1 Write a C program to illustrate that performing ‘n’ consecutive fork() system calls
generates a total of 2n – 1 child process. The program should prompt the user to
input value of ‘n’.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
int main() {
int n, i;
pid_t pid;
int child_processes = 0;
// Prompt the user to input the value of n
printf("Enter the number of fork calls (n): ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
pid = fork(); // Create a new process
if (pid == 0) {
// This is the child process
printf("Child process %d created with PID %d from parent PID %d\n", i + 1, getpid(),
getppid());
child_processes++;
} else if (pid > 0) {
// Parent process continues
break; // Parent process only forks once and then stops
} else {
// fork() failed
printf("Fork failed\n");
return 1;
}
}
// Parent waits for the child processes to finish
while (wait(NULL) > 0);
// Output the result
if (pid > 0) {
printf("Total number of child processes created: %d\n", (1 << n) - 1); // 2^n - 1
}
return 0;
2 Write a C program utilizing the fork() system call to generate the following
process hierarchy:
P1 -> P2 -> P3. The program should display the Process ID (PID) and Parent Process
IDs (PPID) for each process created.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid;
// P1: The parent process starts here
printf("P1: PID = %d, PPID = %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
// Create P2: Child of P1
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
// fork failed
printf("Fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (pid == 0) {
// P2: This is the child process of P1
printf("P2: PID = %d, PPID = %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
// Create P3: Child of P2
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
// fork failed
printf("Fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (pid == 0) {
// P3: This is the child process of P2
printf("P3: PID = %d, PPID = %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
} else {
// P2 waits for P3 to finish
wait(NULL);
}
} else {
// P1 waits for P2 to finish
wait(NULL);
}
return 0;
3 Write a C program to generate a process hierarchy as follows:
P1
/ \
P2 P3
/ \
P4 P6
|
P5
The program should create the specified process structure using the appropriate
sequence of fork() system calls. Print PID and PPID of each process.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid;
// P1: The parent process starts here
printf("P1: PID = %d, PPID = %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
// Create P2: Child of P1
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
// fork failed
printf("Fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (pid == 0) {
// P2: This is the child process of P1
printf("P2: PID = %d, PPID = %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
// Create P4: Child of P2
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
// fork failed
printf("Fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (pid == 0) {
// P4: This is the child process of P2
printf("P4: PID = %d, PPID = %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
// Create P5: Child of P4
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
// fork failed
printf("Fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (pid == 0) {
// P5: This is the child process of P4
printf("P5: PID = %d, PPID = %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
} else {
// P4 waits for P5 to finish
wait(NULL);
}
} else {
// P2 waits for P4 to finish
wait(NULL);
}
} else {
// Create P3: Another child of P1
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
// fork failed
printf("Fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (pid == 0) {
// P3: This is the second child process of P1
printf("P3: PID = %d, PPID = %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
// Create P6: Child of P3
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
// fork failed
printf("Fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (pid == 0) {
// P6: This is the child process of P3
printf("P6: PID = %d, PPID = %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
} else {
// P3 waits for P6 to finish
wait(NULL);
}
} else {
// P1 waits for both P2 and P3 to finish
wait(NULL);
wait(NULL);
}
}
return 0;
}
