Management is an art of getting things done through others.
Management consists of a series of interrelated
functions that are performed by all managers.
It is a Process to achieve goal effectively and
efficiently
(Intangible force)
Characteristics / features of Management
1.Goal oriented process
2. Continuous process
3. Group activity
4. Intangible
5. Dynamic
6. Pervasive
7. Multi-dimensional
a) management of work
b) management of people
c) management of operations
Management is a Goal oriented process:-
Management is a goal oriented process.
The aim of the whole management is to achieve the organisational goal. plans are
made to achieve that goal effectively and efficiently
• Sales Target 20%, Market share 80%,
• Sales Revenue increased by 20%
Management is a Continuous process:-
It is a continuous or never ending process. All the functions of management are
performed continuously. Once the objective is complete then they plan to achieve
another goal
Never ending, not one time task, ongoing process
Management is a Group activity:-
Management always refers to a group of people. Group effort is required
to achieve the goal. It replace “I” with ‘We” all the functions of
management can not be performed by an individual
Replace I with WE
Management is Intangible:-
Management can not be seen but its presence can be felt .
It is easier to feel the presence of mis management as it leads to chaos and
confusion.
No chaos, presence can be felt
Management is a Dynamic function:-
Management has to make changes in their internal environment as per external
environment. Such as social, economical, legal, political & technological
environment has great impact on our business
Accept changes
Management is Pervasive:-
Management is a universal phenomenon. Management is essential for all types of
organisation. A big or small, Profit or non profit making, manufacturing or service,
school or hospital, play ground or house, everywhere it requires.
Universal, use by whole world
Management is a multi- dimensional:-
a) Management of work:- Management must focus on their work only. work depends upon the nature of business.
Work of a school is provide education and a hospital is to treat patient. So school management must focus on
providing quality education not to treat patient.
i) Planning
ii) Organsing
iii) Controlling
b) Management of people:- People refers to human resources they are the most important assets of an
organisation. Management must take care of individual employees needs and group needs also. They goal of an
organisation can be achieved only with the support of Human Resources.
a) Staffing
b) Directing
c) Management of Operation:- It refers to all the activities of operating cycle.
It mixes management of work with management of people. It includes buying of inputs, converting them into semi-finished
goods, finished goods, maintain inventory, etc.
a) Production
b) Sales
c) Purchases
OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT
Organisational
Social objective Personal objective
objective
Objectives are the end result of an activity.
a) Organisational objective:- These objective related to growth and development of organisation. All the manager try to
reduce the cost and brings maximum profits in the organisation. These are
i) Survival:- It is the basic objective of every organisation that they want to stay in this competitive market for a long
period of time satisfying consumers.
ii) Profits:- Only survival is not sufficient, organisation also wants profits to run business smoothly generation profits
helps businessmen to take risk. Profits are also essential for survival, growth and expansion
iii) Growth:- Growth means expand their business activities the success of a business is also determined by growth and
development of business.
Organisational Survival – Try to remain in market in cut throat competition by covering cost
objectives Profit – Earning rate
(Key words) Growth – Opening new branch, adding more line of product, increasing scale of operations, all
activities of expansion and diversification.
b) Social objective:- These objectives area related to the development of human being and society as part of society a
businessman must do the following for society.
i) Supply of quality product at reasonable price
ii) Generation of employment opportunities for weaker section of the society
iii) Using environmental friendly methods of production
iv) Participating in social activity
v) Ethical code of conduct
vi) creating economic value for various constituents of society
Social objectives Any task or activity of organisation which brings benefit to society in general e.g. Save
(Key words) environment, quality product, etc.
c) Personal objective:- As we all that employees are the most important assets of an organization so taking care of
employee is an objective these are follow:
i) Competitive salary to fulfill financial needs of the employees
ii) Respect and Peer recognition
iii) Healthy working condition
iv) Personal Growth and development of workers
Personal Any task or activity of organisation for its employee’s welfare e.g. Training of employees,
objectives Competitive salary, opening creche and school for children of employees, etc.
Importance of management
Achieving Achieving
Development
organizational personal goal
and group goal
of society
goal
Creates a Increase
dynamic coordination
organization
Successful organisation do not achieve their goals by chance but by following a deliberate process called
management
A successful organisation which is amongst the top companies in India. It has risen to the top because of its
quality of management.
Importance of Management
1) It helps in achieving organizational goal:- The main aim of management is to achieve the organizational goal. With the
help of its functions management tries to achieve its goal efficiently and effectively.
2) Help in achieving personal and group goal:- Managers integrate individual efforts into group efforts with the help of
personal objectives management, each individual gets competitive salary, respect and career advancement opportunity.
3) Management creates a dynamic organization:- Managers are trying to make changes in internal environment as per
external environment. They motivate employees provide them training so that they can adopt changes in the environment.
(in an organisation resist change as it often means moving from a familiar, secure environment into a newer and more
challenging one)
4) Increases co-ordination:- Management ensures that different departments and group work in co-ordination therefore,
there is unity of action among employees groups and departments.
5) Management helps in development of society:- Through its social objectives management develops the society by
providing quality products at reasonable price and environment friendly products helps to protect environment
6) Management helps in Achieving Personal objectives:- Through motivation and leadership the management helps
individuals to develop team spirit, cooperation and commitment to group success.
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Nature of Management
Science ART PROFESSION
Use of logics, Use of theoretical knowledge in Specialised knowledge, use of
objectivity, cause personal way, regular practice, code of conduct, restricted
effect relationship Personalised Application and entry and professional
creativity associations
Management as a Science
Science can be defined as a systematic body of knowledge based on facts. Main features of science are as follows:
i) Systematic body of knowledge:- In science systematic study material is available which is used to acquire the
knowledge of science. The same features is present in management.
ii) Based on repeated experiment:- Scientific principles are developed by doing multiple experiments. Management
principles are also observed multiple times and human behavior is predicted. So this features is present in
management.
iii) Universal validity:- Scientific principles have universal validity. It means once the principle is developed it is applicable
forever. But management principles are not universal it depends upon the situation types of people etc so this
features of science is not present in management.
Management as an Art
Art can be defined as systematic body of knowledge which requires creativity and practice to get perfection
Main features of art are as follow.
i) Systematic body of knowledge:- In arts systematic study material is available to acquire theoretical knowledge. This
feature is present in management.
ii) Personalized application:- In arts only theoretical knowledge Is not enough. Every artist must have personal skills and
creativity to apply that knowledge in the same manner management requires personalized application of
management principles on different situation and on different kinds of people so this feature is also present in
management. (two dancers, two speakers, two actors, or two writers will always differ in demonstrating their art)
iii) Based on practice and creativity:- An artist has to do regular practice to become perfect. As we all know art is only
interesting when it make some creativity similarly in management it requires practice and creativity so this features of
Art present in management.
Management as a profession
Profession can be defined as an occupation backed by specialized knowledge and training in which entry is restricted.
Main feature of profession are as follow:
i) Systematic body of knowledge:- in profession study material is available to acquire specialised knowledge this
feature is also present in management.
ii) Restricted entry:- Without a professional degree no one can enter into profession e.g. a person can practice CA only
when he is having CA qualified degree. But in management any one can be a manager having proper management
skills so this features is not present in management
The entry to a profession is restricted through an examination
iii) Service motive:- Every professional motive is to serve their clients profit is not the primary objective but in case of
management this features is not present.
iv) Presence of professional association:- Every professionals has to get registered with his association before practicing
that profession. e.g. for doctors medical council of india, for lawyers Bar council of India, for CA ICAI, etc. but this
feature is not present in management.
PURE ART | BOTH ART & SCIENCE | INEXACT SCIENCE
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT & THEIR FUNCTIONS
TOP MIDDLE LOWER
who control overall Department head, unit head, division First line manager, Connect
organisation, Welfare of head, plant head, branch head, with actual work force,
organisation and maintaining region head. safety of workers
image of company, More focus
on planning, policy making, Doing Recruitment
arrange everything
Functions of Top-Level Management
• Top level management decides the objective of the organization
• Top level management formulates plans and policies
• Top level management arrange all the resources such as raw materials, finance and fixed assets
• Top level management is responsible for welfare and survival of the organization
• Top level management connects with government officials and outside the world
• Top level management organizing activities to be performed by persons working at middle level
Functions of Middle Level Management
• Transfer Plan and Policies framed by Top level management to lower level management
• Middle level management involves in Recruitment of employees
• Motivating employees to perform their best ability
• Middle level management co-operate with other departments for smooth functioning of the organization.
Functions of Lower Level/ operational level/ Supersorvisory of Management
• Representing the problems or grievances of workers before the middle level of management
• Maintaining good and healthy working conditions for workers
• Helps to middle level management in Recruitment process
• They are responsible for boosting morale of employees
• Lower-level management interact with the actual work force and pass on instruction of middle level
management
Functions of Management
Planning Staffing Controlling
Organising Directing
Difference between effectiveness and efficiency.
Basis Effectiveness Efficiency
Meaning It refers to completion of task on It refers to completion of task on
time minimum cost
Orientation Time oriented Cost oriented
Objective Achieve end result Reducing the cost
Main consideration Doing the right task Doing the task in right way
Note:- An organization must balance between effectiveness and efficiency.
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Coordination
Coordination is the integration of the efforts of group
members so as to provide unity of action to achieve
organizational goal
KEY WORDS
Quality of management / Remove chaos, Overlapping
and confusion/ ego satisfaction/ Synchronisation/
Binding force/ Essence of management/ unification,
integration of all the activities and department
COORDINATION IS THE ESSENCE OF MANAGEMENT
i) Coordination is needed to perform all the functions of management:- To achieve the organizational goal there must
be co-ordination in the function of management i.e. planning , organizing, staffing, directing, controlling. All the functions
of management is interrelated to each other misconception between any function of management leads to chaos and
confusion.
ii) Coordination is required at every level:- Top level management requires to integrate all the activities of organization.
Middle level management is a link pin between top and lower level so it requires co-coordination to transfer plan and
policies to lower-level management even lower-level management has to co-ordinate with employees.
iii) Co-ordination is the most important function of an orgnisation without coordination an organization can’t run
successfully for a long period of time all other functions will not work properly in the absence of coordination
Nature/ features of coordination
1. Coordination integrates group efforts:- These various individuals working at different level of the organization, coming
from different background having different sense of understanding with their individual goal coordination helps to
integrate the group efforts to achievement of organizational goal.
2. Coordination is a continuous process:- Every individual in the organization must follow the coordination process
continuously then only an organization can successfully run
3. Coordination is a pervasive function:- similar to management coordination is a universal phenomenon it is required at
every level and every function of management coordination is required in profit as well as non profit organization
4. coordination is a deliberate function:- Every manager tries to coordinate the activities of organization to avoid chaos
and confusion so manager deliberate perform coordination function
5. Coordination is the responsibility of all managers:- Coordination is the responsibility of every individual in the
organization it is not restricted up to top-level is deliberately performed by each an every employee so that there is no
confusion in achievement of organizational goal.
Importance of coordination
a) Growth in size:- Role of co-ordination increase when size of the organization is large. In large organization it is very
difficult to take all the employees with harmony towards a single direction so co-ordination requires to bring unity in
action.
b) Functional differentiation:- An organization has many department or section performing different functions all
these functions are important for achieving the overall goals of the organization therefore coordination is essential
for integrating the functions
c) Specialization:- In an organization there are various experts at various department and they feel that they are only
the qualified people and they always take right decision if all expert work in their own way it will result chaos and
confusion so coordination is required so that all expert or specialized people moves towards a common goal
without any ego and confusion
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