create unity among people
7. Civil society organizations
8. Personal reflection and
dialogue
9. Government initiative
200 Cognitive Dissonance 1. Is discomfort that is 1. Arjun’s CD at
generated by a contradiction battlefield of
between persons belief and kurukshetra
ground reality which solved
2. Psychological phenomenon by Krishna by
that occurs when a person hold changing
two contradictory belief at a arjun’s core
same time belief.
3. result in anxiety and pain
201 Aptitude 1. Innate inherent capacity to
perform a task or learn a skill
2. Component of competence
to do certain kind of work at
certain level
202 Types of Aptitude It is person innate ability to 1. aptitude for
(INTELLECTUAL) learn and understand any math and
concept easily science
203 Types of Aptitude Ability to understand the moral 1. Aptitude of
(MORAL) concept easily and ability to act truth and
according to their moral respect
concepts
204 Types of Aptitude Ability to understand others 1. Aptitude of
(EMOTIONAL) emotions easily and having EI sympathy and
motivation
205 Contributions of 1. Conceptualization &
APTITUDE in Human Life creativity
2. Leadership and adaptability
3. critical thinking & problem
solving ability
4. Technical and interpersonal
skill
206 Aptitude of Civil Services Intellectual, emotional, moral IAS Shashanka
aptitude for citizen centric Ala
governance. (malnutrition
rises)
reason: lack of
availability of
quality nutrient
rich meal in
mid day meal.
Solution: Our
school our
kitchen our
garden
207
208 Foundations Values of 1. Nolan Committee
Civil Services (SOURCES) 2. 2nd ARC
3. Central civil service (
conduct) rule 1964
4. All india services ( conduct )
rule 1968
5. Draft public service bill 2008
209 Foundations Values of IAS HOLO + Anonymity , Non
Civil Services (CORE partisanship, Dedication to
CIVIL SERVICE VALUE public service
ACCORDING TO NOLAN
COMMITTEE)
210 Anonymity Civil service virtue that mean “Anonymity is
civil servant must work behind the strength of
the limelight civil servant,
- must give credit for all success civil servant are
to his dept to minister incharge like fourth lion
of our national
emblem, which
remain
 invisible yet
make his
presence felt
all the time -
Modiji
211 Impartiality Quality of being fair or not
being biased or partial towards
any group stakeholders or
individual
212 Political Impartiality 1. civil servant should not “ In developing
discriminate among people bcz nation like
of india,
personal biases, prejudices and whenever a
self interest. question of
2. he should give preferential neutrality
treatment to the marginal arises in front
section of society ( sc, st, of civil servant,
women, children, elders, sp. he must
abled ) protect the
interest of
poor”
- Lal bahadur
shashri
213 Non-Partitionship - Impartial behaviour in political 1. Bhishma
sphere and lack of allegiance Pitamaha
towards any political party, 2. T.N Seshan -
group IAS ECI
- served to any party by 3. Defence
sincerity and capacity forces of india -
- it promote credibility and
efficient functions of his office
214 Dedication To Civil Keeping the public good above 1. E.
Services all which ensures civil servant Sreedharan -
have sense of duty and are Metro man of
integrated with his official india
responsibility. 2.
Parameshwara
n Iyer - Clean
mission of india
3. Kailash
Satyarthi - Save
children
movement
215 Commitment It is combination of dedication 1. Citizen
and formal agreement Charter
216 Tolerance Fair objective and permissive A vegetarian 1.“Do not let
attitude towards those officer posted your
opinions, practices, race, in an area differences
religion refers from one's own famous for become
slaughter dispute” -
houses. Modiji
 2. “ I do not
Negative agree with
tolerance to what you say
caste but I will
discrimination, defend to the
corruption, death you right
women to say” -
harassment. Voltaire
3. Ashoka’s
Dhamma
4. Akbar policy
of Sulah - i - kul

217 Gandhiji’s Talisman "I will give you a talisman.

Whenever you are in doubt, or
when the self becomes too
much with you, apply the
following test. Recall the face of
the poorest and the weakest
man [woman] whom you may
have seen, and ask yourself, if
the step you contemplate is
going to be of any use to him
[her]. Will he [she] gain
anything by it? Will it restore
him [her] to a control over his
[her] own life and destiny? In
other words, will it lead to
swaraj [freedom] for the
hungry and spiritually starving
millions?
218 How to inculcate civil 1. by training
services values in 2. mentoring by senior servants
YOUNG OFFICERS 3. by following code of conduct
(GENERAL STRATEGIES) for civil servant (central civil
services - 1964 and all india
services - 1968)
4. Individual strategies like -
i. observation and learning from
senior officer
ii. role model
iii. practice role reversal
techniques
iv. practice mindfulness and
meditation
219 How to inculcate civil 1. By training
services values in 2. monitoring by senior civil
YOUNG OFFICERS servants
(SPECIFIC STRATEGIES) 3. following code of conduct for
civil servants
220 How to inculcate civil 1. observation and learning
services values in from senior officers
YOUNG OFFICERS 2. role model
(INDIVIDUAL 3. practice role reversal
technique
STRATEGIES
4. mindfulness and meditation
221 Intellectual Competence Ability to organize conceptual
sematic and procedural
knowledge
222 Moral Qualities Ability to take decisions on
issues not governed by law in
manner that promotes
collective welfare of publics.
223 Empathy Ability to hear out and Parikalpa
understand the thoughts, Narahari – MP
feelings, concerns of others. Put cadre IAS –
yourself in another man's shoes Barrier free
and understand his pain. Gwalior for
persons with
disabilities.

Armstrong
Pane, IAS
officer built
a100km road in
Manipur
without
government
support to help
the residents
access health
facilities is an
exemplary
example of
empathy

224 Sympathy Sympathy is defined as A boy walking

acknowledging and bare foot on
understanding another person's road at mid day
difficulties. Sympathy is the in 47 degree
feeling of caring about and celsius
being sorry for someone else's temperature
distress, grief, misfortune, or
other adversity.
225 Emotional Intelligence 1. Once ability to understand Sonu Sood-
emotions and ability to regulate High emotional
those emotions for the intelligence-
betterment of once own and stepped up at
others time of need
during
 2. 1+ apply them in thought and the migrant
actions - Mayor and Salovey crisis and acted
proactively

Dalai Lama’s
conception of
emotional
hygiene and
how emotional
intelligence
makes one
empathetic and
compassionate

Senior IAS
Parmeshwaran
Iyer (Secretary
to MoDWS) –
cleaned a twin
toilet
pit by himself
in Telangana
village to
change attitude
of people
towards
self-cleaning
and to do away
with manual
scavanging

226 Three components of EI 1. Understanding of emotions

2. regulation and management
3. motivation
227 Dimensions of EI 1. Perception of emotions - 1. Recognition
according to Mayer and collect emotional data - verbal of emotions -
Salovey & non verbal, body language self awareness,
2. Reasoning with emotions - others -
analysis of emotional data empathy
3. Understanding of emotions - 2. regulation of
can emotion provide you true emotions - self
meaning motivation,
4. management of emotions - others - social
try to regulate & manage in skills
way that can achieve desired
output
228 Components of EI by 1. Self awareness
Daniel Goleman 2. empathy
3. self regulation
4. social skills
 5. motivation
229 Low EI 1. aggressive low EI- doctors
2. egoistical being targeted
3. demanding during COVID
4. bossy due to fear of
5. easily distractible COVID
6. poor listener
7. skeptical
230 HIGH EI ( represents person’s ability to
understand abstract concepts
easily and effectively)
1. Assertive
2. socially aware & mature,
charming & ambitious
3. strong willed
4. Pragmatic leader
5. Focused
6. Good listener
7. Critical thinkers
231 How to Inculcate/ 1. using assertive style of (munshi
improve EI communication - patient, premchand
always listen and react story, jai bhim)
calculatively
2. Respond instead of reacting
to conflict (rationally react)
3. Speak less, listen more,
think most
4. practice ways to maintain
positive attitude and
mindfulness (yoga,
pranayam, meditation,
exercise, sports)
5. practice ways to improve
empathy
i. Role reversal techniques
ii. Read good literature & watch
good cinema
iii. Always think about Gandhi
ji’s talisman.
6. Always take criticism well
and be self critical
232 IQ number used to express the
apparent relative intelligence of
a person determined by a
person's performance on a
standardized test.
233 IMPORTANCE OF EI IN 1.self awareness
CIVIL SERVICES (understanding strength and
weakness within)
2. can maintain calm and
peaceful environment and
 enable to sympothatic about
the concern of marginal section
of society
3.improves quality in
communication
4.promote out of the box
thinking and innovative
approach.
5.balance between personal
and professional life.
6. promote constitutional
values of social justice.
7.helps in disaster relief
operation
234 Ethics in Public TRADITIONAL PERSPECTIVE=
Administration MAX WEBER’S BUREAUCRATIC
MODEL

MODERN PERSPECTIVE= NEW

PHILOSOPHY OF PUBLIC
MANAGEMENT
235 Ethics in Public Means permanent human
Administration resource that manage the
(TRADITIONAL affairs of government.
PERSPECTIVE= MAX
WEBER’S
BUREAUCRATIC MODEL)
236 Ethics in Public It emerge as the response to
Administration the pursued inefficiencies of
(MODERN traditional bureaucratic model
PERSPECTIVE= NEW of public administration
PHILOSOPHY OF PUBLIC
MANAGEMENT)
237 Sources of Ethical - Emphasizes on duty and
Guidance in righteousness
Administration (INDIAN - Administrator should perform
SOURCES=CONCEPT OF his duty with efficiently and
diligently for achieving welfare
DHARMA(DUTY))
of society
238 Sources of Ethical – It emphasizes one to perform
Guidance in one’s action and duty without
Administration (INDIAN being attached to or desiring
SOURCES= NISHKAMA for the results or reward or
recognitions
KARMA YOGA OF
– It is because the doer has no
GEETA)
control over the result of the
action
– It helps one to reduce
suffering ( Detachment ) , focus
 on their duty and improve
efficiency.
239 Sources of Ethical Features
Guidance in - Self control and open
Administration (INDIAN mindedness
SOURCES= KAUTILYA) - Seek advice from council of
ministers
- Should active in promoting
security & welfare of people
- Should ensure observance of
dhamma by people
- treat all citizens like his own
children
240 Sources of Ethical - Decentralisation and self
Guidance in governance
Administration (INDIAN - Concept of sarvodaya i.e
SOURCES= GANDHIJI) policy should make in way such
that development all sections
of society can be ensured like
social, political, cultural,
economic
- Gandhiji’s talisman
- Concept of trusteeship
between industrialist and
employees
241 Sources of Ethical 1. Principle of utilitarianism
Guidance in 2. Principle of deontological
Administration ethics
(WESTERN SOURCES) 3. UN code of conduct for
public officials - public service
values
4. Laws, rules and regulations
as source of ethics for public
servant
242 Sources of Ethical 1.law are basic ethical std
Guidance in 2.Law are formal in nature
Administration (LAW 3.for civil servant laws have to
RULES AND clarify what values to be used
and what procedures to be
REGULATIONS)
followed
4.modern laws foster
liberty,equality and fraternity.
5.law holds an office of public
trust(letter and spirit)
6.abiding civil servant can
escape from allegations of
misconduct and corruptions
243 Status of Ethics in Civil As per 2nd ARC report our “ Power
Services contemporary civil services are corrupts but
witnessing deterioration of absolute power
 ethical values that are seen in corrupts
the following issue. absolutely “
1. Corruption= Authority - – Lord Acton
Accountability - transfer
2. Nepotism, Favouritism and
abuse of power
3. insensitive behaviour
towards public in general and
members of marginal sections
of society in particular
4. Lack of devotion towards
public service
244 Reasons Behind 1. Due to materialism,
deteriorations in consumerism and
standards of Civil westernization of society
Services 2. lack of transparency and
accountability of governance
3. Politicization of democracy
4. colonial attitude of civil
services
5. multiplicity, complexity,
colonial origin of our laws
6. Sensitivity issue i.e not
understanding plight of
marginal sections of society
7. Criminalization of politics
8. Crony Capitalism i.e
businessman and politician
policy profit scam
245 Code of Conduct It is a document that prescribes 1. Central civil
what to do and what not to do services rule,
in profession 1964
It is regulation of ethical 2. All india civil
guideline to regulate behaviour services rule,
of civil servant 1968
It is a supplementary
document that tries to achieve
objectives and standards
established by code of ethics.
246 Code of Ethics It is an assembly of the
institutional guidelines to
reduce the ethical vagueness.
In this document the
organization defined an
overarching value of ethical
conduct .
General document that
establishes the ethical standard
of an organisation.
247 Draft Public Service Bill This bill is the only source of
2006 code of ethics for public service
in india.
- Not passed by parliament
According to this foundational
value of public service as
follows:
1. Allegiance to the constitution
2. Apolitical functions of civil
services
3. Practice values - IAS HOLO
4. Give honest, frank and
impartial advice to political
executive
5. Ensure economical and
careful use of public policy.

248 Confession When I accept the I confessed to

mistake/wrong i have my mother
done.(realization) when i had
used the
money given by
her towards
wrong things
249 Realist theory of IR Power as a main tool of IR Surgical Strike
(Hard Power)
250 Idealist theory of IR Ideas of world peace, Ammann ki
democracy, human rights, Asha initiative
negotiations, trade during
relationship, people to people Vajpayee Govt
relationship are tools to resolve
the conflicts between two
nations
251 Pragmatic theory of IR Realist theory of IR(realism)+ India in todays
idealist theory of IR (idealism) era
252 Resource curse resource curse on country 1.Pakistan
follows below cycle location rich
1.resouce rich
2.totalitarian govt(supported by 2.iran oil rich
super power)
3.Govt can spend on people
without taxing them(due to rich
resources)
4.No tax no demand for
democracy
5.without democracy country
leads to exploitation of natural
resources
6. 5th become reason for
poverty.
 and hence these cycle
continues
253 Corporate governance Cadbury committee on : PNB-Nirav Ratan Tata-
corporate governance defines it Modi scam is “Money is
as a system by which an example of yours but
companies are directed and poor corporate resources
controlled. It is concerned with governance. belong to the
holding balance between society.”
economic and social goals and : Passport Seva
between individual and Kendras- Gandhi-
communal goals. Aim is to Outsourcing, “Commerce
encourage efficient use of digitization and without
resources aligned with interests office morality is a
of stakeholders modernization deadly sin.”
to improve
quality of
service
delivery.
254 Probity in Governance The quality of strict adherence Ashok Khemka
to highest principles and ideals – transferred
such as integrity, honesty, 54 times in 29
decency, good character etc. in years but still
performance of an act. upholds probity
in governance.
255 Corruption According to transparency U Sagayam “Corruption in
international, “Abuse of (IAS, TN cadre) India has wings
entrusted power for private – office rather than
gains.” signboard- wheels.”
Dishonest or unethical conduct “Reject Briber,
by a person entrusted with a hold your head “If you get 1 Rs
position of authority, often to high.” without
acquire personal gains. working , it
means
someone has
worked and
not got his 1
RS”- Swami
Vivekananda
256 Work Culture Set of shared values and beliefs Japanese work PM Modi in his
of an organization that culture is a Man ki baat-
manifests in the working of that strong work “Good work
organization. culture based culture is the
on guiding basis of good
PM Modi’s new business and morals and work.”
work culture will be defined on principles
new vowels. A-Adaptability, E- “Trust starts
Efficiency, I-Inclusivity, O- with
Opportunity, U-Universalism. trustworthy
leadership. It
must be built
into the
 corporate
culture.” –
BARBARA
BROOKS
KIMMEL
257 Citizen Charter “A citizen charter is a public
document that sets out basic
information on the services
provided, the standards of
services that customer can
expect from an organization
and how to make complaints or
suggestion for improvement” –
OECD
258 Ethical Dilemma It is a situation when a person Juvenile justice
has to choose between two vs Mercy; law
equally vs compassion;
desirable or undesirable development
options vs
environment;
ethics of capital
punishment;
organizational
duty vs public
responsibility
259 Conflict of Interest It happens when there is a Insider Trading
conflict between one’s primary – using your
interest and secondary knowledge
interests. One of the two about the
interests are bound to be company for
affected. personal gains
260 Good Governance Governance is defined as Gandhi’s Su-Raj
manner in which power is
exercised in management of a E governance
country, economic, human and initiatives such
social resources for as Government
development and maintenance E-Marketplace,
functions. When good is added Umang app etc.
as a prefix, a value dimension is leading to good
added which includes both governance by
means and ends oriented increasing
values in context of democracy, accessibility of
citizens, laws and morality. services
261 Responsibility It is the moral obligation of an Lal Bahadur
individual to behave with Shastri took
essence of commitment to the personal
duty responsibility
of a train
accident and
resigned as the
 railways
minister
262 Governance Governance according to the : Pallavi Baldev
World Bank is defined as “The (DC Theni
manner in which power is District, Kerala)
exercised in the management – received
of a country’s economic and Skoch award
social resources.” for water
conservation
through
traditional
methods.