Example: "If I'd known you needed money, I would have lent you some.

"
(In speaking, the "had" part of the past perfect is often contracted, as in
"If I'd known," "If we'd left earlier," etc.)

These two clauses can be inverted, and the "if" clause can sometimes be
implied, meaning you don't need to directly mention it in some third
conditional cases. Oh, and don't forget that you can add adverbs like
"probably" and "maybe" before "would have" and "could have" to make it
less certain.

If you'd had more free time yesterday, what would you have done?

If I'd had more free time yesterday, I would have / might have / could
have...

What is something that you might have bought if it had been cheaper?

If it had been cheaper, I might have bought...

If you had practiced it more, what is something you think you could've
been pretty good at?

If I had practiced more, I think I could've been pretty good at..

How would your life have been different if you had never started studying
English?

If I had never started studying English, I might (not) have / could (not)
have / would (not) have...

If you had woken up earlier this morning, what would you have done with
the extra time?

If I had woken up earlier this morning, I...

If you had accidentally broken your friend's phone, what would you have
said to them?

If you could've ordered any food you wanted as a kid, what would you
usually have ordered?
If you hadn't gone to your last vacation destination, where would you have
gone instead?

What would you have liked to do if you'd had one extra hour of free time
each day?

If you had been born 100 years earlier, how would your life have been
different?

If you had been in their shoes, what would you have done?

Just like the second conditional, you can use the third conditional for
advice. However, since the situation is already finished, you can only
imagine what you would've done if you had been in someone else's
position.

Imagine these scenarios and answer with "If I had been in his/her/their
shoes, I would've/might've..."

Your co-worker was in a car accident because they had drunk alcohol and
still decided to drive their car.

Your friend got sick because she went outside in the cold without wearing
a jacket.

Your dad yelled at and hit his boss, so he lost his job.

Your friend stayed with their boyfriend/girlfriend for six more months even
after they found out that their partner had cheated on them.

Your brother decided to go on an expensive vacation even though he owed

his credit card company a lot of money.

How would the world have been different if...?

Just like the second conditional can be used to consider present and future
possibilities, we can use the third conditional to consider possible pasts.
Think about the following questions carefully. How would the world
have been different if these things had happened or hadn't
happened?

How would the world have been different if...

 electricity had never been discovered?

 the internet had never been invented?

 cars hadn't been invented?

 Germany had won World War 2?

 airplanes had never been invented?

If it hadn't been for...

"If it hadn't been for" means "If this event/person/thing hadn't been a part
of my life, things would have been different." Another way to think of this
is to say "Without this event/person/thing." For example, "If it hadn't
been for you, I wouldn't have become interested in cinema." This
means "Without you, I wouldn't have become interested in
cinema." Finish the sentences.

If it hadn't been for my parents,...

If it hadn't been for my teachers,...

If it hadn't been for my friends,...

If it hadn't been for the internet,...

What would you have done if...? / Do you think you would've...? / If
you hadn't...

Visualize the following situations and answer them appropriately. Use your
imagination.
If you hadn't discovered that you really enjoy jogging, what other activity
do you think you would've started doing?

What would you have done if you hadn't had to go to school last week?

What would you have done if you had found out sooner that (your friend)
Jack had lied to you?

Do you think you would've done anything differently if you had known that
your decision would be this important?

What would you have done if the weather had been nicer last week?

If you'd had the chance,... / Do you wish you'd had the chance...

We can use the third conditional to talk about past regrets or things we
wish we had done differently. Sometimes, we did not have the resources
or opportunities to make things happen. In these cases, we can consider
what we would have done if we had had the chance or opportunity to do
something. Answer the questions below with your own ideas.

If you'd had the chance, would you have...

 traveled more when you were younger?

 moved to another city, town, village, or country?

 gone to a different school / college / university?

 signed up for more activities or classes? (Ex. music lessons, martial

arts, public speaking, etc.)

 spent more time on a particular interest? (Ex. swimming, art,

reading, etc.)

 gone to more parties?

It would've been nice if...

You can use "It would've been" + an adjective to express past regrets or
wishes. For example, "It would've been great if you'd been able to
attend my graduation." Complete the sentences below. Use the past
perfect after the "if" clause. If you're working with a speaking partner, take
turns.

 It would've been nice if...

 It would've been unfortunate if...

 It would've been great if...

 Things would've been different if...

 It would've been sad if...

Giving Reasons and Explanations for Past Decisions and/or Actions

Finish the answers with your own ideas.

Why didn't you call me last night? I was free.

If I had known you were free, I...

Hey, sorry to hear that you quit your job. Why didn't you stay?

Well, if they hadn't frozen my salary, I...

Why did you miss your dental appointment? It was at 8 a.m.

If I hadn't slept through my alarm, I... (to "sleep through one's alarm"
means to continue sleeping even though your alarm activated at its
programmed time)

I thought you really wanted that car. Why didn't you buy it?

The price after tax was just too much. If they had lowered the price a bit,
I...

Would you have done anything differently?

"Would you have done anything differently?" is one of the most

common third conditional questions. It is synonymous with "Do you wish
you had done anything differently?" Think about different moments
and events in your life. Looking back, would you have done anything
differently? Or, when you really think about it, would you say "I
wouldn't have changed a thing." Think about things like:

 past job decisions

 past relationship decisions

 past socializing decisions

 past purchase decisions

 past time management decisions

 past moving decisions

If you're satisfied with the decisions you made in the past, justify them by
using this structure: "If I had(n't) X, then I would(n't) have Y." For
example: "If I hadn't quit my old job, I wouldn't have met my wife."

Inverted Third Conditionals

You can make third conditionals more formal by changing "If you had" into
"Had you." For example, instead of saying "If you hadn't made that
decision, the company would have suffered," you can say "Had you not
made that decision, the company would have suffered." These are
called inverted conditionals. Answer the questions with this form.

Had you woken up earlier last Sunday, what would you have done?

Had I woken up earlier last Sunday, I...

Had you found this website earlier, how would it have affected your
English learning?

Had I found this website earlier,...

Had you known that sooner, would you have told me? (Imagine a scenario
for this one)

Had I known that sooner, I...

Had you been aware of the news, would you have made the same
decision? (Imagine a scenario)

Had I been aware of the news, I...

Had you known it was going to rain, would you have brought an umbrella?

Had I known it was going to rain, I...