2.
Circuit Diagram:
Circuit Diagram
3. Main Components and Their Connections:
1. Keypad (4x4 Matrix)
• This is a 16-key keypad used to enter digits and operations.
• It has 4 rows (R1-R4) and 4 columns (C1-C4):
o Rows (A–D) are connected to P1.4 to P1.7 of the microcontroller.
o Columns (1–4) are connected to P1.0 to P1.3.
• The microcontroller scans the rows and columns to detect which key is pressed.
2. Microcontroller – AT89C51
• 40-pin microcontroller from the 8051 family.
• Port 1 (P1.0 to P1.7): Used for interfacing with the keypad.
• Port 2 (P2.0 to P2.7): Used for interfacing with the LCD data lines (D0–D7).
• Port 3 (specifically P3.5, P3.6, and P3.7): Used to control LCD pins:
Dept of ECE, BIET, Davanagere 4|Page