W

BC
SQ
U
ES
T
 1

Topics Pages

Summits and Conferences 2-7

Ranks and Reports 8-9

Books and Authors 10-12

Appointments 13-23

Obituaries 24-28

Awards and Honours 29-48

Games and Sports 49-63

Indian Economy 64-86

T
States Current Affairs
ES 87-112

∆ Govt. Schemes
U
∆ Infrastructure Projects
SQ

∆ First in India
∆ GI tags etc.
BC

Ecology and Environment 113-126

Science and Technology 127-134

W

Defence 134-142

International News(Oneliners) 143-150

Days and Themes 150-153

300+ Suggestive C.A MCQs 154-185

Any unfair use, copy, reproduction, exploitation, display, alteration of this

E-book or any of its contents for any purpose is strictly prohibited and shall
be considered an infringement under section 107 of Copyright Act
1976,unless prior written consent has been obtained from the author.
 2

Summits and Conferences 2024-25

💭 WBCSQUEST 2.O
Summit Host/Organiser Venue Theme

G20 Summit 2024 Brazil Rio de Janeiro1 Building a Just World

and a Sustainable
Planet.

46th ASEAN Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Inclusivity and

Summit 2025 Sustainability.

6th BIMSTEC Thailand Bangkok Prosperous, Resilient,

Summit 2025 and Open BIMSTEC2.

T
BIMSTEC Youth Department of Gandhinagar,
ES Youth as a Bridge for
Summit 2025 Youth Affairs, Gujarat Intra-BIMSTEC
Ministry of Youth Exchange.
Affairs & Sports
U

UN Climate Azerbaijan Baku Investing in a Livable

SQ

Change Planet for All.

Conference 2024
(COP 29)
BC

World United Arab Dubai Shaping Future

Government Emirates (UAE) Governments.
Summit (WGS)
W

2025

AI Action Summit
2025
France and India Paris 💭 5 major themes: —
i.Public Service AI
ii.Future of Work
iii.Innovation and
Culture
iv.Trust in AI
v.Global Governance

1
Rio de Janeiro Declaration: It focuses on — i)global governance reform,
ii)social inclusion and fight against hunger, iii)sustainability and climate change, iv)global
trade,v)Global Food and Energy Security,vi)Artificial Intelligence and vii)Middle East Conflict.

2
BIMSTEC Bangkok Vision 2030: First-ever vision outlining a strategic plan to build a
Prosperous, Resilient and Open or “PRO BIMSTEC” by 2030 focusing on economic
integration, connectivity, and human promoting openness.
 3

8th Indian Ocean India Foundation Muscat Voyages to New

Conference 2025 in association Horizons of Maritime
with the Ministry Partnership.
of Foreign
Affairs of Oman

World Sustainable The Energy and New Delhi, Partnerships for

Development Resources India Accelerating
Summit 2025 Institute (TERI)3 Sustainable
Development and
Climate Solutions.

WAVES 2025 — India Jio World Connecting Creators,

India's first World Convention Connecting Countries.
Audio Visual Centre in
Entertainment Mumbai

T
Summit

69th session of UN Economic

ES
New York Accelerating Gender
the Commission and Social Equality and
on the Status of Council Empowerment of
U
Women (CSW69) (ECOSOC) Women and Girls.4
2025
SQ

International All India Spices Leela Bhartiya Building Trust Beyond

Spice Conference Exporters Forum City, Bengaluru Borders.
BC

(ISC) 2025 (AISEF)

STREE Summit Hyderabad City Hyderabad Accelerate Action for

2025 Security Council Women Empowerment.
W

(HCSC)

World Bank Land World Bank Washington Securing Land Tenure

Conference 2025 Group D.C and Access for Climate
Action: Moving from
Awareness of Action.

9th Asia Economic Ministry of Pune, Economic Resilience

Dialogue 2025 External Affairs Maharashtra and Resurgence in an

3
TERI(HQ:New Delhi), formerly known as the Tata Energy Research Institute, was
founded in 1974 to conduct research, policy development, consultancy, and implementation
related to environmental, energy, and sustainable development issues. As compared to
2005, India cut down its GHG emission intensity of GDP by 36% in 2020. In 2020,
India's total GHG emissions decreased by 7.93 per cent with respect to 2019.

4
Beijing+30: It refers to the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for
Action, a landmark document covering 12 critical areas of concern,adopted at the Fourth
World Conference on Women in 1995.
 4

and the Pune Era of Fragmentation.

International
Centre.

Prakriti Bureau of New Delhi Promoting Resilience,

Conference 2025 Energy Awareness, Knowledge,
Efficiency (BEE), and Resources for
Ministry of Integrating
Power Transformational
Initiatives.

Global Ministry of New Delhi Sambhavna – meaning

Technology External Affairs possibilities.
Summit 2025 and Carnegie
India

3rd National Union Ministry of Konark, Vikasit Bharat 2047.

Mining Ministers' Mines in Odisha

T
Conference 2025 collaboration
with the Odisha ES
state
government
U
Raisina Dialogue Observer Taj Palace Kālachakra: People,
20255 Research Hotel in Peace and Planet.
SQ

Foundation Diplomatic
(ORF) and the Enclave, New
Ministry of Delhi
BC

External Affairs

4th UK-India Ministry of New Delhi Advancing India’s

Energy Dialogue Power, India, Energy Transition.
W

2025 and the UK's

Department for
Energy Security
and Net Zero

World Maritime Institute of Chennai, India Global Shipping – A

Technology Marine Battle for Survival or a
Conference Engineers Torchbearer of Hope?
(WMTC) 2024

5
Launched in 2016 by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA),The Raisina Dialogue is
India’s premier conference on geopolitics and geoeconomics committed to addressing
the most challenging issues facing the global community.It is named after Raisina Hill in New
Delhi, where key Indian government buildings, including the Prime Minister’s Office, are
located.

The Prime Minister of New Zealand,Christopher Luxon is the Chief Guest of Raisina
Dialogue 2025.
 5

Global Soils Indian Society of New Delhi Caring Soils Beyond

Conference 2024 Soil Science Food Security: Climate
Change mitigation and
Ecosystem Services.

12th Regional 3R India Rajasthan Realizing Circular

and Circular International Societies Towards
Economy Forum Centre in Achieving SDGs and
in Asia and the Jaipur Carbon Neutrality in
Pacific Asia-Pacific6.

10th World World Ayurveda Dehradun Digital Health: An

Ayurveda Foundation Ayurveda Perspective.
Congress (WAC
2024) and Arogya
Expo

Global Indian Farmers New Delhi Cooperatives Build

Cooperative

T
Fertiliser Prosperity for All.
Conference 2024 Cooperative ES
Limited (IFFCO),
in collaboration
with ICA
U

Conclave on International Namsai, Buddha Dhamma and

SQ

Buddhism Buddhist Arunachal the Culture of Northeast

Confederation Pradesh India.
(IBC)
BC

and Ministry of
Culture

First Asian Ministry of New Delhi Role of Buddha

W

Buddhist Summit Culture, Dhamma in

Government of Strengthening Asia.
India

Waste Recycling Recycling and New Delhi Industry-wide adoption

and Climate Environment of Circular Approaches
Change 2025 Industries for Sustainable Growth
Conclave Association of and Resource Efficiency.
India (REIAI)

83rd Annual Indian Academy Raipur, Sustainable Road

Session of the of Highway Chhattisgarh Infrastructure for Future
Indian Road Engineers India.

6
Jaipur Declaration:The forum concluded with the unanimous adoption of the Jaipur
Declaration, which sets a roadmap for Asia-Pacific nations to achieve a circular economy by
2035. The forum also announced the launch of the Cities Coalition for Circularity (C-3), a
multi-nation alliance for city-to-city collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and private sector
partnerships.
 6

Congress

Global Inclusive ACCESS New Delhi Advancing Financial

Finance Summit Development Inclusion.
2024 Services

Entrepreneurship Department of Pune, Empowering

Development Animal Maharashtra Entrepreneurs:
Conclave Husbandry and Transforming Livestock
Dairying Economies.

Fourth Global Government of Marrakech, Commit to Life.

Ministerial Morocco and the Morocco
Conference on World Health
Road Safety Organization

Sourcex India Federation of New Delhi To Become a Global

2025 Indian Export Brand.
Organisations

T
(FIEO) and ES
Ministry of
Commerce &
Industry
U

Save Earth Indian Chamber New Delhi Bamboo for a Resilient

SQ

Conclave 2025 of Food and Future.

Agriculture
(ICFA) and The
BC

Phoenix
Foundation
Sanstha.
W

National National Green Vigyan

Conference on Tribunal (NGT) Bhawan, New
'Environment – Delhi
2025’

Inclusive India Department of India

Summit 2025 Empowerment of International
Persons with Centre in New
Disabilities Delhi
(DEPwD)

Water Bureau of Water NDMC

Sustainability Use Efficiency Convention
Conference 2025 under the Centre, New
Ministry of Jal Delhi.
Shakti
 7

💭 Summits and Venues of Key International Organisations

Organisations Headquarters Latest Summits Upcoming Summit

ASEAN— Jakarta, 2024-Laos 2026-Philippines

Association of Indonesia 2025-Malaysia
Southeast Asian
Nations

T
BIMSTEC — Bay Dhaka, 2025- Thailand To Be Decided
of Bengal Initiative Bangladesh
ES
for Multi-Sectoral
Technical and
Economic
U
Cooperation
SQ

BRICS No formal HQ 2024-Kazan, Russia 2026- China

2025-Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
BC

G7 No formal HQ 2024-Apulia, Italy 2025- Kananaskis,

Canada
W

G20 No formal HQ 2023- India 2025-South Africa

2024- Brazil

QUAD — No formal HQ 2024-USA 2025-India

Quadrilateral
Security Dialogue

NATO — North Brussels, 2024-Washington DC 2025-Netherlands

Atlantic Treaty Belgium
Organization

SCO — Shanghai Beijing,China 2024-Kazakhstan 2025-China

Cooperation
Organization

United Nations Bonn, 2023: COP 28 - Dubai 2025:COP 30- Brazil

Climate Change Germany 2024: COP 29- Baku
Conference
 8

(COP)

WTO — World Geneva, 2024-UAE 2026-Cameroon

Trade Switzerland
Organization

Ranks and Reports 2024-25

Index Published By India’s Rank Top Country

Human Development United Nations 130 1.Iceland

Index 2025 Development 2.Norway
Programme (UNDP) 3.Switzerland

World Press Freedom Reporters Without 151 1.Norway

T
Index 2025 Borders (RSF) ES 2.Estonia
3.Netherlands

World Happiness Wellbeing Research 118 Finland

Report 2025 Centre
U
SQ

Global Hunger Index Concern Worldwide 105 Belarus

(GHI) 2024 and Welthungerhilfe

Climate Change Germanwatch, New 10 Denmark (4th)

BC

Performance Index Climate Institute, and

2025 Climate Action
Network International
W

Climate Risk Index Germanwatch 6 Dominica

(CRI) 2025

Global Innovation World Intellectual 39 Switzerland

Index 2024 Property Organization
(WIPO)

Henley Passport International Air 85 Singapore

Index 2025 Transport Authority
(IATA) *80 — 2024

Gender Inequality UNDP 102 Sweden

Index 2025

Ease of Doing World Bank 63 New Zealand

Business Index 2025

Global Peace Index Institute for 116 Iceland

2024 Economics and Peace
 9

(IEP)

Global Gender Gap WEF 129 1.Iceland

Index 2024 2.Finland
3.Norway

Global Free Speech Future of Free Speech 24 Norway

Index 2025

International U.S. Chamber of 42 Singapore

Intellectual Property Commerce
Index 2025

Global Terrorism Institute for 14 Burkina Faso

Index (GTI) 2025 Economics and Peace
(IEP)

Corruption Transparency 96 Denmark

Perceptions Index International

T
(CPI) 2024 ES
Global World Economic 39 Singapore
Competitiveness Forum (WEF)
U
Index (GCI) 2024
SQ

Global Firepower Global Firepower 4 US

Index 2025

Network Readiness UNCTAD 36

BC

Index 2025

Travel and Tourism World Economic 39 Singapore

W

Development Index Forum

Energy Transition World Economic 63 Sweden

Index 2024 Forum

AI Preparedness IMF 72 Singapore

Index 2024

Network Readiness Portulans Institute 49 USA

Index 2024

Rule of Law Index World Justice Project 79 Denmark

2024

Sustainable Sustainable 109 Finland

Development Index Development
2024 Solutions Network
(SDSN) and the SDG
Transformation Center
 10

World Talent Ranking International Institute for 58th Switzerland

2024 Management
Development (IMD)

Books and Authors Nov'24-April 25

BOOKS AUTHORS

T
Original Sin: President Biden’s Decline, Its ES Jake Tapper and Alex Thompson
Cover-Up, and His Disastrous Choice to
Run Again
U
Janta Ki Kahani – Meri Aatamkatha Bandaru Dattatraya
SQ

PMO: Prime Minister’s Office Through the Himanshu Roy

Years
BC

Ramanujan: Journey of a Great Arun Singhal and Devendra Kumar

Mathematician Sharma
W

The Kashmir Shawl Rosie Thomas

Careless People Sarah Wynn-Williams

The India I Saw S. Ambujammal

What the Wild Sea Can Be Helen Scales

Raising Hare Chloe Dalton

Soumitra Chatterjee and His World Sanghamitra Chakraborty

(Vintage)

A Thousand Threads Neneh Cherry

The Story of A Heart Rachel Clarke

Private Revolutions Yuan Yang

Agent Zo: The Untold Story of a Fearless Clare Mulley

 11

World War II Resistance Fighter

The Great Conciliator: Lal Bahadur Shastri Sanjeev Chopra

and the Transformation of India

Stumped Syed Kirmani, Debashish Sengupta

March of Glory K. Arumugam and Errol D’Cruz

Diyasalai Kailash Satyarthi

Life on Mars Namita Gokhale

The New Icon Arun Shourie

I Am a Soldier’s Wife: The Life and Love of Geetika Lidder

Toni Lidder

The World After Gaza Pankaj Mishra

T
Parliament: Powers, Functions & ES K.S. Chauhan
Privileges; A Comparative Constitutional
Perspective
U
BRING IT ON: The Incredible Story of My Deepa Malik
Life
SQ

Dalai Lama’s Secret to Happiness Dinesh Shahra

My Beloved Life Amitava Kumar

BC

Tipu Sultan: The Saga of the Mysore Vikram Sampath

Interregnum
W

Beyond the Higgs Boson: The W Boson Manik Kotwal

and Dr. Ashutosh Kotwal’s Quest for the
Unknown

Chhaunk: On Food, Economics, and Abhijit Banerjer

Society

Why Bharat Matters S.Jaishankar

Friends – India’s Closest Strategic Sreeram Chaulia

Partners

Because of This: A History of the Indo-Pak Vikram Singh

Air War December 1971

Silent Weapons, Deadly Secrets Mrinmoyee Bhusan

Maa-Mother Davendra Kumar Dhodawat

 12

Why the Heck Not? Kushal Pal Singh and Aparna Jain

The Diary of a Cricketer’s Wife Puja Pujara

Ed Finds a Home Alia Bhatt

A Fly on the RBI Wall Alpana Killawala

Source Code Bill Gates

T
ES
U
SQ
BC
W
W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
13
 14

Important Appointments

Designation Person

52nd Chief Justice of India Justice B R Gavai

Chairman,SEBI Tuhin Kanta Pandey

Comptroller and Auditor General of India K Sanjay Murthy

Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar

Chief Executive Officer of NITI Aayog B.V.R. Subrahmanyam

Chairman,ISRO Dr. V. Narayanan

Chairperson of the 23rd Law Commission of Justice (Retd.) Dinesh Maheshwari

T
India ES
Country’s first woman law secretary Anju Rathi Rana

Finance Secretary of India Ajay Seth

U
SQ

Secretary, Department of Revenue, Ministry of Arvind Shrivastava

Finance

Secretary, Department of Expenditure, Vumlunmang Vualnam

BC

Ministry of Finance

Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable Santosh Kumar Sarangi

W

Energy

Secretary, Ministry of Civil Aviation Samir Kumar Sinha

Secretary, Ministry of Culture Vivek Aggarwal

Chairman of the Bar Council of India Manan Kumar Mishra

Chief Minister of Delhi Rekha Gupta

Chairperson,National Human Rights Justice V Ramasubramanian

Commission (NHRC)

Chairperson,Competition Commission of India Ravneet Kaur

Chief Economic Advisor (CEA) of India V Anantha Nageswaran

Chairperson of the Pension Fund Regulatory Sivasubramanian Ramann

and Development Authority (PFRDA)

RBI Deputy Governor T. Rabi Sankar

 15

Chairman of the revamped National Security Alok Joshi

Advisory Board

Chief Executive, Indian Bank Association Atul Kumar Goel

Secretary General of ASSOCHAM Manish Singhal

Director of the Indian Agricultural Research Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao

Institute

Secretary General of the Indian Ocean Rim Sanjiv Ranjan

Association

Prime Minister,UK Keir Starmer

Prime Minister,France François Bayrou

Prime Minister,Serbia Duro Macut

T
Prime Minister ,Trinidad and Tobago Kamla Persad-Bissessar

Prime Minister,Canada
ES Mark Carney

Prime Minister,Belgium Bart De Wever

U

Prime Minister, Netherlands Dick Schoof

SQ

Prime Minister,Thailand Paetongtarn Shinawatra

Prime Minister,Iceland Kristrún Frostadóttir

BC

Prime Minister,Japan Shigeru Ishiba

W

President,Mexico Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo

President,US Donald Trump

President, Uruguay Yamandú Orsi

President, Greece Konstantinos Tasoulas

President,Ghana John Mahama

President, Lebanon Joseph Aoun

President,Namibia Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah

President,Georgia Mikheil Kavelashvil

Chancellor,Germany Friedrich Merz

Private Secretary to Prime Minister Narendra Nidhi Tiwari

Modi
 16

Principal Secretary-2 to Prime Minister Shaktikanta Das

Narendra Modi

SoBo Mumbai Falcons brand ambassador Kapil Dev

MD and CEO of IndusInd Bank Sumant Kathpalia

Secretary General of Interpol at the Valdecy Urquiza

organization’s
92nd General Assembly, held in Glasgow,
Scotland, from November 4 to 7, 2024

9th Director of FBI Kash Patel

Member of the UPSC Ms. Sujata Chaturvedi

Brand Ambassador for FICCI Frames 25th Ayushmann Khurrana

Anniversary Edition

T
Chief Electoral Officer,Bihar ES Vinod Kumar Gunjiyal

Speaker of the Delhi Legislative Assembly Vijender Gupta

Chairman of Tata Communications N Ganapathy Subramaniam

U
SQ

Executive Director of Reliance Industries Ltd Anant Ambani

First Indian Brand Ambassador for Dream Kriti Sanon

Technology
BC

President of the International Centre of Films Jitendra Mishra

for Children and Young People (CIFEJ) for the
W

2025–2027 term

First-ever Indian brand ambassador for the Ananya Panday

iconic French luxury house, Chanel.

Chairperson of the Athletes Commission of Saikhom Mirabai Chanu

the Indian Weightlifting Federation (IWLF)

Deputy Chief Information Officer (CIO), Viral Davda

Bombay Stock Exchange

Chief Justice of the Jammu and Kashmir and Justice Arun Palli
Ladakh High Court

Asian Cricket Council (ACC) president Mohsin Naqvi

Executive Director – Growth at the National Sohini Rajola

Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)

Managing Director (MD) & Chief Executive Salila Pande

 17

Officer (CEO) , SBI Cards and Payment

Services (SBI Card)

Chief Justice of Orissa High Court Justice Harish Tandon

Brand Ambassador, Gobibo Rishabh Pant

Joint Secretary (Director level) in UPSC Anuj Kumar Singh

Chancellor,NIIT University Shri Amitabh Kant

First female and first African president , Kirsty Coventry

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

Executive Director,RBI Indranil Bhattacharyya

Goodwill Ambassador of VISION 2020 India Krishnamachari Srikkanth

managing Director and CEO, BAJAJ AUTO Rajiv Bajaj

T
Brand Ambassador,Skechers ESJasprit Bumrah

'Fit India Icon' by Union Sports Minister Ayushmann Khurrana

Mansukh Mandaviya
U

CEO,Intel Lip-Bu Tan

SQ

President and CEO,Honda cars India limited Takashi Nakajima

Judge of the Supreme Court of India Justice Joymalya Bagchi

BC

Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Vikas Kaushal

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
W

Controller General of Defence Accounts Dr. Mayank Sharma

(CGDA)

Global Ambassador, Levi's Diljit Dosanjh

CFO,Unilever Fernando Fernandez

Director, Institute of Economic Growth (IEG) Sabyasachi Kar

Chief Executive Officer, Standard Chartered Prabdev (P.D.) Singh

Director in the Ministry of Steel Maimun Alam

CEO,Nokia Justin Hotard

CEO, Maruti Suzuki India Limited Hisashi Takeuchi

CEO, Zoho corp Shailesh Kumar Davey

Ambassador to Israel Jitender Pal Singh

 18

Additional Director General, BSF Mahesh Kumar Aggarwal

Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court Justice Alok Aradhe

President of the Athletics Federation of India Bahadur Singh Sagoo

(AFI)

Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya

Secretary General of the Indian Ocean Rim Shri Sanjiv Ranjan

Association (IORA)

Director General of the CRPF Gyanendra Pratap Singh

Ombudsman and Ethics Officer, BCCI Arun Mishra

Secretary of the Department of Higher Vineet Joshi

Education in the Ministry of Education

T
Secretary, Department of Investment and Arunish Chawla
Public Asset Management (DIPAM)
ES
Secretary of the Department of Space and V. Narayanan
Chairman of ISRO
U

CEO of the Delhi Waqf Board Azimul Haque

SQ

Director-General (DG) of the Directorate Faiz Ahmed Kidwai

General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
BC

Secretary General, ASSOCHAM Manish Singhal

CEO, UIDAI Bhuvnesh Kumar

W

Chairperson,NABL Dr. Sandip Shah

Chief Justice, Himachal Pradesh High Court Justice GS Sandhawalia

Chief Justice, Uttarakhand High Court Justice G Narendar

Revenue Secretary in the Ministry of Finance Arunish Chawla

Governor,Manipur Ajay Kumar Bhalla

Governor, Bihar Arif Mohammed Khan

Governor, Kerala Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar

Governor, Odisha Hari Babu Kambhampati

Governor, Mizoram General (Dr.) V.K. Singh

Brand Ambassador, Kho Kho World Cup Salman Khan

 19

Nepal’s Ambassador to India Dr. Shankar Prasad Sharma

Country Manager and Vice President , Google Preeti Lobana

India

Brand Ambassador, Eurogrip Tyres M.S Dhoni

Chief of BrahMos Aerospace Dr. Jaiteerth Raghavendra Joshi

India’s Ambassador to Brazil Shri Dinesh Bhatia

High Commissioner of India to the Republic of G. Balasubramanian

Maldives

Festival ambassador for the Arunachal Rang Pankaj Tripathi

Mahotsav 2024

Mentor for Women's Cricket Operations by the Mithali Raj

Andhra Cricket Association (ACA)

T
chairman of Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) Arvindar Singh Sahney
ES
Brand Ambassador and Honorary Tourism Sonu Sood
Advisor for Thailand.
U

President-Elect of the Federation of Indian Harsha Vardhan Agarwal

SQ

Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)

Whole-time member (life) of the Insurance Swaminathan S. Iyer

BC

Regulatory and Development Authority of

India (IRDAI)

Chairman, The Indian Banks Association (IBA) Challa Sreenivasalu Setty

W

L&T,Brand Ambassador Jasprit Bumrah

Additional Director and Whole-Time Director, Sunil Kakkar

designated as Director (Corporate Planning),
Maruti Suzuki
W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
20
W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
21
 22

Current Governors and CMs of Indian States

States Current CM Governor

Andhra Pradesh Shri N. Chandrababu Naidu S. Abdul Nazeer

Arunachal Pradesh Shri Pema Khandu Lt. General Kaiwalya Trivikram

Parnaik

Assam Shri Himanta Biswa Sarma Lakshman Prasad Acharya

Bihar Shri Nitish Kumar Arif Mohammed Khan

Chhattisgarh Shri Vishnu Dev Sai Ramen Deka

Goa Shri Pramod Sawant PS Sreedharan Pillai

Gujarat Bhupendrabhai Patel Acharaya Devvrat

Haryana Nayab Singh Saini Bandaru Dattatreya

T
Himachal Pradesh Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
ES Shiv Pratap Shukla

Jharkhand Shri Hemant Soren Santosh Kumar Gangwar

U
Karnataka Siddaramaiah Thawar Chand Gehlot
SQ

Kerala Shri Pinarayi Vijayan Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar

Madhya Pradesh Shri Mohan Yadav Mangubhai Chaganbhai Patel

BC

Maharashtra Devendra Fadnavis C.P. Radhakrishnan

Manipur Shri Nongthombam Biren Singh Ajay Kumar Bhalla

W

Meghalaya Shri Conrad Kongkal Sangma C H Vijayashankar

Mizoram Lalduhoma V.K Singh

Nagaland Shri Neiphiu Rio La Ganesan

Odisha Shri Mohan Charan Majhi Hari Babu Kambhampati

Punjab Shri Bhagwant Singh Gulab Chand Kataria

Rajasthan Shri Bhajan Lal Sharma Haribhau Kisanrao Bagade

Sikkim Shri Prem Singh Tamang Om Prakash Mathur

Tamil Nadu Shri M. K. Stalin R.N. Ravi

Telangana Revanth Reddy Jishnu Dev Varma

Tripura Shri Manik Saha Indrasena Reddy Nallu

Uttar Pradesh Shri Yogi Aditya Nath Anandiben Patel

 23

Uttarakhand Shri Pushkar Singh Dhami Gurmit Singh

West Bengal Mamata Banerjee C.V. Ananda Bose

Head of Some International Organisations

Important Organisation Headquarters Head

World Bank Washington, DC, USA Ajay Banga

International Monetary Fund (IMF) Washington, DC, USA Kristalina Georgieva

(MD)

United Nations Environment Nairobi, Kenya Inger Andersen

Programme (UNEP) (Executive director)

T
United Nations Children’s Fund New York City, USA
ES Catherine M. Russell
(UNICEF)

World Food Programme (WFP) Rome, Italy Cindy McCain

U
Food and Agriculture Organisation Rome, Italy Qu Dongyu
SQ

(FAO) (Director General)

International Labour Organisation Geneva, Switzerland Gilbert Houngbo

(ILO) (Director General)
BC

International Maritime Organisation London, United Kingdom Arsenio Dominguez

(IMO) (Secretary General)
W

United Nations Educational, Paris, France Audrey Azoulay

Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Director General)
(UNESCO)

World Health Organisation (WHO) Geneva, Switzerland Tedros Adhanom

(Director General)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Washington, DC, USA Mark Rutte (Secretary
(NATO) General)

South Asian Association for Regional Kathmandu, Nepal Golam Sarwar

Cooperation (SAARC) (Secretary General)

World Meteorological Organisation Geneva, Switzerland AbdullaAl Mandous

(WMO) (President)

World Intellectual Property Geneva, Switzerland Daren Tang

Organisation (WIPO) (Director General)

World Trade Organisation (WTO) Geneva, Switzerland Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala

(Director General)
 24

International Trade Centre (ITC) Geneva, Switzerland Pamela Coke-Hamilton

(Executive Director)

Organization of the Petroleum Vienna, Austria Haitham al-Ghais

Exporting Countries (OPEC) (Secretary General)

Organization of the Islamic Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Hissein Brahim Taha

Conference (OIC) (Secretary General)

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Queenstown, Singapore Lee Ju-ho (Chairperson)

(APEC)

Asian Development Bank (ADB) Mandaluyong, Philippines Masato Kanda

(President)

Association of Southeast Asian Jakarta, Indonesia Kao Kim Hourn

Nations (ASEAN) (Secretary General)

Bank for International Settlements Basel, Switzerland Agustin Carstens

(BIS) (General Manager)

T
International Chamber of Commerce Paris, France
ES Jay Shah (Chairman)
(ICC)

International Finance Corporation Washington, DC, USA Makhtar Diop (Managing

U
(IFC) Director)
SQ

International Labour Organization Geneva, Switzerland Gilbert Houngbo

(ILO) (Director General)

International Olympic Committee Lausanne, Switzerland Thomas Bach

BC

(IOC) (President)

International Civil Aviation Montreal, Canada Juan Carlos Salazar

Organization (ICAO) Gómez (Secretary
W

General)

World Economic Forum (WEF) Cologny, Switzerland Peter

Brabeck-Letmathe
(Chairman)
 25

Obituaries 2025

Persons Fields

Luis Galván Football player of Argentina

K.V Rabia Remarkable social worker and activist from

Kerala

Dr. Mathew Kalarickal India’s pioneer of Angioplasty

Vishnu Prasad Versatile Malayam actor

Shaji N Karun A legendary filmmaker from Malayam cinema

Dr. K. Kasturirangan Former ISRO Chairman and visionary scientist

Pope Francis First Latin American and Jesuit pope in history

T
Mario Vargas Llosa A prominent Peruvian writer
ES
Jean Marsh a legendary figure in British television, best
known for her Emmy-winning portrayal of Mrs.
U
Rose Buck in the acclaimed drama Upstairs,
SQ

Downstairs

Kumudini Lakhia Renowned Kathak pioneer

BC

Daripalli Ramaiah (Vanajeevi) A dedicated environmentalist and Padma Shri

awardee
W

Dadi Ratan Mohini The centenarian spiritual head of the Brahma

Kumaris

Ram Sahay Pandey An iconic torchbearer of Rai folk dance and

recipient of the Padma Shri

Ravikumar Veteran Actor in Malayalam and Tamil Films

Manoj Kumar Legendary Bollywood actor Manoj Kumar

Val Kilmer Renowned American actor, known for his

memorable performances in films like Top Gun,
The Doors, Tombstone, and Batman Forever

Richard Chamberlain An iconic television and film actor best known

for his role in Dr. Kildare and his reign as the
"king of the miniseries
 26

George Foreman American boxing legend, renowned for his

remarkable comeback in the boxing world and
his successful career as a businessman

Dr. Senkalong (Senka) Yaden an esteemed Naga scientist and academician

Dr. Debendra Pradhan Veteran BJP leader and former Union Minister

Ramakanta Rath Legendary Odia poet and former bureaucrat

Bindu Ghosh Veteran Tamil Actor-Comedian

Arvind Singh Mewar The descendant of Maharana Pratap and

chairman of the HRH Group of Hotels

Fred Stolle A tennis legend, Australia

Ron Draper he oldest surviving Test cricketer, South Africa

T
Himmat Shah a famous Indian artist known for his sculptures
ES
and modern art

Boris Spassky Russian chess grandmaster

U
SQ

Gene Hackman Oscar-winning Hollywood actor

Mayadhar Raut Legendary Odissi maestro

BC

C Krishnaveni The renowned Telugu actor and producer

Pratul Mukhopadhyay Renowned Bengali vocalist, composer, and

W

lyricist

Sukri Bommagowda Padma Shri awardee, he renowned folk singer of

Karnataka’s Halakki Vokkaliga community

Gyalo Thondup The elder brother of the Dalai Lama and a key
figure in Tibetan politics

Acharya Satyendra Das The chief priest of the revered Shri Ram
Janmabhoomi Temple in Ayodhya

Shyam Benegal The maestro of Indian Parallel cinema

Sam Nujoma Namibia’s first president and a key figure in its

independence movement. Revered as the "Father
of the Nation"

Brian Murphy Veteran British actor

 27

Aga Khan the spiritual leader of millions of Ismaili Muslims

worldwide and a prominent philanthropist

Horst Köhler Former German President

Navin Chawla The former Chief Election Commissioner (CEC)

of India

Greg Bell the oldest living Olympic gold medallist in

athletics

Latika Katt one of India’s most prolific and celebrated

sculptors

Narendra Chapalgaonkar a former judge of the Bombay High Court and a

renowned author

Denis Law the iconic Manchester United and Scotland

T
striker ES
David Lynch the legendary Hollywood director and writer
U
P. Jayachandran Beloved as "Bhava Gayakan," was a renowned
playback singer whose voice conveyed deep
SQ

emotions such as love, devotion, and longing

Pritish Nandy Veteran journalist, filmmaker, poet, and former

BC

Rajya Sabha member

Costas Simitis the former Greek Prime Minister (1996-2004)

W

and leader of the Panhellenic Socialist

Movement (PASOK)

Dr. Rajagopala Chidambaram India’s Nuclear Visionary

K.S. Manilal a celebrated botanist and Padma Shri awardee

Jimmy Carter the 39th President of the United States,

Dr. Manmohan Singh Former Prime minister of India

Osamu Suzuki the long-serving chairman and CEO of Suzuki

Motor Corporation

Vasudevan Nair A renowned writer, screenwriter, and filmmaker

Rohan Mirchandani the co-founder of the well-known brand

Epigamia
 28

Meena Ganesh An iconic Malayalam actor and theatre artist

Om Prakash Chautala former Chief Minister of Haryana and INLD

leader

Pandit Sanjay Ram Marathe a renowned classical singer and harmonium

artist

Tulsi Gowda known as the "Tree Goddess," was a renowned

environmentalist from Karnataka who dedicated
her life to afforestation and ecological
conservation

Padma Bhushan Ustad Zakir the legendary tabla player

Hussain

Purushottam Upadhyay a renowned Gujarati singer and composer

T
Nikki Giovanni a celebrated poet and prominent figure of the
ES
Black Arts movement

Madan Mohan Somtiya a dedicated freedom fighter and prominent

U
member of the Mewar Praja Mandal
SQ

Brigadier Raj Manchanda A legendary figure affectionately known as the

‘Old Fox,’
BC

Professor Amiya Kumar a prominent economic historian and

Bagchi macroeconomist
W

Justice Harjit Singh Bedi former Supreme Court judge and ex-Chief
Justice of Bombay High Court

Delhi Ganesh Noted Tamil actor

Pandit Ram Narayan a revolutionary sarangi virtuoso

Sharda Sinha Legendary folk singer,fondly as the “Bihar

Kokila” (Nightingale of Bihar)

Bibek Debroy A prominent economist and chairman of the

Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council
(EAC-PM)

Professor Rohini Godbole An esteemed physicist and Padma Shri awardee

W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
29
 30

Awards and Honours 2024-25

Awards Recipients

Booker Prize 2024 Samantha Harvey (Book: “Orbital”,Novel)

💭 Two Indian writers have won this prize — Arundhati

Roy(Book: The God of Small Things) and Aravind
Adiga(Book: The White Tiger)

International Booker Banu Mushtaq (Book: “Heart Lamp”,Short Stories)

prize 2025
💭 She becomes the second Indian writer to win the
International Booker Prize after Geetanjali Shree
bagged it for ‘Tomb of Sand’ in 2022.

T
59th Jnanpith Award Vinod Kumar Shukla

💭
2024 — The highest
ES
Indian literary award The first writer from Chhattisgarh to receive the
honour. Famous Book — “Deewar Mein Ek Khirkee
U
Rahati Thi”(A Window lived in a Wall),Sahitya Akademi
Award 1999.
SQ

Sahitya Akademi ∆English: Easterine Kire(Novel:"Spirit Nights”)

Awards 2024 ∆Hindi: Gagan Gill(Poetry:"Main Jab Tak Aai Bahar")
∆Dogri: Chaman Arora (Stories: "Ik Hor Ashwathama").
BC

∆Bodo: Aron Raja(Novel: "Swrni Thakhai").

∆Gujarati: Dileep Jhaveri(Poetry: “Bhagwan-ni Vato”)
∆Sanskrit: Dipak Kumar Sharma(“Bhaskaracharitam”)
W

∆Assamese: Sameer Tanti(Poetry: "Pharingbore Bator

∆Katha Jane") and others.

💭 The first Bengali writer to win the Sahitya Akademi

Award was Jibanananda Das(for “Shreshtho Kobita” in
1955.The most recent Bengali writer to win the Sahitya
Akademi Award was Swapnamay Chakrabarti for his
novel, "Joler Upor Pani" in 2023. It's the first time in
2024 that Bengali literature was excluded from the
prestigious award.

34th Vyas Samman Suryabala (Novel:“Kaun Des Ko Vasi: Venu Ki Diary”)

2024

💭 The first recipient of the Vyas Samman was Ram

Vilas Sharma(19991) for his work, "Bharat ke Prachin
Bhasha Parivar aur Hindi".
 31

34th Saraswati Sadhu Bhadreshdas ("Swaminarayan Siddhanta

Samman for 2024 Sudha")

Gangadhar National Pratibha Satpathy

Award for Poetry

97th Academy Awards Best Picture: Anora

— Oscars 2025 Best Director: Sean Baker (Anora)
Best Actor: Adrien Brody (The Brutalist)
Best Actress: Mikey Madison (Anora)
Best Supporting Actress: Zoe Saldana (Emilia Pérez)
Best Supporting Actor: Kieran Culkin (A Real Pain)
Best Cinematography: The Brutalist
Best International Feature Film: Brazil, I’m Still Here
Best Animated Feature Film: Flow
Best Original Score: The Brutalist
Best Original Song: "El Mal" from Emilia Pérez

💭
T
In 2024, "Oppenheimer"(Director:Christopher Nolan)
won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Three films
ES
have won the most Oscars, with 11 wins each:
"Ben-Hur" (1959), "Titanic" (1997), and "The Lord of
the Rings: The Return of the King" (2003).
U

BAFTA Awards 2025 Best Picture: Conclave

SQ

Best Director: Brady Corbet (The Brutalist)

Best Actor: Adrien Brody (The Brutalist)
Best Actress: Mikey Madison (Anora)
BC

Best Supporting Actress: Zoe Saldana (Emilia Pérez)

Best Supporting Actor: Kieran Culkin (A Real Pain)
W

82nd Golden Globe Best Picture: Anora

Awards 2025 Best Actor : Adrien Brody(The Brutalist)
Best Actress: Mikey Madison(Anora)
Best Director: Brady Corbet (The Brutalist)

70th National Film Best Feature Film: Aattam

Awards 2024 Best Actor : Rishab Shetty(Kantara)
Best Actress: Nithya Menen / Manasi Parekh
Best Director: Sooraj R. Barjatya(Unchai)
Best Supporting Actress: Neena Gupta
Best Supporting Actor: Pawan Malhotra
Best Bengali Film : Kaberi Antardhan

💭 The first movie to win a National Film Award was

Shyamchi Aai(Marathi).

IIFFA Awards 2025 Best Picture: Laapataa Ladies

Best Actor: Kartik Aaryan (Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3)
Best Actress: Nitanshi Goel (Laapataa Ladies)
 32

Best Director: Kiran Rao (Laapataa Ladies)

55th International Best Film: Toxic(Director: Saulė Bliuvaitė)

Film Festival of India Best Actor(Male): Clément Faveau
(IFFI) 2024 Best Actor(Female): Vesta Matulytė,Leva Rupeikaitė
Best Director: Bogdan Muresanu
Personality of the Year: Vikrant Massey

Officer of the Order of Payal Kapadia

Arts and Letters
Award,France 🗯️ Film: All We Imagine As Light
13th tve Global The Kumbaya Story
Sustainability Film
Awards 2024

Grammy Awards 2025 Album of the Year: Beyoncé – “Cowboy Carter”

Song of the Year: Kendrick Lamar – “Not Like Us”
Record of the Year: Kendrick Lamar – “Not Like Us”

T
Lata Deenanath
ES
Kumar Mangalam Birla
Mangeshkar Award
2025
U
Sangita Kalanidhi R.K. Shriramkumar(Violinist)
SQ

Award 2025 — the

highest honour in
Carnatic music
BC

Gurudev Kalicharan Achyuta Samanta

Brahma Award 2025
W

Gold Mercury Award Dalai Lama

2025 for Peace

Ugadi award MyNaa Swamy

Turner Prize 2024 Jasleen Kaur

Fred Darrington Sand Sudarsan Pattnaik

Master Award 2025
💭 The first Indian to win the award.
Ramsar Award for Jayshree Vencatesan
'Wetland Wise Use'
💭 The first Indian to win the award.
Medal of Honour 2025 Bhuwan Ribhu
by World Jurist
Association
 33

Holberg Prize 2025 Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

Verchol Dalit Literary P. Sivakami

Award 2025

Miss Universe 2024 Victoria Kjaer Theilvig (Denmark)

Miss India USA 2024 Caitlin Sandra Neil

Miss Charm India Shivangi Desai

2024

Mrs. World 2025 Tshego Gaelae (South Africa)

Abel Prize 2025 Masaki Kashiwara

(for mathematics)
💭 Research: Algebraic analysis and representation
theory.

T
Major Dhyan Chand D. Gukesh (Chess)
Khel Ratna Awards
ES
Harmanpreet Singh (Hockey)
2025 Praveen Kumar (Para-Athletics)
Manu Bhaker (Shooting)
U

FIFA The Best Football The Best FIFA Men’s Player: Vinícius Júnior
SQ

Awards 2024 The Best FIFA Women’s Player: Aitana Bonmati

The Best FIFA Men’s Goalkeeper: Emiliano Martinez
The Best FIFA Women’s Goalkeeper: Alyssa Naeher
BC

ICC Awards 2024 💭 Men's Winners: —

W

Cricketer of the Year: Jasprit Bumrah (India)

Test Cricketer of the Year: Jasprit Bumrah (India)
ODI Cricketer of the Year: Azmatullah Omarzai (Afgh.)
T20I Cricketer of the Year: Arshdeep Singh (India)
Emerging Cricketer of the Year: Kamindu Mendis (SL)

💭 Women's Winners: —
Cricketer of the Year: Amelia Kerr (New Zealand)
ODI Cricketer of the Year: Smriti Mandhana (India)
T20I Cricketer of the Year: Amelia Kerr (New Zealand)

Hockey India Awards Player of The Year (Men): Harmanpreet Singh

2024 Player of The Year (Women): Savita Punia
Goalkeeper of the Year: Savita Punia
Defender of the Year: Amit Rohidas
Midfielder of the Year: Hardik Singh
Forward of the Year: Abhishek
 34

Hockey India Major Dhyan Chand Lifetime

Achievement Award: 1975 World Cup winning team.

Laureus World Mondo Duplantis (The greatest pole vaulter of all time)
Sportsman of the Year
2025

Laureus World Simone Biles (Athletics)

Sportswoman of the
Year Award 2025

Sportstar Aces Awards Sportstar of the Year (Male): P.R. Sreejesh

2025 Sportstar of the Year (Female):Manu Bhaker

Kho Kho World Cup India

2025

Kabaddi World Cup India

T
2025 ES
ICC Champions Indian Cricket Team
Trophy 2025
U
Ranji Trophy 2024-25 Vidharbha
SQ

Syed Mushtaq Ali Mumbai

Trophy 2024-25
BC

Vijay Hazare 2024-25 Karnataka

ISL 2024-25 Mohun Bagan SG

W

Santosh Trophy 2025 West Bengal

SAFF U-19 India

Championship 2025

La Liga 2024-25 FC Barcelona

UEFA Europa League Tottenham Hotspur

2024-25

UEFA Premier League Liverpool

2024-25

National Maritime Rajesh Unni(the founder of Synergy Marine Group)

Varuna Award 2025

Kirti Chakra 2025 Major Manjit

Naik Dilwar Khan
 35

National Youth Award Akarsh Shroff

2025

National Dhanwantari Vaidya Tara Chand Sharma

Ayurveda Awards 2025 Vaidya Maya Ram Uniyal
Vaidya Sameer Govind Jamadagni

World Food Prize 2025 Mariangela Hungria(Brazil)

🗯️ Research: Biological Nitrogen Fixation(BNF) to

reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.

Stockholm Water Prize Professor Günter Blöschl

2025

T
UNESCO’s TWAS
ES
Professor Suman Chakraborty(IIT Kharagpur)
Award 2025

Green World Coal India Limited

U
Environment Award
SQ

Goldman Semia Gharbi (Tunisia)

Environmental Prize Batmunkh Luvsandash (Mongolia)
2025 Besjana Guri and Olsi Nika (Albania)
BC

Carlos Mallo Molina (Canary Islands)

Laurene Allen (United States), and
Mari Luz Canaquiri Murayari (Peru).
W

World Press Photo of “Mahmoud Ajjour, 9 Years Old” by Samar Abu Elouf.
the Year 2025

Uttar Pradesh Anmol Nikhil Singhal

Ratan Award 2025

Maharashtra Bhushan Ram Sutar

2025
💭 A renowned sculptor known for designing the Statue
of Unity.

Pulitzer Prize 2025 ∆Fiction: James (by Percival Everett)

∆Public Service: Kavitha Surana, Lizzie Presser,
Cassandra Jaramillo & Stacy Kranitz
∆Breaking News Reporting: The Washington Post
∆National Reporting: The Wall Street Journal staff –
Elon Musk investigation
∆Investigative Reporting: Reuters staff – “Fentanyl
 36

Express”
∆International Reporting: Declan Walsh & NYT staff –
Sudan conflict
∆Editorial Writing: Raj Mankad & team (Houston
Chronicle)
∆Breaking News Photography:Doug Mills (The New
York Times)

UNESCO/Guillermo La Prensa (Nicaragua newspaper)

Cano World Press
Freedom Prize 2025

'Sri Lanka Mitra Prime Minister Narendra Modi

Vibhushana', the
country's highest
civilian honour

‘Honorary Order of Prime Minister Narendra Modi

Freedom of Barbados

T
Order of Mubarak Al
ES
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Kabeer — Kuwait's
highest civilian honor
U
SQ

‘The Order of Prime Minister Narendra Modi

Excellence’ —
Guyana’s highest
BC

honor

‘Dominica Award of Prime Minister Narendra Modi

Honour’
W

"Grand Commander of Prime Minister Narendra Modi

the Order of Niger”

Nobel Prize 2024 ■ Physics: John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton

(Nobel Foundation, for their work on artificial neural networks
Sweden) and machine learning.

■ Chemistry: David Baker, Demis Hassabis and

John M. Jumper for for computational
protein design.

■ Medicine : Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for

the discovery of microRNA.

■ Literature: Han Kang —The Vegetarian(book)

■ Peace: Nihon Hidankyo(Japanese organisation)

 37

■ Economics: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and

James A. Robinson

Jnanpith Award 2024 ■ Urdu poet Gulzar and Sanskrit scholar Jagadguru
Rambhadracharya.

Pen Pinter Prize 2024 Arundhati Roy

Erasmus Prize 2024 Amitav Ghosh

‘Green Oscar’ Whitley Dr. Purnima Devi Barman

Gold Award 2024

“Water Warrior” city Noida

T
Bharat Ratna 2024 ■ MS Swaminathan, the ‘Father of India’s Green
ES
Revolution.

■ P. V. Narasimha Rao,the 9th Prime Minister of

U
India.
SQ

■ Chaudhary Charan Singh,the 5th prime minister of

India.
BC

■ Lal Krishna Advani.

■ Karpoori Thakur,former Chief Minister of

Bihar.
W

💭 Delhi International Airport has won the 2024 Airport Service Quality (ASQ)
Award for the best airport in the Asia-Pacific region for the seventh consecutive
year.

💭 Manohar International Airport(Goa) became the first Indian airport to win the
“Sarvashreshtha Suraksha Puraskar (Golden Trophy).

💭Singapore's Changi regained the title of world's best airport in 2025.

Padma Awards 2025

Padma Awards - one of the highest civilian Awards of the country, are conferred
in three categories, namely, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma
Shri. The Awards are given in various disciplines / fields of activities, viz.- art,
 38

social work, public affairs, science and engineering, trade and industry,
medicine, literature and education, sports, civil service, etc. ‘Padma Vibhushan’
is awarded for exceptional and distinguished service; ‘Padma Bhushan’ for
distinguished service of high order and ‘Padma Shri’ for distinguished service in
any field. The awards are announced on the occasion of Republic Day every
year.

Padma Vibhushan (7)

Name Field State

Shri Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy Medicine Telangana

Justice (Retd.) Shri Jagdish Singh Khehar Public Affairs Chandigarh

Smt. Kumudini Rajnikant Lakhia Art Gujarat

Shri Lakshminarayana Art Karnataka

T
Subramaniam ES
Shri M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Literature and Education Kerala
(Posthumous)
U
Shri Osamu Suzuki (Posthumous) Trade and Industry Japan
SQ

Smt. Sharda Sinha (Posthumous) Art Bihar

BC
W

Padma Bhushan (19)

Name Field State

Shri A Surya Prakash Literature and Education Karnataka

Journalism

Shri Anant Nag Art Karnataka

Shri Bibek Debroy (Posthumous) Literature and Education NCT Delhi

Shri Jatin Goswami Art Assam

Shri Jose Chacko Periappuram Medicine Kerala

Shri Kailash Nath Dikshit Others - Archaeology NCT Delhi

Shri Manohar Joshi (Posthumous) Public Affairs Maharashtra

Shri Nalli Kuppuswami Chetti Trade and Industry Tamil Nadu

 39

Shri Nandamuri Balakrishna Art Andhra Pradesh

Shri P R Sreejesh Sports Kerala

Shri Pankaj Patel Trade and Industry Gujarat

Shri Pankaj Udhas (Posthumous) Art Maharashtra

Shri Rambahadur Rai Literature and Education - Uttar Pradesh

Journalism

Sadhvi Ritambhara Social Work Uttar Pradesh

Shri S Ajith Kumar Art Tamil Nadu

Shri Shekhar Kapur Art Maharashtra

Ms. Shobana Chandrakumar Art Tamil Nadu

Shri Sushil Kumar Modi Public Affairs Bihar

T
(Posthumous) ES
Shri Vinod Dham Science and Engineering United States of
America
U
SQ
BC

Padma Shri (113)

Name Field State

W

Shri Adwaita Charan Gadanayak Art Odisha

Shri Achyut Ramchandra Palav Art Maharashtra

Shri Ajay V Bhatt Science and United States of America

Engineering

Shri Anil Kumar Boro Literature & Assam

Education

Shri Arijit Singh Art West Bengal

Smt. Arundhati Bhattacharya Trade & Industry Maharashtra

Shri Arunoday Saha Literature & Tripura

Education

Shri Arvind Sharma Literature and Canada

Education
 40

Shri Ashok Kumar Mahapatra Medicine Odisha

Shri Ashok Laxman Saraf Art Maharashtra

Shri Ashutosh Sharma Science and Uttar Pradesh

Engineering

Smt. Ashwini Bhide Deshpande Art Maharashtra

Shri Baijnath Maharaj Others - Rajasthan

Spiritualism

Shri Barry Godfray John Art NCT Delhi

Smt. Begam Batool Art Rajasthan

Shri Bharat Gupt Art NCT Delhi

Shri Bheru Singh Chouhan Art Madhya Pradesh

T
Shri Bhim Singh Bhavesh Social Work
ES Bihar

Smt. Bhimavva Doddabalappa Art Karnataka

Shillekyathara
U

Shri Budhendra Kumar Jain Medicine Madhya Pradesh

SQ

Shri C S Vaidyanathan Public Affairs NCT Delhi

Shri Chaitram Deochand Pawar Social Work Maharashtra

BC

Shri Chandrakant Sheth Literature and Gujarat

(Posthumous) Education
W

Shri Chandrakant Sompura Architecture Gujarat

Shri David R Syiemlieh Literature and Meghalaya

Education

Shri Durga Charan Ranbir Art Odisha

Shri Farooq Ahmad Mir Art Jammu And Kashmir

Shri Ganeshwar Shastri Dravid Literature Uttar Pradesh

Smt. Gita Upadhyay Literature Assam

Shri Gokul Chandra Das Art West Bengal

Shri Guruvayur Dorai Art Tamil Nadu

Shri Harchandan Singh Bhatty Art Madhya Pradesh

Shri Hariman Sharma Agriculture Himachal Pradesh

 41

Shri Harjinder Singh Srinagar Wale Punjab

Art

Shri Harvinder Singh Sports Haryana

Shri Hassan Raghu Art Karnataka

Shri Hemant Kumar Medicine Bihar

Shri Hriday Narayan Dixit Literature & Uttar Pradesh

Education

Shri Hugh and Colleen Gantzer Literature & Uttarakhand

(Posthumous) (Duo)* Education -
Journalism

Shri Inivalappil Mani Vijayan Sports Kerala

Shri Jagadish Joshila Literature & Madhya Pradesh

T
Education
ES
Smt. Jaspinder Narula Art Maharashtra

Shri Jonas Masetti Spiritualism Brazil

U

Shri Joynacharan Bathari Art Assam

SQ

Smt. Jumde Yomgam Gamlin Social Work Arunachal Pradesh

Shri K. Damodaran Culinary Tamil Nadu

BC

Shri K L Krishna Literature & Andhra Pradesh

Education
W

Smt. K Omanakutty Amma Art Kerala

Shri Kishore Kunal (Posthumous) Civil Service Bihar

Shri L Hangthing Agriculture Nagaland

Shri Lakshmipathy Ramasubbaiyer Literature & Tamil Nadu

Education-
Journalism

Shri Lalit Kumar Mangotra Literature and Jammu And Kashmir

Education

Shri Lama Lobzang (Posthumous) Spiritualism Ladakh

Smt. Libia Lobo Sardesai Social Work Goa

Shri M D Srinivas Science and Tamil Nadu

Engineering
 42

Shri Madugula Nagaphani Sarma Art Andhra Pradesh

Shri Mahabir Nayak Art Jharkhand

Smt. Mamata Shankar Art West Bengal

Shri Manda Krishna Madiga Public Affairs Telangana

Shri Maruti Bhujangrao Chitampalli Literature & Maharashtra

Education

Shri Miriyala Apparao (Posthumous) Art Andhra Pradesh

Shri Nagendra Nath Roy Literature & West Bengal

Education

Shri Narayan (Bhulai Bhai) Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh

(Posthumous)

T
Shri Naren Gurung Art Sikkim

Smt. Neerja Bhatla

ES
Medicine NCT Delhi

Smt. Nirmala Devi Art Bihar

U

Shri Nitin Nohria Literature United States of America

SQ

Shri Onkar Singh Pahwa Trade & Industry Punjab

Shri P Datchanamoorthy Art Puducherry

BC

Shri Pandi Ram Mandavi Art Chhattisgarh

W

Shri Parmar Lavjibhai Nagjibhai Art Gujarat

Shri Pawan Goenka Trade & Industry West Bengal

Shri Prashanth Prakash Trade and Karnataka

Industry

Smt. Pratibha Satpathy Literature & Odisha

Education

Shri Purisai Kannappa Sambandan Art Tamil Nadu

Shri R Ashwin Sports Tamil Nadu

Shri R G Chandramogan Trade & Industry Tamil Nadu

Smt. Radha Bahin Bhatt Social Work Uttarakhand

Shri Radhakrishnan Devasenapathy Art Tamil Nadu

Shri Ramdarash Mishra Literature & NCT Delhi

 43

Education

Shri Ranendra Bhanu Majumdar Art Maharashtra

Shri Ratan Kumar Parimoo Art Gujarat

Shri Reba Kanta Mahanta Art Assam

Shri Renthlei Lalrawna Literature and Mizoram

Education

Shri Ricky Gyan Kej Art Karnataka

Shri Sajjan Bhajanka Trade and West Bengal

Industry

Smt. Sally Holkar Trade and Madhya Pradesh

Industry

T
Shri Sant Ram Deswal Literature and Haryana
Education
ES
Shri Satyapal Singh Sports Uttar Pradesh
U
Shri Seeni Viswanathan Literature Tamil Nadu
SQ

Shri Sethuraman Panchanathan Science and USA

Engineering

Smt. Sheikha Shaikha Ali Al-Jaber Medicine Kuwait

BC

Al-Sabah

Shri Sheen Kaaf Nizam (Shiv Literature & Rajasthan

W

Kishan Bissa) Education

Shri Shyam Bihari Agrawal Art Uttar Pradesh

Smt. Soniya Nityanand Medicine Uttar Pradesh

Shri Stephen Knapp Literature and United States of America

Education

Shri Subhash Khetulal Sharma Agriculture Maharashtra

Shri Suresh Harilal Soni Social Work Gujarat

Shri Surinder Kumar Vasal Science Delhi

Shri Swami Pradiptananda (Kartik Spiritualism West Bengal

Maharaj)

Shri Syed Ainul Hasan Literature & Uttar Pradesh

Education
 44

Shri Tejendra Narayan Majumdar Art West Bengal

Smt. Thiyam Suryamukhi Devi Art Manipur

Shri Tushar Durgeshbhai Shukla Literature Gujarat

Shri Vadiraj Raghawendracharya Literature Andhra Pradesh

Panchamukhi

Shri Vasudeo Kamath Art Maharashtra

Shri Velu Aasaan Art Tamil Nadu

Shri Venkappa Ambaji Sugatekar Art Karnataka

Shri Vijay Nityanand Surishwar Ji Spiritualism Bihar

Maharaj

Smt. Vijayalakshmi Deshmane Medicine Karnataka

T
Shri Vilas Dangre Medicine
ES Maharashtra

Shri Vinayak Lohani Social Work West Bengal

U
SQ

National Sports Awards 2025

BC

Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Awards

W

Field Recipients

Shooting Manu Bhaker

Chess D. Gukesh

Hockey Harmanpreet Singh

Para-Athletics Praveen Kumar

Arjuna Awards Recipients

Athletics ​Jyothi Yarraji – Track and Field (Hurdles)

​Annu Rani – Javelin Throw

​Rakesh Kumar (Para-Athletics) – High Jump

 45

(Para-Sports)

​Preeti Pal (Para-Athletics) – Sprint

(Para-Sports)

​Jeevanji Deepthi (Para-Athletics) – Long Jump

(Para-Sports)

​Ajeet Singh (Para-Athletics) – High Jump

(Para-Sports)

​Sachin Sarjerao Khilari (Para-Athletics) – Sprint

(Para-Sports)

​Dharambir (Para-Athletics) – Sprint

T
(Para-Sports)
ES
​Pranav Soorma (Para-Athletics) – Sprint
U
(Para-Sports)
SQ

​H Hokato Sema (Para-Athletics) – Sprint

(Para-Sports)
BC

Boxing ●​ Nitu – Boxing (Women’s Flyweight)

W

●​ Saweety–Boxing (Women’s Light-Heavyweight)

Chess ●​ Vantika Agrawal – Chess (Women’s Chess

Grandmaster)

Hockey ●​ Salima Tete – Field Hockey (Midfielder,

Women’s Hockey Team)

●​ Abhishek – Field Hockey (Defender, Men’s

Hockey Team)

●​ Sanjay – Field Hockey (Midfielder, Men’s

 46

Hockey Team)

●​ Jarmanpreet Singh – Field Hockey (Defender,

Men’s Hockey Team)

●​ Sukhjeet Singh – Field Hockey (Midfielder,

Men’s Hockey Team)

Para-Sports ●​ Rakesh Kumar (Para-Archery) – Archery

(Para-Sports)

●​ Nitesh Kumar (Para-Badminton) – Badminton

(Para-Sports)

T
●​ Thulasimathi Murugesan (Para-Badminton) –
ES
Badminton (Para-Sports)

●​ Nithya Sre Sumathy Sivan (Para-Badminton) –

U

Badminton (Para-Sports)
SQ

●​ Manisha Ramadass (Para-Badminton) –

BC

Badminton (Para-Sports)

●​ Kapil Parmar (Para-Judo) – Judo (Para-Sports)

W

●​ Mona Agarwal (Para-Shooting) – Shooting

(Para-Sports)

●​ Rubina Francis (Para-Shooting) – Shooting

(Para-Sports)

Shooting ●​ Swapnil Suresh Kusale – Shooting (Men’s 50m

Rifle 3 Positions)

●​ Sarabjot Singh – Shooting (Men’s 10m Air

Pistol)
 47

Squash ●​ Abhay Singh – Squash (Men’s Singles)

Swimming ●​ Sajan Prakash – Swimming (Men’s Butterfly)

Wrestling ●​ Aman – Wrestling (Men’s Freestyle)

Dronacharya Awards

Shooting coach Deepali Deshpande

Football Coach Armando Agnelo Colaco

T
ES
U
SQ
BC
W
W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
48
W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
49
 50

Games and Sports Current Affairs 2024-25

Summary of Important Sports Events 2024-25

Event Venue Winner Runner-Up

ICC Champions Trophy Pakistan, India New Zealand

2025 UAE

2024 ICC Men’s T20 West Indies & India South Africa
World Cup (Cricket) US

ICC Women's Various Australia India

Championship 2022-25

ICC U19 Women T20 Malaysia India South Africa

T
World Cup 2025

WPL 2025 Bengaluru,

ES
Mumbai Indians Delhi Capitals
Lucknow,
Mumbai and
U
Vadodara
SQ

Ranji Trophy 2024-25 Various Vidarbha Kerala

Syed Mushtaq Ali Various Mumbai Madhya Pradesh

BC

Trophy 2024-25

Vijay Hazare 2024-25 Various Karnataka Vidarbha

W

Kabaddi World Cup England India England

2025

Kho Kho World Cup New Delhi, India Nepal

2025 India

FIFA Intercontinental Lusail,Qatar Real Madrid Pachuca

Cup 2024

Santosh Trophy 2025 Various West Bengal Kerala

SAFF U-19 India India Bangladesh

Championship 2025

ISL 2024-25 Various Mohun Bagan Bengaluru

SG

La Liga 2024-25 Various Barcelona Real Madrid

 51

UEFA Europa League Bilbao, Spain Tottenham Manchester

2024-25 Hotspur United

UEFA Premier League England Liverpool Tottenham

2024-25 Hotspur

38th National Games Uttarakhand Services(1) Maharashtra(2)

2025
∆121 medals, ∆ 201 medals,
including 68 including 54 golds.
golds.

Khelo India Youth Bihar Maharashtra(1) Haryana(2)

Games 2025
∆158 medals, ∆117 medals,
including 58 including 39 golds.
golds.

Khelo India Winter Leh (Ladakh) Indian Army(1) Himachal Pradesh

T
Games 2025 and Gulmarg ES
(Jammu & ∆18 medals, ∆18 medals,
Kashmir) including 7 golds. including 6 golds.
U
Khelo India Para New Delhi Haryana(1) Tamil Nadu(2)
Games 2025
SQ

∆104 medals, ∆74 medals,

including 34 including 28 golds.
golds.
BC

Hockey India League Rourkela, Rarh Bengal Hyderabad

2024-25 Odisha Tigers Toofans
W

(Kolkata)

5th Junior Hockey Asia Muscat,Oman India Pakistan

Cup 2024

15th Hockey India Haryana Jharkhand Haryana

Senior Women
National Champion
2025

Senior National Men’s Kerala Kerala Chandigarh

Handball
Championship

2025 ISSF World Cup Various China US

Australian Open 2025 Melbourne Jannik Sinner Alexander Zverev

(Tennis,Singles) Park (Men's singles) (Men's singles)
 52

💭 Grand Slam Madison Keys Aryna Sabalenka

(Women's singles) (Women's singles)

Italian Open 2025 Rome, Italy Carlos Alcaraz Jannik Sinner

(Tennis,Singles) (Men's singles) (Men's singles)

Jasmine Paolini Coco Gauff

(Women's singles) (Women's singles)

Miami Open 2025 Florida,US Jakub Menšík Novak Djokovic

(Tennis,Singles) (Men's singles) (Men's singles)

Aryna Sabalenka Jessica Pegula

(Women's singles) (Women's singles)

T
Wimbledon 2024 England Carlos Alcaraz Novak Djokovic
(Tennis,Singles) (Men's Singles)
ES (Men's singles)

Barbora
💭 Grand Slam Krejčíková Jasmine Paolini
U
(Women’s singles) (Women's singles)
SQ

US Open 2024 US Jannik Sinner Taylor Fritz (USA)

(Tennis,Singles) (Men's singles)
BC

Aryna Sabalenka Jessica Pegula

💭 Grand Slam (Women’s singles)
W

French Open 2024 France, Carlos Alcaraz Alexander Zverev

(Tennis,Singles) Stade Roland- (Men's singles)
Garros
Iga Swiatek Jasmine Paolini
💭 Grand Slam (Women’s singles)

Monte-Carlo Masters France Carlos Alcaraz Lorenzo Musetti

(Tennis,Singles) (Men's singles)

Senior National Table Surat Manush Shah Payas Jain

Tennis Championships (Men's Singles)
2025
Diya Chitale Sreeja Akula
(Women's Single)

Mumbai Open 2025 Mumbai Jil Teichmann Mananchaya

(Tennis) (Women's Single) Sawangkaew
 53

Chennai Open 2025 Chennai Kyrian Jacquet Elias Ymer

(Tennis) (Men's Singles)

Billie Jean King Cup Italy Slovakia

2024
(Tennis)

Indian Open 2025 Mumbai,India Kareem El Abhay Singh

Torkey (Men's singles)
(Men's singles)

💭 Squash Anahat Singh

Helen Tang
(Men's singles)
Tournament (Women's singles)

58th Hero Indian Gurugram, Eugenio Keita Nakajima

Open 2025 Haryana Chacarra

💭 Golf Tournament
T
Sudirman Cup 2025 Xiamen,China
ES
China South Korea
(Badminton)
U
Syed Modi Lucknow, Lakshya Sen Jason Teh
International Uttar Pradesh. (Men's singles) (Men's singles)
SQ

Badminton
Championships P. V. Sindhu Wu Luoyu
(Women's singles) (Women's singles)
BC

Asian Women’s New Delhi, Japan South Korea

Handball India
Championship 2024
W

Japanese Grand Prix Suzuka, Max Verstappen Lando Norris

2025 Japan.
(Formula 1)

Bahrain Grand Prix Sakhir, Oscar Piastri George Russell

2025 Bahrain.
(Formula 1)

Saudi Arabian Grand Jeddah, Oscar Piastri Max Verstappen

Prix 2025 Saudi Arabia.
(Formula 1)

Chinese Grand Prix Shanghai, Oscar Piastri Lando Norris

2025 China.
(Formula 1)

Australian Grand Prix Melbourne, Lando Norris Max Verstappen

 54

2025 Australia.

Aditya Birla Memorial New Delhi, Rajnigandha Jindal Panther

Polo Cup 2025 India Achievers

2025 IBSF World Carlow, Sourav Kothari Pankaj Advani

Billiards Championship Ireland

💭 2025 ICC Champions Trophy

👁️‍🗨️ News: Rohit Sharma-led Indian cricket team beat Mitchell Santner's New

T
Zealand by four wickets to win the 2025 edition of the ICC Champions Trophy 2025
ES
which was being played at the Dubai International Cricket Stadium, on March 9
(Sunday).
U
∆Host: Pakistan and United Arab Emirates.
SQ

∆Participating Nation: 8
∆Winner: India.
∆Runner-Up: New Zealand.
BC

∆Player of the Match - Rohit Sharma

∆Player of the tournament - Rachin Ravindra
∆Top scorers: Rachin Ravindra (NZ)
W

∆Most wickets: Matt Henry (NZ)

∆Highest individual scores: Ibrahim Zadran (AFG) - 177 (146) vs England
∆Best bowling figures: Varun Chakravarthy (IND) - 5/42 (10 overs) vs New Zealand

💭 38th National Games 2025

Host Motto Theme Mascot Sports

Uttarakhand Sankalp Se ‘Green Games’ Mauli 32 sports + 4

Shikhar Tak (Focus on (Himalayan demonstration
sustainability) Monal bird) events.

♣️ The top medal winners: —

1.Services Sports Control Board: 121 total medals (68 gold, 26 silver, 27 bronze).
2.Maharashtra: 201 total medals (54 gold, 71 silver, 76 bronze).
 55

3.Haryana: 153 total medals (48 gold, 47 silver, 58 bronze).

8.West Bengal: 47 total medals (16 gold, 13 silver, and 18 bronze).

👁️‍🗨️ Meghalaya will solely host the 39th National Games, 2027.
💭 Archery World Cup 2025
👁️‍🗨️ News: The Indian archers finished second behind South Korea(5 Gold Medals) at
the Archery World Cup 2025 Stage -2 held at Shanghai, China, with two gold, one
silver and four bronze medals.

Medal Winners for India(Stage 2)

Sportsman Event Medal

T
Madhura Dhamangaonkar Women’s individual compound
ES Gold
event

Ojas Deotale, Abhishek Men’s team compound event. Gold

U
Verma and Rishabh Yadav
SQ

Jyothi Surekha Vennam, Women’s team compound Silver

Madhura Dhamangaonkar, event
Chikitha Thaniparthi
BC

Deepika Kumari Women’s individual recurve Bronze

W

Parth Salunkhe Men’s individual recurve Bronze

Rishabh Yadav Men’s individual compound Bronze

Madhura Dhamangaonkar Mixed team compound Bronze

and Abhishek Verma

Stage Host Schedule

1 Auburndale, United States of 8-13 April 2025.

America

2 Shanghai, China 6-11 May 2025

3 Antalya, Turkiye 3-8 June 2025

4 Madrid, Spain 8-11 July 2025

5 Nanjing, China October 2025

 56

💭 2025 ISSF World Cup

∆ Host: Various : Buenos Aires,Lima,Nicosia,Munich,Lonato,Ningbo and Doha.

💭 Note: India finishes 2nd after China at the ISSF World Cup Buenos Aires 2025
and India finishes 3rd after China and USA at the 2025 ISSF World Cup Lima
Campaign with 7 medals.

👁️‍🗨️ Indian medal winners at the ISSF World Cup Buenos Aires 2025 — 8 Medals

T
i.Sift Kaur Samra - gold medal in women’s 50m rifle 3 positions
ES
ii.Rudrankksh Patil - gold medal in the men’s 10m air rifle
iii.Suruchi Singh - gold medal in the women’s 10m air pistol
iv.Vijayveer Sidhu7 - gold medal in the men’s 25m rapid fire pistol
U
v.Esha Singh - silver medal in women’s 25m pistol
SQ

vi.Arya Borse/Rudrankksh Patil - silver medal in the mixed 10m air rifle
vii.Saurabh Chaudhary/Suruchi Singh - bronze medal in the 10m air pistol mixed.
viii.Chain Singh - bronze medal in men’s 50m rifle.
BC

👁️‍🗨️ Indian medal winners at the ISSF World Cup Lima 2025 — 7 Medals
W

i.Suruchi Singh - gold in women’s 10m air pistol event.

ii.Saurabh Chaudhary & Suruchi Singh - gold in the 10m air pistol mixed event.
iii.Manu Bhaker - silver in the women’s 10m air pistol event.
iv.Arjun Babuta - silver in the men’s 10m air rifle event.
v.Simranpreet Kaur Brar - silver in the women’s 25m pistol event.
vi.Rudrannksh Patil & Arya Borse - silver in the 10m air rifle mixed team event.
vii.Saurabh Chaudhary - bronze in the men’s 10m air pistol event.

💭 7th Khelo India Youth Games 2025

Host Bihar

Location Patna, Rajgir, Gaya, Bhagalpur, and Begusarai.

Sports 27 sports were contested, including both Olympic and

7
He became the first Indian ever to win a gold medal in the men’s 25m rapid fire pistol event in ISSF
World Cup history.
 57

non-Olympic disciplines, as well as indigenous sports like

mallakhamb and yogasana. Esports was included as a
demonstration sport.

Mascot Gajasimha, inspired by the elephant-lion statues found in

ancient temples in Bihar.

Champion Maharashtra(158 Medals including 58 Gold) 🥇

💭 Khelo India Winter Games 2025: The Khelo India Winter Games 2025, the
fifth edition of the flagship event under the Indian government’s Khelo India
initiative,was held in two phases. The first phase was held in Ladakh from
January 23 to 27 while the second began in Jammu and Kashmir on March 9
and ended on 12th.

T
Army topped the KIWG 2025 medal table with seven golds, five silvers and six
ES
bronze. Himachal Pradesh finished second with six golds, five silvers and seven
bronze.
U
SQ

💭 Khelo India Para Games 2025 : The second Khelo India Para Games (KIPG)
2025, a multi-sport event for para-athletes, was held in New Delhi from March 20 to
BC

27. Over 1,300 athletes from 36 states and Union Territories participated,
competing in six sports: Para Archery, Para Athletics, Para Badminton, Para Table
W

Tennis, Para Powerlifting, and Para Shooting.

Haryana claimed the winners' trophy after topping the KIPG 2025 medal table with
34 gold, 39 silver and 31 bronze medals.

💭 Asian Wrestling Championship 2025: Asian Wrestling Championships 2025

was held in Amman, Jordan.Iran finished on the top at the Asian Wrestling
Championships 2025 medal tally with 17 medals, including nine gold.

India finished its campaign with 10 medals - one gold, three silver, and six bronze
medals. Manisha Bhanwala won the only gold medal for India in the women’s 62
kg weight division.
 58

💭 India’s Dominance at 2nd Asian Yogasana Sport Championship 2025 :

The 2nd Asian Yogasana Sport Championship 2025 was held at the KD Jadhav
Arena, Indira Gandhi Sports Complex in New Delhi.

India topped the medal table with a record-breaking 83 gold medals, along with 3
silver and 1 bronze, totaling 87 medals, followed by Japan (3 gold, 3 silver, 4
bronze) and Mongolia (1 gold, 11 silver, 6 bronze).

💭 Indian athletes concluded their remarkable campaign at the Special Olympics

World Winter Games with 33 medals having 8 Gold, 18 Silver, and 7 Bronze – in
Turin, Italy.

💭 Joe Root(England) became the fastest batter in the world to reach 13000 Test
Runs.

T
💭 England fast bowling legend James Anderson has been awarded a knighthood
ES
for his “services to cricket”.

💭 Travis Head was named the winner of the most prestigious honour in Australian
U
SQ

cricket–The Allan Border Medal for 2024-25.

💭 Indian pacer Mohammed Shami has etched his name in cricket history by
BC

becoming the fastest Indian bowler to reach 200 ODI wickets.

💭 Arshdeep Singh surpassed Yuzvendra Chahal to become India's highest

W

wicket-taker in T20Is with 97 wickets in 61 matches.

💭 Virat Kohli became the first player to reach 1000 boundaries in IPL.
💭 Virat Kohli becomes first Indian to 13000 T20 runs.
💭 Hitesh Gulia became the first Indian boxer to clinch a gold medal in the World
Boxing Cup.

💭 Indian equestrian Niharika Singhania won the gold medal riding Hottesse
💭 Pankaj Advani won the 2025 Asian Snooker Championship, his 14th Asian title
Charbonnier at the Azelhof CSI Lier equestrian competition in Belgium.

across all formats, defeating Amir Sarkosh of Iran in the final.

💭 Pankaj Advani wins the 2025 CCI Billiards Classic title in Mumbai.
 59

💭 Sourav Kothari crowned IBSF World Billiards champion after beating Pankaj
Advani

💭 Grandmaster R Praggnanandhaa won the Superbet Chess Classic Romania

2025, claiming his first Grand Chess Tour victory.

💭 Tamil Nadu's L R Srihari becomes the 86th Indian Chess Grandmaster.

💭Japan have become the first nation to qualify for the men's FIFA World Cup 2026
by beating Bahrain 2-0.

💭 India's iconic table tennis player Achanta Sharath Kamal has officially
announced his retirement from professional table tennis.

💭 Shooter Manu Bhaker was named the BBC Indian Sportswoman of the Year
2024. Mithali Raj won the Lifetime Achievement award.

T
💭 Vishvaa Rajakumar, a 20-year-old student from Puducherry, India, has won the
ES
Memory League World Championship 2025.

💭 The Odisha Warriors Club won the inaugural edition of the Women's Hockey
U
SQ

India League 2024-25 title by defeating Soorma Hockey Club 2-1 in the final.

💭 India will host the prestigious FIDE World Cup 2025 chess tournament this
BC

year.

💭 West Bengal dominated the 4th National Finswimming Championship 2024,

W

securing the top spot with an impressive 151 medals.

💭 Indian Grandmaster Pa Iniyan wins Cannes International Open with 7.5 points,
surpassing Aradhya Garg and Kazybek Noderbek.

💭 Indonesia has won the Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships 2025 for the
first time, beating hosts People's Republic of China 3-1.

✍️ Summer Olympics 2024 —

● Host: France
● Venue: Paris
● Motto: Games Wide Open
● Official Musical Theme: “Parade,” composed by Victor le Masne
● Nations: 206
● Events: 329 in 32 sports
 60

● New Event: Breakdancing,Formula Kite,Sport climbing,Kayak cross.

● Mascots: The Phryges
● Country with highest medals: US(126 including 40 Gold)
● Country with highest athletes: US
● India’s achievements(Rank: 71st) : –—
▪︎ Total Medals: 6

Medals Winners for India

Sportsman Events Medals

Neeraj Chopra Men’s javelin throw Silver

Manu Bhaker Women’s 10m air pistol Bronze

shooting

Manu Bhaker-Sarabjot Mixed team 10m air pistol Bronze

T
Singh shooting

Swapnil Kusale
ES
Men’s 50m rifle 3 positions Bronze
shooting
U
Indian hockey team Men’s hockey Bronze
SQ

Aman Sehrawat Men’s 57kg wrestling Bronze

✍️ Paris Paralympics 2024 —

BC
W

● Host: France
● Nations: 170
● Events: 549 in 22 sports
● Mascots: The Phryges
● Country with highest medals: China(220 including 94 Gold)
● India’s achievements : –—
▪︎ Total Medals: 29(7 Gold,9 Silver & 13 Bronze

Gold Medals Winners for India

Sportsman Events Medals

Avani Lekhara Women's 10m air rifle shooting Gold

Navdeep Singh Javelin throw Gold

Sumit Antil Javelin Throw Gold

 61

Harvinder Singh Archery Gold

Nitesh Kumar Badminton(Men’s Singles) Gold

Dharambir Athletics Gold

Praveen Kumar Athletics Gold

T
ES
U
SQ
BC
W
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BC
SQ
U
ES
T
62
W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
63
W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
64
W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
65
 66

Indian Economy Current Affairs 2025

T
ES
U
SQ
BC
W
 67

💭 RBI’s Rupee & Dollar Swap Auctions : RBI announced a $10 billion USD/INR
buy/sell swap auction to inject ₹86,000 crore into the banking system.A currency swap is a
foreign exchange transaction in which two countries agree to exchange one currency for
another at a future date to mitigate currency risk, reduce borrowing costs, enhance liquidity
and control inflation.

Phase I : Buy Phase Phase II: Sell Phase

Banks sell USD to the RBI at the FBIL Banks buy back USD from RBI at a
Reference Rate and receive Indian predetermined price at the end of the
Rupees (INR). swap period.

🗨️Tenor: 3 years
🗨️Spot Settlement Date: March 4, 2025
🗨️Far-leg settlement date: March 6, 2028
🗨️Participants: Authorised Dealers (ADs) Category 1 banks

T
♣️ In January 2025, the RBI had also injected liquidity worth over Rs 1.5 lakh crore
ES
through different instruments, including a $5 billion forex swap.
U
♣️ Rupee-Dollar Swap — a Monetary Policy Instrument —
SQ

Situation Object Measures Result

Inflation — Absorb the RBI sells dollars and Fall in aggregate

BC

higher money excess absorbs the demand leads to

supply liquidity(money equivalent amount of lower prices and
supply). INR from the decreases Inflation.
W

commercial banks.

Liquidity Increase money RBI buys dollars in Rise in aggregate

deficit in the supply to the exchange for rupees. demand leads to
banking market. economic growth.
system

♣️ Stabilizing the Rupee:When the rupee is depreciating (weakening against the

dollar), the RBI might sell dollars to increase their supply in the market, thus
potentially increasing the demand for the rupee and strengthening its value.

♣️ Rise in FOREX: Additionally, the forex swap is expected to strengthen India’s

foreign exchange reserves, which, despite being above $600 billion, have witnessed
a notable decline in recent months.
W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
68
 69

💭 RBI’s revised guidelines for Priority Sector Lending (PSL) :The Reserve
Bank of India has announced new guidelines for Priority Sector Lending (PSL) under the
Banking Regulation Act, 1949,effective from April 1, 2025.

💬 Definition: Priority Sector Lending (PSL) is an initiative regulated by the Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) that mandates banks to allocate a portion of their lending(or Adjusted Net Bank
Credit) to eight specific sectors including Agriculture,MSMEs,Education,Housing etc..PSL
ensures that vulnerable and underserved sections of society can access credit at lower
interest rates.

💬 Sectors: Agriculture, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Export Credit,
Education, Housing, Social Infrastructure, Renewable Energy, and Others.

💬 Eligible Weaker Sections —

a)Small and Marginal Farmers.

T
b)Distressed farmers indebted to non-institutional lenders.
c)Distressed persons other than farmers, with loan amount not exceeding ₹1 lakh per
ES
borrower.
d)Individual women beneficiaries up to ₹1 lakh per borrower.
U
e)Self Help Groups.
f)Persons with disabilities.
SQ

g)Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

h)Minority communities.
i)Beneficiaries under Government Sponsored Schemes such as National Rural Livelihood
BC

Mission (NRLM), National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM) and Self Employment Scheme
for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers (SRMS).
j)Beneficiaries of the Differential Rate of Interest (DRI) scheme.
W

k)Transgenders — *New entry in 2025.

Revised PSL Guidelines : Higher Loan Limits

Education Renewable Energy Housing Social Infrastructure

Upto ₹25 lakh Upto ₹35 crore for Loans limits are upto ₹8 crore per
for individuals renewable increased to boost borrower for setting
(including energy-based affordable housing. up schools, drinking
vocational power generators. water facilities etc
courses) Banks can now classify
Individual borrowers loans up to ₹50 lakh for Loans up to Rs12
can avail loans up cities with a population crore for healthcare
to ₹10 lakh for above 50 lakh, ₹45 lakh infrastructure in
renewable for cities with 10 lakh to smaller cities.
energy-based home 50 lakh people, and ₹35
solutions. lakh for smaller cities
with less than 10 lakh
residents.
 70

🗯️ Revision of PSL target for Primary (Urban) Co-operative Bank (UCBs) —

∆ Total Priority Sector: 60% of Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC)
∆ Micro Enterprises: 7.5%
∆ Advances to Weaker Sections: 12%

🗯️ Expansion of the ‘Weaker Sections’ Category —

The list of eligible borrowers under the ‘Weaker Sections’ category has been
expanded, it now includes transgenders, promoting financial inclusion and better
credit access for underprivileged groups.

💭 Revised Economic Capital Framework of the Reserve Bank of India:

The Board of Directors of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved a record

T
transfer of over 2.68 lakh crore rupees as surplus to the Central government for
ES
the financial year 2024-25 under the Economic Capital Framework.

The Economic Capital Framework (ECF),based on recommendations from the

U
Bimal Jalan Committee (2019) is an essential structure used by the Reserve Bank
SQ

of India (RBI) to decide the quantum of capital reserves that should be held by the
central bank. This framework determines the risk provisioning(Contingent Risk
Buffer) and surplus distribution policies for the RBI.For 2024-25, the CRB has been
BC

increased to 7.50 per cent.If the RBI raises the CRB, it keeps more of its profits
and gives less to the government.
W
 71

💭 The Local Currency Settlement System (LCSS) : The Reserve Bank of India
(RBI) and the Bank of Mauritius (BOM) have signed a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) to promote the use of local currencies (Indian Rupee and
Mauritian Rupee) for cross-border transactions. This framework will enable
exporters and importers to invoice and settle payments in their respective domestic
currencies for both current and permissible capital account transactions.

A local currency settlement system (LCSS) allows cross-border transactions

between two countries to be settled in their respective local currencies, rather than
relying on a third-party currency like the US dollar.

Objectives

Reduced Reliance on By settling transactions in local currencies,

Foreign Reserves countries reduce their need for large reserves of
foreign currencies like the US dollar.

T
Lowered Transaction Costs Using local currencies can simplify and reduce the
ES
costs associated with currency conversions and
transfers.
U
Appreciation of Indian By enabling transactions in rupees, LCSS can
Rupees encourage more international trade and
SQ

investment denominated in the rupee, thereby

increasing its demand.
BC

💭 RBI's Strategy to Diversify Forex Reserves : RBI has increased gold

W

purchases to diversify its Forex Reserves(FCA) to reduce dependence on US

dollars, hedge against inflation and currency risks.

India's foreign exchange reserves show an increased gold component, rising to

11.8% as of April 11, 2025, compared to 8.7% in the previous year.Besides,the RBI
recently moved 102 tonnes of gold from the UK to India, increasing domestic
reserves amid geopolitical uncertainties.

♣ ️Why is the Reserve Bank piling up tonnes of gold?— Gold is seen as a haven
asset during global economic crises and uncertainties due to US trade and tariff
policy.Besides,Gold has a reputation as a hedge against inflation. When the value of
currencies weakens due to inflation, gold tends to hold its value or even increase. It
protects the purchasing power of India's foreign reserves.
 72

💭 The Reserve Bank of India sold a record $398.71 billion in foreign currency in
2024-25 to stabilize the rupee.

💭 Variable Repo Rate: The Reserve Bank of India injected Rs 2,50,000 crore
through its Variable Rate Repo (VRR) auction to enhance liquidity in the banking
system.

Key Features

Auction Mechanism The RBI conducts VRR auctions (usually for 1-day to
14-day maturities) where banks submit bids for the
amount they want to borrow and the rate they are willing
to pay.

Market-Determined The interest rate is determined by the market forces of

Rates supply and demand, meaning banks bid for the most

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competitive rates.ES
Liquidity Infusion VRR is used to inject liquidity into the banking system
when banks might hesitate to borrow at the fixed repo
rate, especially when short-term interest rates are below
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that rate.
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Flexibility and It provides banks with greater flexibility in borrowing

Efficiency funds and helps to align borrowing costs with current
economic conditions.
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💭 RBI set the WMA limit at Rs 1.5 lakh crore : The Reserve Bank of India
(RBI) has set the limit for Ways and Means Advances (WMA) for the first half of
financial year 2026 (H1 FY26) at Rs 1.5 lakh crore.

Ways and Means Advances (WMAs) are temporary(should be repaid within 90

days) credit facilities provided by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to both the
central and state governments to borrow short-term funds from the RBI to meet
immediate financial requirements.

💭 Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) : Approximately 500 urban co-operative

banks (UCBs) currently under the RBI's Supervisory Action Framework (SAF) will
transition to the Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework starting April 1, 2025.

Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework of RBI is an qualitative tool that

provides RBI a structured mechanism to assess, monitor,
 73

control and take corrective measures on troubled Banks and Non-Banking Financial
Companies (NBFCs) in India.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced the Prompt
Corrective Action (PCA) framework in December 2002.

💭 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reported that 98.21% of the ₹2000
banknotes, announced for withdrawal from circulation on May 19, 2023, have been
returned to the banking system.

💭 India Becomes the World’s 4th Largest Economy: India has overtaken
Japan to become the world's fourth-largest economy,according to the latest World
Economic Outlook April 2025 edition of the International Monetary Fund(IMF).

The IMF also projects that India will become the third-largest economy by 2028, with
an expected GDP of $5.5 trillion by overtaking Germany.

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💭 For the year 2024, India has surpassed USA, France and UK to become the top
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source countries for FDI into Dubai.
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💭 Green Municipal Bonds : Ghaziabad issued India’s first Certified Green

SQ

Municipal Bond, raising ₹150 crore for a state-of-the-art Tertiary Sewage Treatment
Plant (TSTP).
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💭 NaBFID - All-India Financial Institution (AIFI) : The Reserve Bank of

India (RBI) has permitted the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and
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Development (NaBFID) to participate as an All-India Financial Institution (AIFI) in

financial markets.

∆ About NaBFID : —

● Established : 2021
● Headquarters : Mumbai, Maharashtra
● Chairman : KV Kamath

∆ All-India Financial Institutions (AIFIs) in India are specialized financial institutions

established to support specific sectors of the economy, such as agriculture,
infrastructure, and small industries. They are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India
(RBI)
 74

∆ There are 5 All-India Financial Institutions (AIFIs) in India as of May 28, 2025 —

1.National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

2.National Housing Bank (NHB)
3.Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
4.Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank)
5.National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID)

💭 One State One RRB: Amalgamation of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) — The
‘One State-One RRB’ (OS-OR) plan has been rolled out in 10 States and one
Union Territory (UT). This is the fourth phase of the consolidation programme for
regional rural banks (RRBs) that was initiated in 2005-06.

At present, 43 RRBs are functioning in 26 States and 2 union territories. Post

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amalgamation, there will be 28 RRBs in 26 states and 2 UTs.
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Amalgamation of RRBs
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Start 2004-05

Recommendation Dr. Vyas Committee (2001)

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Objective Operational Efficiency,Cost Rationalization,Enhanced

Credit Flow,Enhanced Credit Flow,Enhanced Financial
Inclusion
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Phases Phase I (2006–2010) — 196 RRBs to 82

Phase II (2013–2015)— 82 RRBs to 56
Phase III (2019–2021) — 56 RRBs to 43
Phase IV (2025) — 43 RRBs to 28

💭 "Grahak Mitras" initiative has been launched by the State Bank of India
(SBI). This initiative aims to encourage customers to use alternate banking channels
like ATMs, mobile banking, and internet banking, while also providing assistance at
SBI branches, particularly for those who are hesitant to use digital services or who
prefer in-person assistance, according to a senior bank executive from SBI.

💭 SBI has reintroduced its 'Amrit Vrishti' fixed deposit scheme with a 444-day
tenor, offering a maximum interest rate of 7.55% for senior citizens and 7.05% for the
general public.
 75

💭 State Bank of India (SBI) has launched two initiatives to empower women: the
"Asmita" digital SME loan and the "Nari Shakti" platinum debit card. The
Asmita loan is a collateral-free, digital loan designed to support women
entrepreneurs in expanding their businesses, while the Nari Shakti debit card aims to
increase financial inclusion and entrepreneurship among women.

💭 The State Bank of India has launched a massive employee engagement and
skill development initiative titled ‘Next LEAP’ and ‘SuPer SBI: Great to Greater’ to
make its workforce future-ready and boost performance, pride, and productivity.

💭 The State Bank of India has launched two new deposit schemes namely, Har
Ghar Lakhpati and SBI Patrons.

💭 The State Bank of India (SBI) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with
the Land Ports Authority of India (LPAI) to provide comprehensive banking services

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at 26 land ports across 8 Indian border states. This collaboration aims to improve
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infrastructure for cross-border trade and passenger movement, offering services like
forex, insurance, and digital banking.

💭 Bandhan Bank has launched a new savings account called 'Elite Plus', aimed at
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high net-worth individuals (HNIs). The account offers unlimited cash deposits and
free RTGS, NEFT, and IMPS transactions.

💭 HDFC Bank said it has become the first domestic bank to execute a gold forward
BC

deal from GIFT City, Gujarat.

💭 HDFC Bank, in collaboration with the Indian Air Force (IAF) and CSC Academy,
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has launched Project HAKK (Hawai Anubhavi Kalyan Kendra) to support IAF
veterans and their families.

💭 Bank of Baroda offers financial assistance through the Pradhan

Mantri-Vidyalaxmi Scheme, enabling students to pursue higher education in India
and abroad. This scheme provides education loans with favorable terms, including
potential interest subsidies and loan amounts of up to ₹10 lakh for India and ₹150
lakh for premier overseas institutions.

💭 YES BANK, India’s sixth-largest private sector bank, hosted the Export Conclave
2025 in collaboration with the World Trade Center (WTC) Mumbai at YES BANK
House.

💭 Yes Bank has been recognized as India's highest-rated bank in sustainability for
the third consecutive year, as per the S&P Global Corporate Sustainability
Assessment (CSA) 2024 and the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP).
 76

💭 Axis Bank launched the 9th edition of its Evolve seminar, which focuses on
helping Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) adapt to digital
transformation, innovation, and operational resilience.

💭 Punjab National Bank (PNB) became the first Indian bank to implement Clari5’s
NCRP Integration Solution, enabling real-time fraud prevention and efficient
complaint management.

💭 HSBC India has been granted approval by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to
establish 20 new branches across key cities, marking its largest expansion in over a
decade.

💭 Rupee112, a Gurgaon-based fintech startup, has launched India's first fully

automated loan disbursal service via WhatsApp.

💭 The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has released a framework for
T
ES
the operation of a performance validation agency, called the Past Risk and Return
Verification Agency (PaRRVA) to curb misleading claims about past performance in
advertisements related to financial products.
U
SQ

Under the framework, a SEBI-registered Credit Rating

Agency(Example-CRISIL,ICRA,CARE) meeting specific criteria (minimum 15 years
existence, ₹100 crore net worth, 250+ rated issuers) can apply to be recognized as a
BC

PaRRVA.

💭 According to the World Bank’s Poverty and Equity Briefs (PEBs), India’s
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extreme poverty dropped significantly from 16% in 2011–12 to 2.3% in 2022–23,

marking major progress in poverty reduction.

💭 The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has announced stricter

compliance for Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions, effective from
February 1, 2025. This means that no UPI apps can use special characters in their
transaction IDs, and any transactions using special characters will be declined.

∆ About NPCI:

● Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

● Founded: 2008
● Key Initiatives: Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Immediate Payment Service
(IMPS), RuPay (domestic card payment network), Bharat Bill Payment System
(BBPS), Aadhaar Enabled
Payment System (AePS)
 77

💭 The Indian government has confirmed an 8.25% interest rate on Employees'

Provident Fund (EPF) deposits for the financial year 2024-25.

💭India is expected to become the largest producer of potatoes globally by 2050,

according to experts from the International Potato Centre (CIP).

💭 In the fiscal year 2024-25, India's mining sector broke records, achieving all-time
high production in key minerals and non-ferrous metals.

Iron Production increased to 289 MMT, a 4.3% surge over the

previous record of 277 MMT, indicating strong demand from
the steel industry.

Manganese Production increased by 11.8% to 3.8 MMT.

Bauxite Production rose by 2.9% to 24.7 MMT.

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Lead Production increased by 3.1% to 393 thousand tonnes.
ES
Copper Production grew by 12.6% to 5.73 lakh tonnes.
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💭 Export Data: India's total exports hit a record high of $824.9 billion in FY
SQ

2024-25, a 6.01% increase from the previous year, according to data released by the
Reserve Bank of India.
BC

Total Export Reached $824.9 billion, a 6.01% increase over the

previous year.
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Service Export Hit a record $387.5 billion, a 13.6% increase.

Non-Petroleum Reached $374.1 billion, a 6.0% increase.

Merchandise
Exports:

Pharmaceuticals India's pharmaceutical exports reached a record $30

billion in FY25.

💭 India and Asian Development Bank Ink $98 Million Loan Agreement to Boost
Plant Health in Horticulture Sector.

💭India and Japan have renewed their $75 billion bilateral currency swap
agreement, effective from February 28, 2025. This arrangement allows the two
countries to exchange their local currencies for US dollars, acting as a financial
safety net and promoting regional and global financial stability.
 78

💭 India has imposed a 12% safeguard duty on certain steel imports for 200 days,
aiming to protect domestic steel manufacturers from a surge in imports, particularly
from China, South Korea, and Japan.

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ES
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SQ
BC
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 79

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ES
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SQ
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Union Budget 205-26: Key Initiatives

 80

The Finance Minister presented the Union Budget 2025-26 with the theme “Sabka
Vikas” stimulating balanced growth of all regions.

∆ 4 Engines : The Union Budget highlights that Agriculture, MSME, Investment, and
Exports are engines in the journey to Viksit Bharat using reforms as fuel, guided by
the spirit of inclusivity.

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ES
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SQ

1st Engine: Agriculture

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🗨️ National Mission on High Yielding Seeds: The National Mission on

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High-Yielding Seeds will be launched to drive research and commercial availability of

over 100 climate-resilient and pest-resistant seed varieties.

🗨️ Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana: The government will launch the
Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana in 100 low-productivity districts to boost
agriculture, irrigation and storage. The initiative will benefit 1.7 crore farmers.

🗨️ Aatmanirbharta in Pulses: The government is set to launch a 6-year initiative,

Mission for Atma Nirbharta in Pulses, specifically targeting Tur, Urad, and Masoor
pulses. Central agencies (NAFED and NCCF) will procure these pulses from
registered farmers during the next 4 years.

🗨️ Mission for Cotton Productivity: A new 5-year ‘Mission for Cotton Productivity’
will be introduced to facilitate productivity and sustainability of cotton farming.

🗨️ Makhana Board: A Makhana Board will be established in Bihar to enhance

production, processing, value addition and marketing of Makhana.
 81

🗨️ Urea Plant: To boost urea supply, the government will set up a new plant with a
12.7 lakh metric ton annual capacity in Namrup, Assam.

🗨️ Credit Enhancement Under KCC: The loan limit under the Modified Interest
Subvention Scheme for Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) will increase from Rs. 3 lakh to
Rs. 5 lakh, supporting 7.7 crore farmers, fishermen, and dairy farmers.

🗨️ Fisheries: A new framework will enable sustainable fisheries development in

India’s Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas, focusing on the Andaman &
Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands.

2nd Engine: MSMEs

🗨️ Revision in Classification for MSMEs: The classification limit of MSMEs is

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revised and increased.
ES
U
SQ
BC
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🗨️ Enhancement of Credit Availability: There has been a significant enhancement

in credit availability, which is as follows: —

∆ Micro and Small enterprises credit guarantee cover will be enhanced to Rs. 10
crore from the present Rs. 5 crore. The benefit will accrue over the next 5 years,
translating to an additional Rs. 1.5 lakh crore in credit.

∆ The credit guarantee cover for startups will be enhanced to Rs. 20 crore from the
present Rs. 10 crore, with the guarantee fee being moderated to 1% for loans in 27
focus sectors provided for Atmanirbhar Bharat.
∆ Credit guarantee is increased for term loans up to Rs. 20 crore for well-run
exporter MSMEs.
 82

🗨️ Credit Cards for Micro Enterprises: Credit cards with a Rs. 5 lakh limit will be
introduced for micro-enterprises registered on the Udyam portal. In the first year, 10
lakh cards will be issued.

🗨️ New Fund of Funds: A new Fund of Funds will be set up with expanded scope
and a fresh contribution of Rs. 10,000.

🗨️ New Scheme for First-Time Entrepreneurs: A new scheme will be introduced

for 5 lakh women, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes first-time entrepreneurs.
This scheme will provide term loans up to Rs. 2 crore for the next 5 years. Online
capacity building for managerial skills entrepreneurship will also be organised.

🗨️ Scheme for Footwear and Leather Sectors: A focus product scheme will be
implemented to support the production of non-leather quality footwear. It will facilitate
22 lakh jobs, with a turnover of Rs. 4 lakh crore of revenues and Rs. 1.1 lakh crore in

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exports. ES
🗨️ Scheme for Toy Sector: A new scheme will be implemented to make India a
global hub for toys. The scheme will focus on developing skills and clusters and
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create a manufacturing ecosystem with sustainable toys representing the 'Made in
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India' brand.

🗨️ Support for Food Processing: A National Institute of Food Technology,

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Entrepreneurship, and Management will be established in Bihar to boost food

processing activities in the entire Eastern region.
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3rd Engine: Investment

🗨️ Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan: Saksham Anganwadi & Poshan 2.0 to

deliver improved nutrition to 8 crore children, 1 crore pregnant women, and 20 lakh
adolescent girls.

🗨️ Atal Tinkering Labs: 50,000 Atal Tinkering Labs to be set up in government

schools in the next 5 years for curiosity and innovation.

🗨️ National Centres of Excellence: 5 National Centres of Excellence for Skilling to

be launched with global partnerships for ‘Make for India, Make for the World’
manufacturing. A Rs. 500 crore AI Centre of Excellence will be set up to focus on
education.
 83

🗨️ Expansion of Capacity in IITs: IIT infrastructure expansion to add 6,500 seats in

5 IITs set up after 2014, along with additional facilities at IIT Patna.

🗨️ Expansion of Capacity in Medical Education: 10,000 medical seats to be

added next year, with a goal of 75,000 seats in 5 years.

🗨️ Daycare Cancer Centres: Daycare Cancer Centres to be established in all

district hospitals, with 200 centres to be initiated in 2025-26.

🗨️ Public Private Partnership in Infrastructure: Infrastructure-related ministries to

develop a 3-year pipeline of projects in PPP mode.

🗨️ Support to States: States are proposed to receive 50-year interest-free loans

with an outlay of Rs. 1.5 lakh crore for capital expenditure and incentives for reforms.

🗨️ Second Asset Monetization Plan: Second Asset Monetization Plan (2025-30) to

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unlock Rs. 10 lakh crore for new projects. ES
🗨️ Jal Jeevan Mission: Jal Jeevan Mission to be extended till 2028 with an
increased total outlay.
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🗨️ Maritime Development Fund: Maritime Development Fund to provide long-term

SQ

finance for the sector with a size of Rs. 25,000 crore, with up to 49% contribution by
the government and the balance from private sector and ports.
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🗨️ Shipbuilding Financial Assistance Policy: The Shipbuilding Financial

Assistance Policy will be revamped to include Credit Notes for shipbreaking in Indian
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yards and changes in the Shipbuilding Clusters. Large ships above a specified size
will be included in the infrastructure Harmonized Master List (HML).

🗨️ Greenfield Airports: Greenfield airports will be developed in Bihar. Along with

that, there will be an expansion of Patna and a brownfield airport at Bihta.

🗨️ Western Koshi Canal Project: Western Koshi Canal ERM project that will
benefit 50,000 hectares of land under cultivation in Bihar.

🗨️ SWAMIH Fund 2: SWAMIH (Special Window for Affordable and Mid-Income

Housing) Fund 2, which has a size of Rs. 15,000 crore, will fasten the completion of
1 lakh pending dwelling units, with contribution from the banks, government, and
private investors.

🗨️ FDI in Insurance Sector: The FDI limit in the insurance sector is raised from
74% to 100% for companies that invest the entire premium within India.
 84

🗨️ Grameen Credit Score: Public Sector Banks to develop a ‘Grameen Credit

Score’ framework for credit needs of SHG members and people in rural areas.

🗨️ R & D and Innovation: Rs. 20,000 crore allocated for private sector-led
Research, Development and Innovation announced in the previous Budget.

🗨️ National Geospatial Mission: A National Geospatial Mission to be launched to

develop foundational geospatial data and infrastructure.

🗨️ Gyan Bharatam Mission: Gyan Bharatam Mission to be undertaken for survey,

documentation, and conservation of over 1 crore manuscripts.

🗨️ Gene Bank: Second Gene Bank with 10 lakh germplasm lines to be set up for
future food and nutritional security.

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4th Engine: Exports

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🗨️ Export Promotion Mission: The Export Promotion Mission will be set up to

facilitate easy access to cross-border factoring support, export credit, and support for
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MSMEs to tackle non-tariff measures in overseas markets with sectoral and

ministerial targets, driven jointly by the Ministries of MSME, commerce, and finance.

🗨️ BharatTradeNet: A platform for digital public infrastructure, ‘BharatTradeNet’

(BTN), will be launched to ease documentation and financing in trade,
complementing the Unified Logistics Interface Platform. This will align with
international norms.

🗨️ National Framework for GCC: A national guidance framework will be

implemented to attract GCCs (Global Capability Centres) to tier-2 cities through
enhancing talent and infrastructure.

Gist of Economic Survey 2024-25

 85

Real GDP Growth in FY 2025 6.4%

Estimated Real GDP growth 6.3%-6.8%

in FY 2026

Gross Value Added (GVA) 6.4%

growth in FY 24

Current Account Deficit 1.2% of GDP

(CAD)

Forex Reserve USD 640.3 billion (Dec 2024)

Capital expenditure (CAPEX) 8.2%

growth

FDI inflows growth 17.9%

Renewable energy capacity 15.8%

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growth ES
Retail inflation 4.9%

Food Inflation 8.4%

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Main Import Partner 1.China 2.USA 3.UAE

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Main Export Partner 1.USA 2.China 3.UAE

Agriculture Sector ■ Growth: 3.8%

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∆ Agriculture contributes 16% to GDP in FY24.

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∆ The Indian agriculture sector provides livelihood

support to about 42.3% of the population.

∆ MSP increases for Arhar and Bajra by 59% and

77%, respectively.

∆ The fisheries sector has shown the highest

compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.7%,
followed by livestock with a CAGR of 8%.

∆ Kisan Credit Cards (KCC): 7.75 crore accounts.

∆ PM Fasal Bima Yojana (Crop Insurance): 4

crore farmers enrolled, covering 600 LMT hec.

Industrial Sector ■ Growth: 6.2% .

∆ India's manufacturing sector holds a 2.8% global

 86

share, significantly behind China’s 28.8%, but

presents a major opportunity for expansion .

∆ The domestic production of electronic goods has

grown at a CAGR of 17.5% from FY15 to FY24.

∆ In FY24, the Indian automobile domestic sales

grew by 12.5%.

∆ The MSME sector employs 23.24 crore people,

with 2.39 crore businesses formalized under Udyam
Assist.

∆ The Pharmaceutical industry in India is the

third largest in the world in terms of volume and
14th largest in terms of value.

Service Sector ■ Growth: 7.2% .

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ES
∆ The services sector contributed 55% to India’s
Gross Value Added (GVA) in FY25, up from 50.6%
in FY14, and employs 30% of the workforce .
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∆ India ranked 7th in global services exports
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(4.3% share)

∆ Information and computer-related services grew at

12.8%.
BC

External Sector ■ Growth: 6 % .

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∆ The FPIs fluctuated due to global uncertainties,

though India’s strong economic fundamentals kept
overall inflows positive.

Social Sectors Decline in income inequality.

Unemployment Declined to 3.2% in FY24.

Housing Under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Gramin

(PMAY-G), 2.69 crore houses have been built,
enhancing rural housing infrastructure.

Drinking Water 11.7 crore households provided tap water

connection under Jal Jeevan
Mission

National Highways 5853 km of National Highways constructed in FY25

.
 87

National Infrastructure Rs 111 lakh crore investment from FY20-FY25,

Pipeline (NIP) covering 9,766 projects across 37 sub-sectors .

Road Construction Bharatmala Pariyojana advanced, with 76% of the

34,800 km highway projects awarded (projects
covering a total length of 26,425 km have been
awarded and 18,714 km has been constructed).

Railways 2031 km of railway network commissioned

(Apr-Nov 2024), 17 new Vande Bharat trains
introduced.

The Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail project

achieved 47.17% physical progress .

Indian Railways recorded an 8% growth in

passenger traffic originating in FY24.

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Aviation UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) regional
connectivity scheme operationalized 619 routes
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connecting 88 airports, increasing air connectivity
and cargo handling capacity .
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India currently operates 56 active space assets.
SQ

Ports Vadhavan Mega Port was launched under the

Sagarmala Programme.
BC

Drinking Water Under the Jal Jeevan Mission, over 12 crore families
have gained access to piped drinking water since its
launch.
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Electrification 18,374 villages electrified and 2.9 crore households

connected under Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram
Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) and SAUBHAGYA.

Employment and Skill India’s unemployment rate declined from 6%

Development (2017-18) to 3.2% (2023-24), with labour force
participation (LFPR) rising to 60.1%.

With around 26% of the population in the age group

of 10-24 years, India stands at the cusp of a unique
demographic opportunity.

The working-age population (15-59 years) reached

923.9 million (2026 projection), offering a
demographic dividend (26% of the population aged
10-24).
 88

The female LFPR grew from 23.3% (2017-18) to

41.7% (2023-24), driven by rural women’s
participation.

Self-employment rose to 58.4%, while regular wage

jobs remained at 21.7%.

The National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme

(NAPS) has seen women’s apprenticeship share
grow from 7.7% in FY17 to 22.8% in FY25.

Women’s participation in skilling programs under the

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
reached 58% in FY25, reflecting increased
inclusivity in vocational training.

The eShram portal has registered over 30.51 crore

unorganised workers by 31 December 2024,

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creating a National Database of Unorganised
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Workers (NDUW).

Banking In FY25-April-Dec, RBI's MPC sustained the repo

rate at 6.5% while shifting the policy stance from
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''withdrawal of accommodation'' to "neutral" in
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October and reducing CRR to 4% in December.

Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) recorded a

Capital-to-Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio, or CRAR, of
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16.7% as of the close of September 2024.

Others As per the IMF, the global inflation rate moderated to

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5.7% by 2024 from its peak of 8.7% in 2022.

To realize the vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047, India

will need to achieve a growth rate of around 8% at
constant prices, on average, for about a decade or
two.

The share of renewable energy in India’s total

installed capacity now stands at 47%.

Over 10,700 villages were covered under 4G mobile

services by December 2024.

99% smartphones are now manufactured

domestically, drastically reducing India’s
dependence on imports.

The credit-GDP gap narrowed to (-) 0.3% in Q1 of

FY25 from (-) 10.3% in Q1 of FY23.
 89

India’s insurance market continued its upward

trajectory, with total insurance premiums growing by
7.7% in FY24.

For rural areas, the Gini coefficient declined to 0.237

in 2023-24 from 0.266 in 2022-23.

The gross non-performing assets (GNPAs) of

Scheduled Commercial Banks declined to a 12-year
low of 2.6% of gross loans and advances at the end
of September 2024.

Under Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, ₹3.6 lakh

crore was realized in resolution of 1,068 plans till
September 2024.

Cement and steel production has steadily increased,

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supporting infrastructure and industrial growth.
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National and States Current Affairs 2025

Central Government Schemes 2025

Scheme Ministry Object

Prime Minister Ministry of To address issues in 100 districts with

Dhan-Dhaanya Agriculture & low productivity, moderate crop
Farmers' Welfare intensity, and below-average credit
Krishi Yojana parameters. It seeks to improve
irrigation, facilitate credit, and promote
sustainable agriculture practices.

National Critical Ministry of Mines To increase exploration efforts,

Mineral Mission including in offshore areas like

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polymetallic nodules rich in cobalt,
(NCMM) ES
REEs, nickel, and manganese.

Under this mission, the Geological

Survey of India (GSI) has been tasked
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with conducting 1,200 exploration
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projects from 2024-25 to 2030-31.

National Ministry of To support small, medium and large

Manufacturing Commerce and industries through 5 core pillars —
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Industry
Mission Ease cost of doing business
Development for in-demand jobs
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Supporting MSME’s
Accessing modern technology; and
Producing quality products

National Mission Ministry of To significantly increase domestic

for Edible Agriculture and oilseed production, reducing the
Farmers Welfare reliance on imports.
Oilseed
The mission aims to increase domestic
edible oil production to 25.45 million
tonnes by 2030-31, meeting around
72% of India's projected domestic
demand. The Value Chain Clusters will
be managed by value chain partners
like FPOs, cooperatives, and public or
private entities, creating a collaborative
ecosystem for oilseed production.

PM-YUVA 3.0 Ministry of To identify and support young, aspiring

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Education writers, providing them with the

guidance and resources needed to
hone their craft.

Modified Interest Ministry of Finance Short-term crop loans and loans for
Subvention allied agricultural activities like animal
husbandry, beekeeping, fisheries, etc.,
Scheme (MISS) through the Kisan Credit Card (Card) at
a subsidised fixed rate of interest of
7%.

Bharatiya Bhasha To provide digital textbooks and

Pustak Scheme educational resources in Indian
languages for school and university
students.

It aligns with the NEP (National

Education Policy) 2020 vision to

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promote multilingualism and
emphasises mother-tongue-based
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education.

It will help to achieve the

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ASMITA(Augmenting Study Materials in
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Indian Languages through Translation

and Academic Writing) aim of
developing 22,000 books in Indian
languages in the next five years.
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"One Nation One Ministry of To provide country-wide access to

Subscription" Education international high impact scholarly
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research articles and journal

(ONOS) scheme publications.

'Jalwahak' Ministry of Ports, To incentivise cargo movement via

Scheme Shipping and inland waterways, across National
Waterways Waterways 1 (Ganga), 2
(Brahmaputra), and 16 (Barak river).

NAKSHA Ministry of Rural To modernize urban land records and

(NAtional Development boost transparency in property
ownership and transactions.
geospatial
Knowledge-based
land Survey of
urban
HAbitations)
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Project VISTAAR Ministry of To Access Agricultural Resources) is a

Agriculture and pilot initiative aimed at transforming
Farmers Welfare India's agricultural extension services
through digitalization.

ADITI Scheme Ministry of Defence To achieve self-reliance and foster

innovation and technology development
in Defence and Aerospace.

The central government has approved a minimum support price (MSP) of Rs 2369
per quintal (Rs 2300 per quintal last year) for the common paddy crops to be
grown in the kharif season of the 2025-26 agricultural marketing season.

Gujarat has become the leading state in India under the MISHTI (Mangrove
Initiative for Shoreline Habitats and Tangible Incomes) scheme, having planted
mangroves over 19,020 hectares in just two years.

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State Government Schemes

Scheme Name State Purpose

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Mukhya Mantri Yuva UP To train one lakh young

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Udyami Vikas Abhiyan entrepreneurs annually with loans of

up to Rs 5 lakh, supported by a Rs
1,000 crore allocation in the 2024-25
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budget.

Mukhyamantri Ekal Uttarakhand To make single women self-reliant

and empowered, to give them
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Mahila Swarozgar
self-employment in the village itself.
Yojana

Pragati Patha Scheme Karnataka To develop 7,110 km of rural roads at a

cost of Rs 5,190 crore.

Project Hifazat Punjab To safeguard women and children from

domestic violence, workplace
harassment, and other forms of abuse.

Mahila Samriddhi Scheme Delhi To empower women financially and

encourage self-reliance by promoting
entrepreneurship and providing access
to microfinance and skill development
opportunities.Financial Assistance up to
the cost of Rs. 1,40,000/- is provided.

Ayushman Vay Vandana Delhi To give free treatment up to Rs 10 lakh

Scheme for senior citizens above 70 years of
age.
 93

Rajiv Yuva Vikasam Telangana To foster economic growth and reduce

unemployment by empowering
Scheme
youth.Young individuals from Telangana
state can receive concessional loans of
up to Rs. 3 lakh.

Mahri Laado Radio Haryana To empower women and girls across

the state by providing critical information
Programme
and resources.

Rajya Vishisht Yojana Haryana To tackle stubble burning, aiming to

protect air quality during the harvest
season.

“Nirbhay Kadhi”(Fearless Odisha To prevent child marriage and empower

adolescent girls. "Nirbhay Kadhi"
Bud) and "Mo Gelha
focuses on tracking and monitoring
Jhia" (My Dear adolescent girls (10-19 years) through
Daughter) committees at various levels, while "Mo
Gelha Jhia" aims to boost self-esteem

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ES and confidence in girls.

Bana Kaih (Handholding) Mizoram To empower the economically weaker

sections of the society including farmers
Scheme
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and small-scale entrepreneurs.
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Shahid Madho Singh Odisha To provides ₹5,000 financial assistance

to Scheduled Tribe (ST) students
Haath Kharcha Scheme
enrolling in Class IX and XI, aiming to
reduce dropout rates and promote
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education.

'Antyodaya Gruha Odisha To provide financial assistance to

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vulnerable, landless, and

Yojana'
disaster-affected families so they can
build safe, permanent house.

Deepam 2.0 Andhra Pradesh To give free gas cylinders to women,

aiming to provide clean cooking energy
and improve living conditions.

Mission Basundhara 3.0 Assam To empower indigenous communities by

granting them land ownership.

Mukhya Mantri Mahila Assam To support women SHG (Self Help

Udyamita Abhiyan Group) members to become Rural Micro
- Entrepreneurs/ Lakhpati Baideu.

Nodi Bandhan Scheme West Bengal To combat natural calamities and

enhance livelihoods in riverine areas.

Indira Soura Giri Jala Telangana To empower 2.1 lakh tribal farmers by
Vikasam providing solar powered irrigation
facilities and ensuring comprehensive
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development of six lakh acres of Rights

of Forest Records (RoFR) lands

Pandit Lakhmi Chand Haryana To provide financial assistance and

Kalakar Samajik Samman social security to senior artists in
Haryana, recognizing their contributions
Yojana to the arts and culture.

Jyothi Scheme Kerala To support the education of children of

migrant workers.

The 76th Indian Republic Day 2025

Theme “Swarnim Bharat – Virasat aur Vikas” (Golden India – Heritage

and Development)

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Guest of Honour Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto
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Parade Held at Kartavya Path (formerly Rajpath) in New Delhi

Tableaux Fifteen states and Union Territories

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Presentations
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best tableau Uttar Pradesh for "Mahakumbh 2025”

award
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Awards 139 Padma Awards and 93 Gallantry awards were conferred

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Operation Sindoor

Mission It is a retaliatory military strike for the April 22, 2025,

Pahalgam terror attack, where 26 Indian civilians (mostly
tourists) were brutally killed.

An armed group called The Resistance Front (TRF),

which demands independence for Kashmir, claimed
responsibility for the Pahalgam attack.

Launch Date May 7, 2025

Targeted Locations nine terror infrastructures in Pakistan and

Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK).

Bahawalpur: Headquarters of Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM)

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Muridke: Major base of Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT)
Muzaffarabad: Hizbul Mujahideen hideout
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Kotli: Hizbul Mujahideen hideout
Rawalakot: Lashkar-e-Taiba camp
Peshawar: Jaish-e-Mohammed camp
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Sialkot: Lashkar-e-Taiba training center
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Islamabad: Jaish-e-Mohammed facility

Quetta: Lashkar-e-Taiba base

Weapons Used Missiles: Scalp,Hammer,Akash,BrahMos.

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Drones: Harop,SkyStriker.
Fighter Jets: Rafale, Su-30 MKI, Mirage 2000
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Air Defence System: Akashteer,S-400

🗨️ Vizhinjam International Seaport: India’s 1st semi-automated

deep-sea port : Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned the Vizhinjam
International Deepwater Multipurpose Seaport in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, on
2nd May 2025.

∆ Features —

🗨️ India’s 1st dedicated container transshipment port. Until now, about 75 per
cent of India's transshipment containers were handled by Colombo Port in Sri Lanka,
leading to significant losses in foreign exchange and revenue for India.

🗨️ India's first home-built, AI-powered Vessel Traffic Management System,

developed with IIT Madras.
 96

🗨️ It is the largest port project to be undertaken by any state government in India.

🗨️ Situated just 10 nautical miles from the international east–west shipping route
connecting Europe, the Persian Gulf and the Far East,Vizhinjam is poised to become
a pivotal transshipment hub, reducing India’s reliance on ports like Colombo,
Singapore, and Dubai.

🗨️ The breakwater at Vizhinjam is the deepest in India and stretches nearly three
kilometres.

🗨️ Historians claim that Balita, a port with considerable commercial importance

which finds mention in the first century AD historical travelogue The Periplus of the
Erythraean Sea, is Vizhinjam’s old name.

🗨️ The first phase of this public private partnership (PPP) project cost ₹8,867 crore

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and was developed by the State Government of Kerala (₹5,595 crore), with the
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support of concessionaire Adani Ports (₹2,454 crore) and the Union Government
(which provided a Viability Gap Funding (VGF) of ₹817.8 crore with repayment
conditions).
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🗨️ The new Pamban Bridge: India’s first vertical-lift railway sea bridge
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Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated India's first vertical lift railway sea
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bridge, the new Pamban Bridge, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It replaces the
original Pamban Bridge(1914) which couldn't accommodate increasing traffic and
modern transportation needs.

Builder Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL)

Connectivity Rameswaram to Mandapam on the mainland.

Length 2.07 kilometres

Track type Double-track and electrification compatible

Year of sanction 2019

Construction Cost 535 Cr

Lifespan 100 years

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💭 The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP): The Siang Upper

Multipurpose Project (SUMP) is a proposed 11,000 MW hydroelectric dam on the
Siang River in Arunachal Pradesh, India, aimed at addressing water security
concerns and energy generation.

Capacity 11,000 MW.

Purpose ∆Address water security concerns and energy generation.

∆Counter China's hydropower projects in the upper

reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo river.

Strategic SUMP is seen as a strategic response to China's

Importance hydropower projects on the Yarlung Tsangpo, which is a
shared river system.

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Concerns The project could have significant environmental risks,
including harm to local ecosystems, displacement of
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wildlife, and impact on the river's natural flow.
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SQ

🗨️ Kosi Mechi Intra-State Link Project —

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The Cabinet has approved the inclusion of Bihar's Kosi Mechi Intra-State Link
Project under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana-Accelerated Irrigation
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Benefits Programme (PMKSY-AIBP) to enhance irrigation and flood management in

the region.

Under this project, excess water of Kosi(“Sorrow of Bihar”) river will be diverted to
the Mahananda river basin in Bihar by way of remodelling existing Eastern Kosi Main
Canal to reach the Mechi River,tributary of the Mahananda River.

Object Irrigation and flood management

Water Diversion 148 cumecs

Beneficiary Districts Araria, Purnia, Kishanganj, and Katihar

Estimated cost Rs.6,282.32 crore

Completion year 2029

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🗨️ Solar Installations in Indian Railways : Indian Railways has installed 2,249

solar power plants across the country, totaling 209 MW, by February 2025.Rajasthan
leads in solar power expansion with the highest 275 Installations units among all
states with Maharashtra (270) and West Bengal (237) following closely behind. This
effort is part of Indian Railways’ broader mission to become a net-zero carbon
emitter by 2030.

At the Global Investors Summit 2025 in Bhopal, India’s Minister for Railways, Mr
Ashwini Vaishnaw, outlined Indian Railways’ vision for electrification and the
adoption of alternative energy sources.

The first DEMU (Diesel Electrical Multiple Units) train of India solar-powered coaches
was launched on July 14, 2017 at Safdarjung Railway Station.

🗨️ India's first-ever AI-powered Gold Melting ATM has been launched by Goldsikka
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Limited,a Hyderabad-based Public Limited Company.The ATM offers users the ability
to buy, sell, exchange, lease, digitize and monetize gold and gold jewellery.

🗨️ Madhya Pradesh has become the first state to implement an Artificial Intelligence
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SQ

(AI)-based real-time forest alert system designed for active forest management.

🗨️ MICT : India’s largest international cruise terminal — The Mumbai International

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Cruise Terminal (MICT) officially started its operations on 21 April to greatly enhance
maritime tourism in India.
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The Mumbai International Cruise Terminal has been developed under the Cruise
Bharat Mission of the Government of India.The Terminal can handle 10,000
passengers per day and around 10 lakh passengers every year.

🗨️ Sonprayag to Kedarnath Ropeway Project —

The Government of India has indeed approved the construction of a 12.9 km
ropeway connecting Sonprayag to Kedarnath. The project, part of the National
Ropeways Development Programme – Parvatmala Pariyojana, aims to improve
pilgrimage access and reduce travel time.Kedarnath ropeway will be at a height of
3,583 meters above sea level and will be among the world's longest ropeways.

Length 12.9 km

Altitude 3,583 meters

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Capacity 1,800 passengers per hour per direction, carrying 18,000 per
day.

Time Reduction From 8-9 hours to 36 minutes.

Development Public-Private Partnership

Model

Project Cost ₹4,081.28 crore.

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🗨️ Amit Shah inaugurated development projects worth Rs 800 crore in Bihar,

focusing on transforming the cooperative sector and boosting infrastructure
development, including agriculture, food storage, roads, police buildings, and
drinking water supply.

🗨️ Gorakhpur Nuclear Power Project: North India's first Nuclear project —Gorakhpur
Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojana (GHAVP) is coming up in Gorakhpur,Haryana.

🗨️ Z-Morh Tunnel —
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Z-Morh Tunnel Project in Sonamarg,
Jammu & Kashmir,making the Sonamarg tourist resort accessible year-round.Along
with the ongoing Zojila tunnel project, the Z-Morh tunnel will provide uninterrupted
 100

connectivity to both the Baltal and Ladakh regions, supporting both civilian and
military traffic.

Type Two-lane bi-directional road tunnel.

Connectivity Gagangir and Sonamarg along the NH1 Srinagar-Leh

Highway.

Length 6.5 km

Altitude 2,637 metres (8,652 feet)

Cost Rs 2,700 crore

💭 India’s Coastline Expansion : In December 2024, the Union Ministry of Home

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ES
Affairs announced a revision of India's coastline length, increasing it from 7,516.6
km to 11,098.8 km. This revision is due to improved mapping techniques and is not
a result of any territorial changes. The re-measurement was conducted by the
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National Hydrographic Office (NHO) and the Survey of India (SoI).

🗨️ Telangana becomes first state to implement SC sub-categorisation.

SQ

🗨️ Kerala becomes India's first state to establish a Senior Citizens Commission to

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safeguard elderly rights and promote their welfare.

🗨️ Rajasthan has the highest number of solar power plants installed at Indian
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Railways stations and service buildings, with 275 installations.

🗨️ Indore launches India's first green waste processing plant under a

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model to reduce air pollution, improve air quality,
and decrease reliance on coal. This initiative falls under the Swachh Bharat
Mission-Urban (Clean India Mission - Urban).

💭 Kozhikode city has received global recognition by becoming a member of the

World Health Organization’s Global Network for Age-friendly Cities and Communities
(GNAFCC).

💭 Mizoram has been declared India’s first fully literate state.

💭 Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh's planned capital, aims to be the world's first city
powered entirely by renewable energy, targeting 2,700 MW of green energy.The
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Government of Andhra Pradesh is also setting up India’s first Quantum Computing

Village in Amaravati to boost research and innovation.

💭 India's first prototype fast-breeder reactor (500 MW) in Tamil Nadu's

Kalpakkam is expected to be commissioned in 2026.

💭 Masali, a village in Gujarat's Banaskantha district, has been recognized as

India's first "border solar village".

💭 Chennai has become home to India's first diabetes biobank, established by

the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

💭 Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma announced that Eastern Assam's
Dibrugarh will be developed as “the second capital” of Assam.

💭 Odisha becomes the 34th state to implement Ayushman Bharat Pradhan

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Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana scheme. ES
💭 Uttar Pradesh has become the first state in India to fully integrate its
procurement process with the Government e-Marketplace (GeM).
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💭 Srinagar Named 4th Indian ‘World Craft City’ by World Craft Council.
SQ

💭 Madhya Pradesh has pioneered India’s first AI-powered real-time forest alert
BC

system,

💭 Electric vehicle sales 2024 Report: Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of EVs
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at 5.7 lakh, followed by Maharashtra with 3 lakh, Karnataka (2.4 lakh) and Delhi (2.3
lakh).

💭 Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, inaugurated the

National Turmeric Board in New Delhi with Palle Ganga Reddy as its first
chairperson.

💬 West Bengal's Purulia district(Panchet hill) now houses the first astronomical
observatory in Eastern India.

💭 Uttar Pradesh launched India’s first Vistadome jungle safari train on May 26,
2025, connecting the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve and Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary.
This initiative aims to promote eco-tourism and wildlife conservation awareness
through an immersive panoramic rail journey.
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💭 Maharashtra approved a new policy making the use of artificial sand, or

manufactured sand (m-sand), mandatory in all government and
semi-government construction projects.

💭 Telangana has been chosen as the host for the 72nd Miss World pageant,
scheduled from May 10 to 31.

💭 Madhya Pradesh has been approved for the ₹2,100 crore PM MITRA Textile
Park, a significant initiative under the central government’s plan to strengthen India’s
textile sector.

💭 The Railway Board has approved a new chord rail line project between Karhi and
Sagma in Madhya Pradesh, which is expected to improve railway connectivity and
reduce congestion.

💭 Indian Railways' first 9,000 HP electric locomotive engine was unveiled by PM

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Narendra Modi in Dahod,Gujarat.
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💭 Operation Brahma : India launched Operation Brahma to provide necessary
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SQ

support, including Search and Rescue (SAR), humanitarian aid, disaster relief and
medical assistance, following the 7.7-magnitude devastating earthquake that has
killed more than 2,000 people and injured nearly 4,000 others in Myanmar on 28th
BC

March 2025.

💭 Operation Eleven: The Uttar Pradesh government has implemented this special
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crowd management plan for ‘Amrit Snan’ on Basant Panchami at Maha Kumbh.

INS Satpura and INS Savitri were deployed in Operation Brahma.These ships,
carrying 40 tonnes of relief material, played a key role in delivering aid to Yangon.
Besides the ships, India also deployed a C-130J military transport aircraft and a field
hospital with 118 medical personnel to Yangon.

💭 Operation Hawk 2025 was launched by the Central Bureau of Investigation

(CBI) to dismantle global online child sexual exploitation networks.

💭 Karnataka has been selected as the location for India’s first private helicopter
assembly facility.

💭 Tamil Nadu launched its Space Industrial Policy in April 2025 with the goal of
attracting ₹10,000 crore in investments and creating 10,000 direct and indirect jobs
over the next five years.
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💭 Tamil Nadu leads in employing women in the formal manufacturing sector,

accounting for 41% of the total female workforce in this space.

💭 The Pink E-Rickshaw initiative launched in Maharashtra aims to empower

women by providing them with eco-friendly transportation options.

💭 Telangana has indeed launched T-SHIELD, a cybersecurity hardware lab, to

enhance its cyber defense capabilities.

💭 The Modi Memento Museum was recently launched in the state of Bihar by
entrepreneur Yamuna Sikariya from Motihari.

💭 For the first time, Indian Railways has introduced an ATM inside a train,
allowing passengers on the Mumbai-Manmad Panchavati Express to withdraw

T
cash during their journey. ES
💭 Western Railway has teamed up with the popular cartoon character Chhota
Bheem to spread messages about railway safety.
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💭 Meghalaya was honoured with two national awards by the Unique Identification
SQ

Authority of India (UIDAI) on April 8, 2025, for outstanding performance in Aadhaar

implementation.
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🗨️ Prime Minister laid the foundation stone of 800 MW modern thermal power unit of
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Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Plant and a GOBAR DHAN Plant at
Yamuna Nagar,Haryana.

💭 President of India, Droupadi Murmu, inaugurated the National Conference on

‘Environment – 2025’ in New Delhi.

💬 India ranks first in milk production in the world.

💬 In 2024, India became the second-largest tea exporter globally, surpassing Sri
Lanka and ranking behind Kenya

💬 In the fiscal year 2024-25, India recorded its highest number of child
adoptions in 12 years, with a total of 4,515 adoptions.

💬 On 8 April 2025, India marks 10 years of the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana
(PMMY).
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💬 In Fiscal Year 2025 (FY25), India's pharmaceutical exports surpassed $30 billion
for the first time, reaching a record high of $30,467.32 million.India is the third-largest
global pharmaceutical producer by volume.India is also the largest provider of
generic medicines globally.India also contributes significantly to global vaccine
production, meeting about 60% of global vaccine demand.

The top five export destinations for the Indian Pharma Industry in FY25 were the
USA, UK,Brazil, France, and South Africa.

💬 India becomes second country after China to launch electronic personnel

license(EPL) for pilots.

💭 Jabalpur's Ishita Bhargava Is First Pilot To Get Electronic Personnel License In

India.

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💭 Gujarat has become the 24th State/Union Territory to achieve 100%
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electrification of rail tracks.

💭The Tamil Nadu cabinet has cleared the Space Industrial Policy 2025 to attract
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investments worth Rs 10,000 crore and create 10,000 high-value jobs across
manufacturing, space-tech services, and downstream applications.
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💭 On World Turtle Day, the Nagshankar Temple in Assam was formally

recognized as a model temple for the conservation of turtles.
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💭 Maharashtra entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Russia’s

ROSATOM for the development of thorium-based small modular reactors.

💭 Andhra Pradesh launches 'Zero Poverty - P4 Policy' to eradicate poverty by 2047

through public-private partnerships.

💭The Telangana government launched India’s first free fine rice scheme, aiming to
provide fine rice free of cost to the poor through ration shops.

💭 Uttar Pradesh introduced the 'Rapid Immunisation Skill Enhancement' (RISE) app
to enhance its immunization program.

💭 Madhya Pradesh has recorded the highest vulture population in India, reaching
12,981 in the first phase of the 2025 census.
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💭Madhya Pradesh has launched the Drone Promotion and Utilisation Policy 2025
to establish itself as a major hub for drone manufacturing.

💭Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan inaugurated 'Kavacham,' an advanced

disaster risk warning system.

💬East Coast Railway (ECoR) achieved a historical milestone by becoming the first
railway zone in India to reach 250 million tons (MT) of originating freight during the
financial year 2024-25.

💭The Indian Navy formally inducted a handmade stitched ship, INSV Kaundinya,
inspired by a 5th-century CE painting of the Ajanta Caves.

💭India is projected to become the world’s fastest-growing major aviation market by

2026, surpassing China's growth rate

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💭Chile signed multiple Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with India to
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strengthen cooperation in innovation and entrepreneurship.

💭India achieved a landmark record of 4,515 child adoptions in FY 2024-25, marking

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the highest number in 12 years.

💭India will host the 81st International Air Transport Association (IATA) Annual
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General Meeting and World Air Transport Summit in June 2025.

💭India is hosting the 3rd Central Asian Youth Delegation from March 22–28 under
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the International Youth Exchange Program.

💭 Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched and laid the foundation for over
₹3,880 crore worth of development projects in Varanasi, covering a wide range of
sectors including infrastructure, energy, education, law enforcement, public welfare,
and cultural heritage.

💭 The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved a
new sub-scheme titled Modernization of Command Area Development and Water
Management (M-CADWM) under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana
(PMKSY).

💭 Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently inaugurated Vantara, an advanced animal

rescue,
conservation, and rehabilitation center in Jamnagar, Gujarat.
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💭 The Union Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (MIB) has launched WAVEX
2025, an initiative to support startups in the media and entertainment (M&E) sector.

💭 The Competition Commission of India (CCI) organized the 10th National

Conference on
Economics of Competition Law in New Delhi.

💭 The Ministry of Panchayati Raj has introduced two major initiatives—Sashakt

Panchayat-Netri Abhiyan and Model Women-Friendly Gram Panchayats
(MWFGP)—to promote gender-sensitive governance and strengthen the role of
Women Elected Representatives (WERs) in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs).

💭 The Assam state cabinet has decided to name the upcoming Electronics City in
Jagiroad as Ratan Tata Electronic City, recognizing Ratan Tata’s contributions to the
state’s development

💭PM Modi laid the foundation stone of NTPC’s Sipat Super Thermal Power Project
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Stage-III in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, worth over ₹9,790 crore.

💭 Himachal Pradesh Green Hydrogen Plant: Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation

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Limited (HPPCL) collaborates with Oil India Limited to set up North India’s first
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Green Hydrogen plant in Dabhota, Nalagarh (Solan district).

💭 India’s Solar Power Growth: India’s solar capacity surged 3,450% in a decade,
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reaching 100 GW in 2025, with Punjab not among the top-performing states in solar
installations.

💭 Pakal Dul Hydro Electric Project Loan: REC Limited signed an agreement with
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Chenab Valley Power Project Limited (CVPPL) to provide a ₹2,147.51 crore loan for
Pakal Dul Hydro Electric Project, J&K.

💭 India’s first “Open Air Art Wall Museum”, celebrating 150 years of IMD, was
inaugurated in New Delhi.

💭 Indian Navy handed over INS Guldar to Maharashtra Tourism Development

Corporation (MTDC) to convert it into India’s first underwater museum and artificial
reef.

💭 India’s first Archaeological Experiential Museum has been inaugurated in

Vadnagar, Gujarat.

💭 The Geological Survey of India (GSI) Geoscience Museum has been inaugurated
in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh.
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First in India 2025

India’s first World Peace Centre Gurugram

First Woman Law Secretary of India Anju Rathi Raa

India’s first state to establish Senior Citizen Kerala

Commission

First Biodiversity heritage site of Gujarat Guneri

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Asia’s first Hyper-realistic life-sized animatronic Bengaluru
elephant Ellie
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First country to receive WHO verification for Jordan
eliminating leprosy
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India’s first Wildlife Biobank Padmaja Naidu Himalayan

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Zoological Park, Darjeeling, West

Bengal
(Preserves Generic materials from
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Endangered species)

First ever temple dedicated to Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhiwandi, Maharashtra

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Maharaj

India’s first Hyperloop Test Track launched by IIT Madras & Indian Railways

India’s first Indigenous Automated Bio Medical AIIMS New Delhi

Waste Treatment Plant - SRIJANAM set up in (Developed by CSIR NIIST
Thiruvananthapuram)

India’s first White Tiger Breeding Centre Mukundpur, Rewa, Maharashtra

India’s first Organic Fisheries Cluster Kerala

India’s first Ayurvedic Diagnostic Device NADI TARANGINI

India’s first Electric Air Taxi SHUNYA

North India’s first Green Hydrogen Plant Dabhota, HP

(capacity - 423 kg/day)

India;s first Solar Border Village Masali, Gujarat

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India;s first bio-bitumen national highway On NH 44 Nagpur, Maharashtra

India’s first Green Hydrogen fuelling station Leh, Ladakh

India’s first Anti-pesticide Suit Kisan Kavach

India’s first Yoga Policy unveiled by Uttarakhand

India’s first Diabetes Biobank Chennai

India’s first Vertical Life Sea Bridge New Pamban Bridge,

Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu

India’s first self powered indoor air quality Thiruvananthapuram Airport,

monitor Kerala

India’s first Namo Bharat Rapid Rail (Vande Metro) Ahmedabad to Bhuj

First Indian to conquer Mt. Shishapangma (China) Arjun Vajpai

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Oldest Indian to swim English Channel solo Siddharta Agarwal
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India’s first Rice ATM (Annaputi Grain ATM) Bhuvneshwar, Odisha
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India’s first Constitution Museum - The O.P Jindal University, Sonipat
Constitution Academy and the Rights & Freedoms (Haryana)
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Museum

India’s first Constitutional Park Pune

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India’s longest and largest Urban Tunnel (11.8 km) Maharashtra

India’s first integrated agricultural export facility Jawaharlal Nehru Port

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First Nation to prepare full list of Fauna India

(Total Fauna species in India
-104561)

India’s first Sunken Museum Humayun’s Tomb Complex, New

( A UNESCO World Heritage Site) Delhi

India’s first Coal Gasification Pilot Project Jamtara, Jharkhan

India’s first Astro Tourism Campaign ‘Nakshatra Uttarakhand

Sabha ‘

World’s first Om shaped temple Om Akar (Nagaraa style), Pali,

Rajasthan

India’s first ever Hybrid Pitch Himachal Pradesh

India’s first Multi-purpose Green Hydrogen Pilot Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power
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Project Station, HP

India’s first Tri-service common defence station Mumbai

Worlds largest renewable energy park Khavda, Gujarat

UP’s first Glass Skywalk Bridge Chitrakoot

India’s first Government Homeopathic College J&K

India’s first Indigenous Fast Breeder Reactor Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu

India’s first government backed OTT platform CSpace, Kerala

India’s first driverless metro Bengaluru

India’s longest Cable-stayed Bridge - Sudarshan Dwarka, Gujarat

Setu

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India’s first state to implement a Uniform Civil Uttarakhand
Code (Before independence - Goa by
ES Portuguese)

First ever Skill India Centre Sambalpur, Odisha

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North India’s first Human DNA Bank launched by Banaras Hindu university
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India’s first indigenous Spy Satellite Tata Advanced System Limited

(Developed by)
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Launched by - SpaceX Rocket

India’s first indigenously designed 155 mm Smart IIT Madras

Ammunition developed by
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Tata Trust launched India’s Small Animal Hospital Mumbai

India’s first Hygienic Food Street - PRASADAM Ujjain

World’s first Black Tiger Safari Odisha

India’s first all girl Sainik School Uttar Pradesh

UP’s first Floating Restaurant Prayagraj

India’s first EV Company to get PLI Nod Ola Electric

India’s first Writer’s Village Thano, Dehradun, UK

India’s first modern, self-sufficient Gaushala with Gwalior, MP

a compressed Biogas plant

World’s highest Imaging Cherenkov Observatory Hanle, Ladakh

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India’s largest blast furnace commissioned at Kalinganagar, Odisha

First state to implement Dalit sub-quota Haryana

India’s first indigenously developed pollution Goa

control vessel ‘Samudra Pratap’

First state to fully adopt the ‘GeM Platform’ Uttar Pradesh

First state to implement ‘Dedicated Gujarat

Semiconductor Policy’

First Zoological Park in India to receive ‘Indian Durgesh Aranya Zoological Park
Green Building Council (IGBC)

First woman pilot of the Jaguar fighter jet Tanushka Singh

squadron

India’s first ancient sewn ship launched in Visakhapatnam Shipyard (Andhra

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ES Pradesh )

India’s first submerged museum in mumbai INS Guldar naval ship

through
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First State/UT police has registered the first e-FIR Jammu and Kashmir
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through email

India’s first offshore airport built on a man-made Mumbai (Maharashtra)

Island near
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India’s first Hyperloop test track launched by IIT Madras (in collaboration with
Indian Railways )
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First state to launch the World’s first AI-powered Kerala

chronic eye disease screening programme
‘Nayanamritham 2.0’

Indian Navy handed over the Guldar Ship for the Maharashtra
country’s first underwater museum to

India’s first open air Art Wall Museum Mausam Bhawan

First state to implement translation system in the UP Assembly

Legislative Assembly

First state to provide governance services ‘Man Andhra Pradesh

Mitra’ through Whatsapp

First country to deploy its first human-powered India

underwater submersible

India’s first cancer genome atlas for early IIT Madras

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detection of breast cancer, launched by

India’s first AI university Maharashtra

India’s first state to manufacture ‘Private Andhra Pradesh

semiconductor’

Name of the India’s first indigenous micro-missile Bhargavastra

system designed to counter swarm drones

Country’s first organic fisheries center Soreng (Sikkim)

First Indian-American second lady Usha Vance

Eastern India’s first (Country’s sixth) astronomical West Bengal

observatory has been inaugurated in

India’s first battery energy storage system Kilokri (South Delhi)

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India’s first ‘Generation Beta’ child ES Aizawl (Mizoram)

India’s first Coastal and Waterbird census Jamnagar (Gujarat)

First state to link forest ecosystem to green GDP Chhattisgarh

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India’s first organic fisheries cluster Sikkim

SQ

India’s first Green Hydrogen Hub Project under Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh)
the National Green Hydrogen Mission
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India’s first Children’s cancer hospital Patna (Bihar)

First Municipal Corporation to include a separate Ahmedabad

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climate chapter in its budget

India’s first glass bridge over the sea connecting Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu)
Tiruvalluvar statue and Vivekananda Rock
memorial

India’s First hydrogen-powered heavy duty trucks TATA Motors

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ES
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🌲🌳 Environment CA 2025: Protected Area in News

💭 Similipal — India’s 107th national park : Similipal Tiger Reserve (STR) was
notified as the 107th national park in India,under Section 35(4) Wildlife (Protection)
Act 1972. It is the second national park in the state of Odisha, after Bhitarkanika.

It is the only tiger habitat in the world to have melanistic tigers that have broad
black stripes running across their bodies and thicker than those seen in normal
tigers. Barehipani and Joranda are two popular waterfalls located within the Simlipal
National Park.

∆ 106th NP : Dihing Patkai (Assam)

∆ 105th NP: Raimona (Assam)
∆ 1st NP: Jim Corbett (Uttarakhand)

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∆ Largest NP: Hemis (Ladakh) ES
💭 Madhav NP — India's 58th tiger reserve : Located in the Shivpuri district of
Madhya Pradesh, Madhav National Park has officially been designated as India's
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58th tiger reserve.The tiger reserves in India were set up as a part of Project Tiger
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initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority
of Government of India.
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∆ 57th TR: Ratapani Tiger Reserve(MP)

∆ 56th TR: Guru Ghasidas (Chhattisgarh)
∆ 55th TR: Dholpur-Karauli (Rajasthan)
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∆ 1st TR: Jim Corbett (Uttarakhand)

∆ Largest TR : Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam(AP)

💭 MP to get India's first white tiger breeding centre : The Central Zoo Authority
(CZA) has approved India’s first white tiger breeding centre in Rewa, Madhya
Pradesh, to be established in Govindgarh near Maharaja Martand Singh Judeo
White Tiger Safari and Zoo (World's First White Tiger Safari).

The safari is named after the last maharaja of Rewa who found a white tiger in
Govindgarh jungle in 1951, named it Mohan.

💭 India’s first “Frozen Zoo” to preserve DNA samples: Padmaja Naidu

Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling has become India’s first zoo to preserve
DNA samples of Himalayan wildlife.This initiative, which began in 2023, aims to
create a genetic bank or "frozen zoo" to support future conservation efforts.
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💭 New Ramsar Sites in India: On World Wetlands Day 2025, February 2nd,
India designated four new wetlands as Ramsar sites, bringing the total to 89 making
it the country with the most such sites in Asia, surpassing China.

Ramsar Sites are wetlands designated under the Ramsar Convention signed on
February 2, 1971 to protect wetlands of international importance. The Montreux
Record is a register of wetlands on the Ramsar List.The first Ramsar sites in India
were Chilika Lake in Odisha and Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan, both
designated in 1981.

New Ramsar Sites States

Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu

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Therthangal Bird Sanctuary ES
Khecheopalri Wetland Sikkim

Udhwa Lake Jharkhand

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💭 Ramadevara Betta Vulture Sanctuary(Karnataka) : Rare Indian Long-Billed

Vulture (Scientific Name - Gyps indicus: IUCN Status - Critically Endangered) have
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been breeding at Ramadevara Betta Vulture Sanctuary for the fourth consecutive
year. It is India’s first and only vulture sanctuary established in 2012 and
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notified Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZ) in 2017 to safeguard endangered vulture

species.

💭 Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary: The Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary, located in Latehar

district of Jharkhand, holds the distinction of being India’s first and only wolf
sanctuary dedicated to the conservation of the Indian grey wolf (Scientific
Name-Canis lupus pallipes : IUCN Red List-Endangered).

💭 Satkosia Tiger Reserve: Odisha’s first captive breeding of sambar will be

undertaken at the Satkosia division of Satkosia Tiger Reserve.Sambar deer are a
primary prey species for tigers, so increasing their population would help support a
healthy tiger population in the reserve.
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💭 Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve : "Chhota Bheem," a renowned tiger from

Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, tragically passed away due to heart failure while

💭
undergoing treatment in Bhopal's Van Vihar National Park.
25th Wildlife Sanctuary in MP: The Madhya Pradesh government has
announced a new wildlife sanctuary in Sagar district, named Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar
Sanctuary.

The state of Maharashtra has the highest number of wildlife sanctuaries in

India, with 49 sanctuaries. This is followed by Madhya Pradesh with 25 wildlife
sanctuaries.

💭 Pilibhit Tiger Reserve (Uttar Pradesh): The Pilibhit Tiger Reserve (PTR) in Uttar
Pradesh is being developed as a new sanctuary for rhinos, specifically those
from Nepal. This project aims to establish a permanent habitat for the visiting rhinos,
ultimately preserving the dwindling rhino population and enhancing the wildlife

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ecosystem ES
💭 Poba Wildlife Sanctuary(Assam) : The Poba Reserve Forest in Assam’s
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Dhemaji district will soon be notified as a wildlife sanctuary.
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Additionally, Madhya Pradesh has recently designated a new wildlife sanctuary,

named after Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, as part of its ongoing efforts in wildlife conservation.
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💭 Amrut Biodiversity Park (New Delhi) : Lieutenant Governor VK Saxena recently

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inaugurated the Amrut Biodiversity Park next to the Commonwealth Games Village
in New Delhi.

💭 Kasampatty Sacred Grove(Tamil Nadu): The Tamil Nadu government has

recently designated the Kasampatty (Veera Kovil) sacred grove in Dindigul district as
the state's second Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS).

India currently has 47 Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS). These sites are unique
ecosystems with rich biodiversity, recognized under the Biological Diversity Act,
2002.The first Biodiversity Heritage Site in India is Nallur Tamarind Grove,
located near Bengaluru, Karnataka.

💭 DPS Wetland(Maharashtra) : The DPS Wetland in Navi Mumbai has been

officially declared a Flamingo Conservation Reserve by the Maharashtra State
Wildlife Board.
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💭 Phawngpui National Park (Mizoram) : Forest fires that had erupted in several
parts of Mizoram's Phawngpui National Park have affected nearly one-ninth of the
park's total area.

✍️ Gorakhpur Forest Division(Uttar Pradesh) : World’s First Red-headed Asian

King Vulture Conservation Center Inaugurated in Uttar Pradesh in Maharajganj
district. It is home to the Jatayu Conservation and Breeding Centre(Haryana),
India's first centre for breeding Asiatic King Vultures.

■ Scientific name: Sarcogyps calvus

■ Conservation Status: IUCN Red List: critically endangered
■ CITES: Appendix II
■ Wildlife Protection Act 1972 (India): Schedule I

Moyar Valley in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve,Tamil Nadu is an exceptional

breeding ground for Indian Gyps or Griffon vultures in southern India.Gyps

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vultures are keystone species, contributing to ecosystem health by scavenging
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carcasses.
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💭 Manas National Park tiger population triples from 2011-2019 due to increased
funding and collaborative conservation efforts.

💭 The annual reptile census at Bhitarkanika National Park (BNP) has revealed
that saltwater crocodiles in BNP stands at 1,826 in 2025.
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Number of Protected Areas in India (May,2025)

No. of National Parks in India 107

No. of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India 573

No. of Protected Areas(PA) 1014

No. of Biosphere Reserves in India 18

No. of Biosphere Reserves under MAB 12

No. of Ramsar Wetland Sites in India 89

No. of Biodiversity Hotspots in India 4

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No. of Tiger Reserves in India
ES 58

No of Elephant Reserves in India 33

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Act & Policies on Biodiversity & Wildlife Protection

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Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972

Forest Conservation Act 1980

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The Environment Protection Act 1986

National Biodiversity Action Plan 2009

Project Hangul 1970

Project Tiger 1973

Operation Crocodile 1975

Project Rhinoceros 1987

Project Elephant 1992

Project Snow Leopard 2009

National Tiger Conservation Authority 2005

(NTCA)

The National Green Tribunal Act 2010

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💭 Euphaea Wayanadensis (Damselfly) : A new species of damselfly has been

discovered in the Wayanad region of the Western Ghats, Kerala marking the 191st
odonate species in Kerala.

💭 Channa nachi (Fish): A new species of snakehead fish(Common Name:

Farham’s Snakehead) was discovered in Meghalaya.

💭 Pwani Molecular Form : New mosquito species A new mosquito species,

provisionally named the “Pwani molecular form”, has been discovered in the coastal
regions of Tanzania and Kenya.

💭 Epidelaxia falciformis,Epidelaxia palustris : Two new jumping spider species

have been discovered in the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala's Western
Ghats.

💭 Labeo uru and Labeo chekida : New Species of Rohu Labeo uru and Labeo

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chekida, two new species of freshwater Rohu fish, have been discovered in the
ES
Western Ghats region of India.

💭 Euthalia malaccana :A new butterfly species, Euthalia malaccana, has been

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officially recorded in Arunachal Pradesh’s Leparada district.
SQ

💭 Golden Tiger: A golden tiger, also known as a golden tabby tiger, has been
recently sighted and photographed in Kaziranga National Park. This rare tiger is a
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result of a genetic mutation, causing its fur to appear golden with faded stripes.
Golden tigers are not a separate species but a color variant of the Bengal tiger.
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💭 16th Asiatic Lion Census 2025: Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) population
in Gujarat goes up from 674 to 891 in 5 years, according to the 16th census 2025
released by the Gujarat Forest Department.

∆ Conservation Status: —

∆IUCN Status: Endangered

∆CITES: Appendix I
∆Wildlife Protection Act 1972: Schedule I

∆ Project Lion (2020): Securing the future of Asiatic lions through comprehensive,
long-term conservation efforts.
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🔸️ IUCN Critically Endangered (CR) Species Of India 🔸️

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Species Habitat
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Kashmir Stag/Hangul(endemic species,Dachigam Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal

National Park) Pradesh

Malabar Civet (endemic species,Silent Valley Western Ghat(Karnataka,Kerala)

National Park)

Chinese Pangolin(Kaziranga National Park) Sikkim

Hump-backed Mahseer Cauvery river basin

Rameshwaram ornamental tarantula Tamil Nadu

Large Rock Rat(endemic species) Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu

Great Indian bustard( Desert National Park and Rajasthan,Karnataka, Maharashtra,

Kachchh Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary, also Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat
known as Lala–Parjan Sanctuary)

Gharial (Gavial or fish-eating crocodile) Mahanadi,Son

Pygmy Hog (endemic species,Manas National Assam

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Park)

Jenkin’s Andaman Spiny Shrew South Andaman Island

Kondana Rat Maharashtra

Namdapha Flying Squirrel(endemic Arunachal Pradesh

species,Namdapha National Park)

Anamalai Flying Frog(endemic species) Tamil Nadu,Kerala

Gundia Indian Frog Western Ghat,Karnataka

Pink-headed Duck Gangetic Plains

(Bihar, Uttar Pradesh)
No recent record from
these states.

Himalayan Quail Western Himalaya

(Uttarakhand) No

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recent record in India

Bengal Florican
ES Terai Grasslands in
Uttar Pradesh,
Assam, Arunachal
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Pradesh
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Endangered Species

Golden Langur (Trachypithecus Geei) Assam

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Dhole/ Asiatic wild dog or Indian wild dog (Cuon Central Highland,Assam
Alpinus)

Lion-tailed macaque/ wanderoo (Macaca Silenus) Western Ghat

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Fishing Cat West Bengal

Nilgiri Tahr Tamil Nadu

Pangolins Northern India

Grey Slender Loris Tamil Nadu

Vulnerable Species

Great Hornbill (Buceros Bicornis) Kerala,A.P

Indian Gaur

Mugger Crocodile Middle Ganga (Bihar and

Jharkhand), Chambal River
(Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh)
and in Gujarat).

Sarus Crane Dehradun

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Olive Ridley Turtle Odisha

Snow Leopard(It is the State animal of Himachal Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal
Pradesh.Hemis National Park in Ladakh, is famous Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
as the ‘Capital of Snow Leopard in India’.)

Sloth Bear(endemic species) All parts of the country except

Jammu and Kashmir and
north-eastern State

Eastern Swamp Deer Kaziranga National Park

💭 Yala Glacier Declared ‘Dead’ in Nepal: Yala Glacier, situated in Langtang

Valley, Nepal, within the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region, is the first glacier in
Nepal to be declared “dead”.Since the 1970s, Yala Glacier has lost 66% of its mass,
reflecting the serious impact of climate change.

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ES
∆ 2025: International Year of Glaciers’ Preservation.
∆ March 21: World Day for Glaciers.
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💭 Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS): The Surat Emissions Trading Scheme

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(ETS) is the world’s first market-based mechanism specifically designed to control

particulate air pollution.
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An Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), also known as "cap and trade," is a

market-based mechanism for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It works by
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setting a limit (cap) on total emissions and distributing permits or allowances that
allow emitters to release a certain amount of greenhouse gases.

💭 Blue Washing: The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has recently
introduced a new category of industries called the ‘Blue Category’, which falls under
Essential Environmental Services (EES).

This category includes a range of industries like waste-to-energy plants, compressed

biogas plants (depending on feedstock), sewage treatment plants, and landfill
management facilities.

💭 India's first green hydrogen fuelling station has been established in Leh,
Ladakh by Amara Raja Infra for NTPC.
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💭 Energy Statistics India 2025 : Recently, the Ministry of Statistics and

Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has unveiled its annual publication, ‘Energy
Statistics India 2025’, through the National Statistics Office (NSO).

Primary Energy Supply rose by 7.8%, reaching 9,03,158 KToE.

Key Findings

Total Energy Sources Coal: 60%

Crude Oil: 30%
Natural Gas: 7%
Nuclear: 3%

Renewable Energy Wind Power(55%)

Source Solar Energy(36%)

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Coal Reserves Odisha (25.47%),
Jharkhand (23.58%),
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Chhattisgarh (21.23%),

highest reserves of Tamil Nadu (79%)

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lignite
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Crude Oil Reserves Western Offshore region (32%)

Assam(22%)
Rajasthan(19%)
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Natural Gas Reserves Western Offshore region(31%)

Eastern Offshore(24%)
Assam(15%)
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Renewable Energy Rajasthan (20.3%),

Potential Maharashtra (11.8%),
Gujarat (10.5%) .

💭Garudakshi: The Karnataka Forest Department has launched the ‘Garudakshi’

online FIR system to curb forest encroachments, illegal tree-felling, poaching, and
unauthorised entry into forest areas.
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India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 20238

Total Forest and Tree Cover 8,27,356.95 km2 or 25.17% of total Area9

▪︎ Forest: 21.76%
▪︎ Tree: 3.41%
▪︎ Scrub: 1.33%
▪︎ Non Forest : 73.50%

Top Three States/UTs(Area 1.Madhya Pradesh(77,073 sq km)

wise) with the largest 2.Arunachal Pradesh(65,882 sq km)
forest cover 3.Chhattisgarh (55,812 sq km)

Top Three States/UTs 1.Lakshadweep (91.33%)

(percentage wise) 2.Mizoram (85.34%)
3.Andaman & Nicobar Island (81.62%)

Top 3 : Maximum increase 1.Chhattisgarh (684 sq km)

(Forest and Tree Cover) 2.Uttar Pradesh (559 sq km)
3.Odisha (559 sq km)

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Top 3: Maximum Increase
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1.Mizoram (242 sq km)
(only Forest Cover) 2.Gujarat (180 sq km)
3.Odisha (152 sq km).
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Top 3: Maximum decrease 1.Madhya Pradesh (612.41 km²)
(Forest and Tree cover) 2.Karnataka (459.36 km²)
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3.Ladakh (159.26 km²)

Top 3: Mangrove Cover 1.West Bengal

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2.Gujarat
3.Andaman & Nicobar

Note: Gujarat has lost the highest area under mangroves.

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Top 3: Maximum Carbon 1.Arunachal Pradesh (1,021 Mt)

Stock 2.Madhya Pradesh (608 Mt)
3.Chhattisgarh (505 Mt)

▪︎ Note: Soil organic carbon accounts for 55.06% of the

total stock.

Facts about West Bengal ▪︎ Total Forest cover: 18.97% of GA

▪︎ Top 3 districts(Area wise):

1.South 24 Parganas
2.Alipurduar
3.Darjeeling

8
The Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, released the India State of Forest
Report 2023 (ISFR 2023) at Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.It is published every two years by
the Forest Survey of India under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.
9
The country's forest and tree cover has increased by 1,445.81 km², with a 156.41 km² rise in forest
cover compared to 2021.
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▪︎ Top 3 districts(percentage wise):

1.Kalimpong(85.26%)
2.Darjeeling
3.Alipurduar

▪︎ Bottom 3 districts(Area wise):

1.Kolkata
2.Dakshin Dinajpur
3.Purba Bardhaman

▪︎ Bottom 3 districts(Percentage wise):

1.Kolkata
2.Purba Bardhaman
3.Dakshin Dinajpur

▪︎ Most Forest Fires: Bankura

Other Facts ▪︎ 19 states/UTs have above 33% of the geographical area

under forest cover. Out of these, eight states/UTs namely

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Mizoram, Lakshadweep, A & N Island, Arunachal
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Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Manipur
have forest cover above 75%.
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▪︎ The Western Ghats Eco-Sensitive Areas (WGESA)
covers 60,285.61 km², with 44,043.99 km² (73%) under
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forest cover.

▪︎ The total forest and tree cover in the Northeastern

region is 1,74,394.70 km2 , which is 67% of the
BC

geographical area of these states.

▪︎ The total forest cover in hill districts of India is

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2,83,713.20 square kilometers, which accounts for 40%

of the geographical area of these districts.

▪︎ Agroforestry:The total tree green cover under

agroforestry in India is estimated at 1,27,590.05 square
kilometers.

There has been an increase of 21,286.57 square

kilometers in agroforestry tree green cover since 2013.

▪︎ India's mangrove cover is 4,991.68 km², representing

0.15% of the total geographical area, with a net decrease
of 7.43 km² since 2021.

▪︎ Mangrove cover increase:

1.Andhra Pradesh
2.Maharashtra
3 Karnataka

▪︎ Carbon Stock: The country's forest carbon stock is

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estimated at 7,285.5 million tonnes, with an increase of

81.5 million tonnes compared to 2021.

▪︎ Extent of bamboo bearing area: Estimated at 1, 54,670

km2 (Increase of 5,227 km2 as compared to 2021).

IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL DAYS

World Wetland Day February 2

World Wildlife Day March 3

World Forestry Day March 21

World Water Day March 22

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World Meteorological Day ES March 23

World Earth Day April 22

World Tuna Day May 2

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World Turtle Day May 23
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World Biodiversity Day May 22

World Environment Day June 5

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World Oceans Day June 8

World Nature Conservation Day June 28

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International Tiger Day July 29

World Lion Day August 10

World Dolphin Day September 12

World Rhino Day September 22

World Ozone Day September 16

Zero Emissions Day September 21

International E-waste Day October 14

World Soil Day December 5

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Science and Technology Current Affairs 2025

💭 Shubhanshu Shukla of the Indian Air Force is poised to become the first Indian
astronaut to visit the International Space Station (ISS).

💭 MOI-TD: India's first AI-driven space laboratory,dubbed MOI-TD (My Orbital

Infrastructure-Technology Demonstrator), has been launched into space by
Hyderabad-based startup TakeMe2Space.

💭 The Government of Andhra Pradesh is setting up India’s first Quantum

Computing Village in Amaravati to boost research and innovation.

💭 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has developed the world's

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largest vertical propellant mixer. The 10-tonne mixer is designed to process solid
propellants, which are the fuel for rocket motors.
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💭 India Launches World’s Highest Resolution Weather Forecast System —
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BFS(Bharat Forecasting System).
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Developed by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune

Range
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Tropical region extending from 30°S to 30°N

High Spatial Resolution BFS offers a 6 km x 6 km spatial resolution, the highest

among global weather models.
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Supercomputer Used Arka

💭 Samudrayaan: India is set to launch its first manned deep-ocean mission,

‘Samudrayaan’, by 2026, aiming to explore marine resources at a depth of 6,000
metres using the indigenously developed submersible ‘Matsya’.

💭 IBM and Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) are indeed partnering with the Andhra
Pradesh government to establish India's largest quantum computing hub, the
Quantum Valley Tech Park, in Amaravati.

💭 India Govt Launches AI Kosha With 316 Datasets To Boost AI Development

under Rs 10,372 crore IndiaAI Mission.
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💭 Assam Introduces ‘Ankita’: India’s First AI News Anchor in Regional

Language.

💭 Microsoft unveils Majorana 1, the world’s first quantum processor powered by

topological qubits.The chip's Topological Core is designed to be scalable, with the
potential to hold a million qubits on a single chip.

💭 India's first Nano Electronics Roadshow, showcasing advancements in

semiconductor technology, was inaugurated on March 27, 2025, at the National
Science Seminar Complex of IISc Bengaluru.

💭 IIT Madras hosted Asia's first Hyperloop competition.

💭 Physicists create supersolid state of light: Italian researchers have

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successfully transformed light into a supersolid for the first time in history.
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A supersolid is an extraordinary state of matter where particles arrange themselves
in an orderly, crystalline solid structure while also exhibiting liquid-like movement
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without viscosity (internal friction).
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💭 China has launched its first atmospheric monitoring station in Antarctica,

the Zhongshan National Atmospheric Background Station, located in the
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Larsemann Hills of East Antarctica.

∆ Scientific Value: The station's location in a polar region, which is an amplifier of

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global climate change, will provide unique geographical advantages for studying the
impact of human activities on the environment, according to the Chinese Academy of
Meteorological Sciences (CAMS).

💭 'Pangenome' of Asian Rice: Chinese Scientists have created the first-ever

‘pangenome’ for rice by combining essential genetic segments from 144 wild
and cultivated rice varieties across Asia to form a comprehensive reference
genome.

A pangenome is a comprehensive collection of genome sequences from multiple

individuals of the same species.It aims to capture the full range of genetic variation
across a population, offering a broader reference for genomic comparisons.

💭 Japan's West Japan Railway Company (JR West) has built the world's first
3D-printed train station, named Hatsushima Station, in Arida City, Wakayama
Prefecture.
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✍️ Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM)— “Shukrayaan”: Union Cabinet approved

India's first mission to Venus, the Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM), on September 18,
2024.

● Launch date :March 29, 2028

● Arrival date: July 19, 2028
● Rocket: Mark-3 (LVM-3)
● Orbit: Elliptical Parking Orbit (EPO)
● Study areas: Surface topography, dust and clouds, lightning, volcanic activity,
atmosphere, ionosphere, solar forcing, and Sun-Venus interaction

▪︎ NOTE: The first successful mission to Venus was NASA's Mariner 2, which flew by
the planet on December 14, 1962. Other missions to Venus include — DAVINCI+,
VERITAS etc.

💭 ISRO launches its historic 100th mission from Sriharikota, placing NVS-02
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ES
satellite in orbit for NavIC regional navigation system.

💭 IMBH in NGC 4395: Indian astronomers successfully detected and measured an

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SQ

Intermediate-Mass Black Hole (IMBH) in the dwarf spiral galaxy NGC 4395 using
the Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT). This IMBH, located approximately 4.3
million light-years away, has a mass of about 22,000 times that of our Sun.
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💭 Shenzhou-20 mission : On April 24, 2025, China successfully launched the

Shenzhou-20 mission to its Tiangong space station, marking the 20th flight in the
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Shenzhou program and the 15th crewed flight.

💭 LignoSat: Japan successfully launched LignoSat, the world's first wooden

satellite, on November 5, 2024. Developed by Kyoto University and Sumitomo
Forestry, LignoSat aims to test the durability of wood in the extreme environment of
space, potentially paving the way for sustainable space exploration.

💭 Google launches AI-powered FireSat satellite, which will help control forest fires.
💭 Amazon has launched its first 27 Project Kuiper satellites into orbit, marking its
official entry into the satellite internet market.Amazon's Project Kuiper aims to
provide global, high-speed internet access, especially to areas with limited or no
reliable internet connectivity.

💭 China successfully launches Zhongxing-10R satellite aboard Long March 3B.

💭 Japan’s H-3 Rocket Successfully Launches Michibiki No. 6 Satellite.
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Health hazards
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💭 VaxiFlu-4 : Zydus Lifesciences has launched VaxiFlu-4, India's first quadrivalent

influenza vaccine, for the 2025 southern hemisphere flu season. This vaccine offers
broader protection against four different influenza virus strains, including both
Influenza A and B.

💭 Naphthromycin : India has developed its first indigenous macrolide antibiotic,

Naphthromycin, after three decades of dedicated research and innovation.

💭 Nadi Tarangini – India’s First Ayurvedic Diagnostic Device Approved by the

Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO).

💭 India's first diabetes biobank has been established in Chennai by ICMR and
MDRF.

💭 AIIMS Delhi launched 'Srjanam', India's first automated biomedical waste

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conversion system, developed by CSIR-NIIST.
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💭 South India's first Infectious Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory
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(IRDL) will be set up by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) at Bangalore
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Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI)

💭 The Indian Army's Army Hospital (Research & Referral) in New Delhi has
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made a pioneering move by successfully performing the first minimally invasive

glaucoma surgery using a 3D microscope.

💭 India has conducted the first human clinical trial of gene therapy for haemophilia
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A (FVIII deficiency) at Christian Medical College (CMC) Vellore.

💭 Researchers at Wuhan lab discovered a new bat coronavirus, HKU5-CoV-2.

💭 First Human Death from H5N1 Bird Flu in Louisiana.
💭 Uganda, in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and global
partners, has initiated the first-ever clinical trial for a vaccine targeting the Sudan
species of the Ebola virus.

💭 The world’s first in-human bladder transplant was successfully performed in the
United States.
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💭Nigeria experienced a severe outbreak of Lassa fever in 2025, resulting in 138

deaths and 717 confirmed cases, as reported by the Nigeria Centre for Disease
Control (NCDC).

💭Hungary faced its first foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in over 50 years,

impacting several farms and thousands of cattle.

💭On January 29, 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared
Guinea free from the Gambiense form of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), a
significant achievement in public health.

💭Rwanda declared the end of its first-ever Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreak .

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Defence Current Affairs
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Joint Military Exercises

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Exercise Name Conducted By Location

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Prachand Prahar Indian Army. Arunachal Pradesh.

Poorvi Prahaar Indian Army, Navy, and Mechuka, Arunachal

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Air Force Pradesh

Jal-Thal-Raksha Indian Army Bet Dwarka, Gujarat

Exercise Desert Hunt Indian Air Force. Air Force Station Jodhpur.

Sagar Kavach Indian Coast Guard (ICG) West Bengal coastline

Exercise Devil Strike Indian Army and Indian Northern Borders of India
Air Force

Yudh Kaushal Red Horns Division of the Umroi Military

Indian Army and the Station,Meghalaya.
Indian Air Force (IAF)

Agnipariksha National Security Guard Gurugram, Haryana

(NSG)

SAREX Indian Coast Guard Kochi, Kerala

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Winged Raider Exercise Indian Army and the North-Eastern theatre of

Indian Air Force (IAF) India

Sea Vigil Indian Coast Guard Coastal States and Union

Territories including
Kerala, Lakshadweep,
Andaman & Nicobar
Islands

Kharga Shakti Kharga Corps of the Mahajan Field Firing

Indian Army Ranges, Rajasthan

Exercise INDRA India and Russia Chennai and in the Bay of

Bengal.

Exercise KHANJAR India and Kyrgyzstan Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan

DHARMA GUARDIAN India and Japan Mount Fuji, Japan.

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VARUNA India and FranceES Arabian Sea.

Ekuverin India and Maldives Maldives

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CYCLONE-III India and Egypt Mahajan Field Firing
Ranges, Rajasthan
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Desert Cyclone India and UAE Rajasthan

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Surya Kiran India and Nepal Saljhandi, Nepal

SLINEX India and Sri Lanka Visakhapatnam Coast,

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Andhra Pradesh.

Exercise Yudh Abhyas India and US Rajasthan

VAJRA PRAHAR India and USA Orchard Combat Training

Centre in Idaho, the
United States of America
(USA)

GARUD SHAKTI India and Indonesia Cijantung in Jakarta,

Indonesia

SIMBEX India and Singapore Coast of Visakhapatnam,

Andhra Pradesh

CINBAX Indian and Cambodia Foreign Training Node in

Pune, Maharashtra

AUSTRAHIND Indian and Australia Pune, Maharashtar

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Agni Warrior 2024 India and Singapore Devlali Field Firing

Ranges in Maharashtra

Harimau Shakti India and Malaysia Bentong Camp in Pahang

district, Malaysia

BONGOSAGAR India and Bangladesh Bay of Bengal

Sahayog – Hop Ta India and Vietnam Kochi, Kerala

DUSTLIK India – Uzbekistan Termez, Uzbekistan

LAMITIYE India – Seychelles Seychelles

Desert Knight India, France, and UAE Arabian Sea

Exercise Sea Dragon USA, India, Japan, Guam coast in the

Australia, and South western Pacific Ocean.

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Korea. ES
VINBAX India and Vietnam Ambala, Haryana

Maritime Security Belt Russia, China, Iran Gulf of Oman, near

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2025 Chabahar, Iran

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Africa-India Key Comoros, Djibouti, Kenya, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Maritime Engagement’ Madagascar, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Seychelles,
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(AIKEYME) exercise and South Africa,

alongside the co-hosts
India and Tanzania.
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TROPEX (Theatre Level Indian Army, Indian Air Indian Ocean

Operational Readiness Force (IAF), and Indian
Coast Guard
Exercise) 2025

La Perouse 25 India along with eight Malacca, Sunda, and

Indo-Pacific nations Lombok

Regional Level Pollution Indian Coast Guard Paradip, Odisha

Response Exercise
(Re-PREX-24)

Sanyukta Vimochan Indian Army Ahmedabad and

Porbandar
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Missiles and Drones used in Operation Sindoor

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International News One Liners

💭 Reciprocal Tariff : The U.S. Court of International Trade blocked steep

reciprocal tariffs unilaterally imposed by President Donald Trump on scores of
countries in April to correct what he said were persistent trade imbalances.

♣️ What is the Reciprocal Tariff?

Reciprocal tariff, also known as "tit-for-tat" tariff, is a specific customs

duties a country imposes on imports from another country at the same rate that
the latter applies to its exports to reduce the trade deficit and protect domestic
industries from foreign competition.

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SQ
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On 13 February 2025, President Trump released a memorandum announcing his

intention to impose “reciprocal tariffs” under the Fair and Reciprocal Plan(FRP) as
the United States is facing a substantial trade deficit with various countries like
China,Mexico,Canada,Vietnam and India.On April 2, 2025—a date President Trump
proclaimed “Liberation Day”,he Trump announced 10% tariffs on all imports into the
United States, and even higher tariffs on goods from about 60 countries
including India.

Initially,the US administration announced a 26% “discounted reciprocal tariff” on

India but on April 10,President Donald Trump suspended the country-specific
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reciprocal tariff for all countries except China for a period of 90 days amidst the
US-China Trade War.President Trump has raised tariffs on Chinese goods to 145%,
and China has retaliated with duties of 125% on goods from the US.

💭 India-UK FTA: India and the United Kingdom have signed a landmark Free
Trade Agreement (FTA) after nearly three years of negotiations.A free trade
agreement is a bilateral or multilateral understanding where participating countries
consent to eliminate or lower customs duties on the bulk of traded goods

Key Provisions

For the UK 90% of its tariff lines may see reduced tariffs,
particularly benefiting sectors such as beverages,
automotive, medical devices, and advanced
manufacturing. Products like whisky, gin, aerospace

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components, lamb, salmon, electrical machinery, soft
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drinks, chocolate, and biscuits are included.

Import duties on whisky and gin will be reduced from

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150 per cent to 75 per cent initially, followed by a
further reduction to 40 per cent over a decade of
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implementation.

automotive tariffs will be significantly reduced from over

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100 percent to 10 percent under a specified quota

system.
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For India 99 percent of Indian exports will receive duty-free

access to UK markets.

Sectors such as textiles, marine products, leather, and

engineering goods stand to gain immensely. Additional
sectors include footwear, sports goods, toys, gems,
jewelry, auto parts, engines, and organic chemicals.

The FTA could support job creation in India, promote

technology transfer, investment, and innovation across
labor-intensive sectors.

💭 On May 8, 2025, India and Chile officially signed the Terms of Reference to
initiate negotiations for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
(CEPA), marking a significant upgrade from their existing Preferential Trade
Agreement (PTA).
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💭 India and Oman have signed a protocol to amend the Double Taxation
Avoidance Agreement (DTAA).The amendment is expected to simplify tax
procedures and foster greater cooperation between the two countries in tax-related
matters.

The Double Tax Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) is a treaty signed by two countries. It
is signed to make a country an attractive destination and to enable NRIs to get relief
from having to pay taxes multiple times.

💭 China recently announced restrictions on the export of seven rare earth

elements (REEs).

Targeted REEs samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium,

scandium, and yttrium.

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Function of REE
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REEs have unique magnetic, luminescent, and catalytic
properties that make them valuable in various
applications including mobile phones, computers,wind
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turbines, solar panels,electric vehicles,satellite
communications, guidance systems,MRI machines etc.
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Purpose The U.S. is heavily reliant on China for REEs.China's

action is seen as a retaliatory measure against U.S.
tariffs.
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💭 Six East African countries — Chad, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan,
and Sudan — have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to eliminate
kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis).

💭 Algeria has officially become a member of the BRICS New Development Bank
(NDB).

💭 Denmark has launched the world’s first commercial-scale e-methanol plant in

Kasso.

💭 Bhutan officially becomes the world's first sovereign country to blend crypto
payments with its tourism policy.

💭 Mauritius has become the first African country to sign a Country Partnership
Framework (CPF) with the International Solar Alliance (ISA).
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💭 Perm submarine: Russian President Vladimir Putin launched the newest

nuclear-powered Yasen-M class submarine, armed with hypersonic cruise missiles,
at the Arctic port of Murmansk.

💭 Armenia and Azerbaijan have finalized a peace agreement, officially ending a

conflict that has lasted for nearly four decades over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.

💭 Blue Visa: The United Arab Emirates has launched a new 10-year Blue
Residency Visa for individuals making significant contributions to environmental
protection, sustainability, and clean energy.Individuals can initially stay in the UAE for
six months before applying for the 10-year residency.

💭 China is constructing a deep-sea research station in the South China Sea,

dubbed a "space station," to be located 2,000 meters below the surface by 2030.
The research will encompass a range of areas, including:

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∆ Methane Hydrates: Exploring these crystalline formations of methane trapped in
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ice as a potential energy source.

∆ Biodiversity: Investigating the unique species found in cold seep ecosystems.

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SQ

∆ Tectonic Activity: Monitoring geological activity to understand its impact on the

surrounding environment and potentially predict natural disasters.

💭 China completed the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel in Xinjiang, which at 22.13 km

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is the world’s longest expressway tunnel.

💭 Panama has withdrawn from China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI),
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becoming the first Latin American country to do so after initially participating. Reports
suggest the US, concerned about Chinese influence in the region and specifically on
the Panama Canal, pressured Panama to reconsider its BRI involvement.

💭 Brazil recently decided against joining China's multi-billion-dollar Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI).

💭 Argentina officially confirmed its exit from the WHO.

💭 UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse
offences to protect children from predators generating AI images.

💭 Niger is the first country in Africa to be declared free of onchocerciasis, a

parasitic disease caused by the Onchocerca volvulus worm.
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💭 On May 22, 2025, Saudi Arabia launched TOURISE, a global platform aimed at
shaping the future of tourism by uniting leaders from the tourism, technology,
investment, and sustainability sectors.

💭 The United States has unveiled a massive $175 billion initiative known as the
Golden Dome missile defence shield.

💭 Bhutan recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Adani

Group to jointly develop hydropower projects with a total capacity of 5,000 MW.

💭 Vietnam has introduced a groundbreaking 10-year renewable Golden Visa aimed

at attracting long-term Indian investors, tourists, and skilled professionals.

💭 The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is partnering with France to develop a

1-gigawatt AI data centre, which is projected to be the largest of its kind in Europe.

💭 China successfully tested a non-nuclear hydrogen bomb based on magnesium

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hydride, representing a new weapon technology.
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💭 Davis Strait Proto-Microcontinent : A hidden landmass has been recently discovered
U

in the Davis Strait, between Canada and Greenland. This landmass is composed of thick
SQ

continental crust and originated during the tectonic separation of Greenland and North
America.

💭 India’s Supreme Court has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Nepal to
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strengthen judicial cooperation.

💭 Bangladesh has assumed the chairmanship of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for
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Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) for the next two years.

💭 US President Donald Trump has signed an executive order designating English as the
official language of the United States.

💭 In 2024, Japan experienced a record low birth rate, marking the ninth consecutive
year of decline. The number of babies born in Japan fell to 720,988, a 5% drop from the
previous year and the lowest figure since records began in 1899.

💭 Brazil has joined the OPEC Forum as an observer.

💭 Iran has introduced Shahid Beheshti, its first drone and helicopter-launching ship, into
the Revolutionary Guards' fleet.

💭 New Zealand's parliament has officially granted personhood status to Mount Taranaki,
also known as Taranaki Maunga.
 151

💭 India signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Argentina to expand

cooperation in the mining sector, specifically focusing on lithium exploration.

💭 Australia passed a world-first social media ban for children under 16

💭Thailand made history on January 23, 2025, by becoming the first Southeast Asian nation
to legalize same-sex marriage.

💭In 2024, the United States ranks first globally in cyberattacks, with India following as the
second most targeted nation.

💭Russia implemented a 1% tourist tax on lodging costs beginning January 1, 2025, as part
of efforts to enhance tourism infrastructure.

💭 India and Oman have signed an Executive Programme of Cooperation (EPC) for the
years 2025-2028 to strengthen their collaboration in the field of archives.

💭India and Nicaragua have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to implement

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Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) aimed at enhancing physical and social infrastructure.
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💭The United States, Japan, and South Korea have launched the Digital Infrastructure
Growth Initiative for India (DiGi Framework) to enhance collaboration with India's private
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sector for supporting digital infrastructure.
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Days and Themes 2024-25

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Date Observation Day Theme

Nov 1 Haryana Day Celebrating for a Good Cause

Karnataka Day Celebrating the Spirit and Unity of

Karnataka

Nov 3 International Day For Biosphere Be Part of The Plan

Reserve

Nov 5 National Ayurveda Day

(Dhanwantari Jayanti)

World Tsunami Awareness Day Fighting Inequality for a Resilient Future

Nov 7 National Cancer Awareness Day Hope, Prevention, and Support

Infant Protection Day Protecting Our Future

Nov 8 World Radiography Day Radiographers: Pioneers in Diagnostic

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Imaging

World Urbanism Day Homes Start with Planning

Nov 9 National Legal Services Day Access to Justice for All

National Entrepreneurship Day

World Freedom Day Celebrating the Fall of Walls: Embracing

Unity and Freedom

Nov 10 World Science Day for Peace and Why Science Matters – Engaging Minds
Development and Empowering Futures

Nov 11 National Education Day Inclusive Quality Education

Nov 12 World Pneumonia Day Innovate to End Pneumonia

Nov 13 World Kindness Day Kindness: A Global Movement

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Nov 14 Children’s Day For every child, every right.
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World Diabetes Day Access to Diabetes Care
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Nov 16 National Press Day in India Changing Nature of the Press
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Nov 17 International Students’ Day Empowering Minds, Igniting Change

Nov 19 International Men’s Day Positive Male Role Models

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National Integration Day Unity in Diversity

Nov 20 Universal Children’s Day Listen to the Future. Stand Up for

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Children’s Rights

Nov 21 World Television Day Television: Champion of Change

Nov 25 International Day for the Unite to End Violence: Empower,

Elimination of Violence Against Educate, and Protect
Women (IDEVAW)

Nov 26 Samvidhan Divas / Constitution Hamara Samvidhan, Hamara

Day/ National Law Day Swabhimaan(Our Constitution, Our
Pride)

Dec 1 AIDS Day Equal Access to HIV Prevention and

Treatment

Dec 2 International Day for the Fighting slavery’s legacy of racism

Abolition of Slavery. through transformative education

National Pollution Control Day Clean Air, Green Earth: A Step Towards
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Sustainable Living

Dec 3 International Day of Persons with Amplifying the leadership of persons

Disabilities. with disabilities for an inclusive and
sustainable future

Dec 5 World Soil Day Caring for Soils: Measure, Monitor,

Manage

Dec 6 Mahaparinirvan Diwas (Death Remembering Dr.B.R. Ambedkar:

Anniversary of Dr. BR Ambedkar) Champion of Social Justice and Equality

Dec 7 International Civil Aviation day Advancing Innovation for Global Aviation

Dec 8 Bodhi Day Embracing the Noble Eightfold Path

Dec 9 International Anti-Corruption Uniting with Youth Against Corruption:

Day Shaping Tomorrow’s Integrity

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Dec 10 Human Rights Day (HRD) Our Rights, Our Future, Right Now
ES
Dec 11 UNICEF Day Listen to the Future

Dec 12 International Universal Health Health: It’s on the Government

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Coverage Day
SQ

Dec 14 National Energy Conservation Powering Sustainability: Every Watt

Day Counts
BC

Dec 16 Vijay Diwas (Victory Day) Celebrating Courage and Valor,” honors
the bravery and sacrifices of the Indian
Armed Forces
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Dec 18 International Migrants Day. Honouring the Contributions of

Migrants and Respecting Their Rights

Minorities Rights Day Embracing Diversity: Protecting Rights,

Preserving Cultures

Dec 22 National Mathematics Day Mathematics: The Bridge to Innovation

and Progress

Dec 23 Kisan Diwas (Farmer’s Day) Empowering Farmers through

Technology

Dec 24 National Consumers Day / Consumer Rights in the Digital Age

National Consumers Right Day

Dec 25 Good Governance Day Empowering Citizens Through Digital

Governance

Jan 4 World Braille Day Braille Literacy for All: Bridging Gaps
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and Building Futures

Jan 5 National Birds Day Celebrating Avian Diversity: Protecting

Our Feathered Friends

Jan 6 World Day of War Orphans Healing and Hope: Supporting War
Orphans

Jan 10 World Hindi Day Hindi: A Global Voice of Unity and

Cultural Pride

Jan 11 National Human Trafficking Activate Connections to Prevent Human

Awareness Day Trafficking

Jan 12 National Youth Day Youth for a Sustainable Future: Shaping

the Nation with Flexibility and
Responsibility

Jan 15 National Army Day. In Service of the Nation

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Jan 16 National Startup Day
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Let’s shape the future together — one
innovative idea at a time.

Jan 21 Statehood Day of Manipur,

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Tripura and Meghalaya
SQ

Jan 23 Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Netaji: Courage, Determination and

Jayanti (Parakram Diwas or Patriotism
Courage Day)
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Jan 24 National Girl Child Day. Empowering Girls for a Bright Future
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Jan 25 National Voters’ Day Nothing Like Voting, I Vote for Sure

Jan 26 76th Republic day Swarnim Bharat – Virasat aur Vikas

Jan 30 National Martyrs’ Day (Shaheed The day is marked as the death
Diwas) anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi

Feb 4 World Cancer Day United by Unique

Feb 13 World Radio Day Radio and Climate Change

National Women’s Day Milestones on My Epilepsy Journey

Feb 21 International Mother Language Multilingual education is a pillar of

Day intergenerational learning

Feb 27 World Protein Day The Right Way To Protein

Feb 28 National Science Day Indigenous Technologies for Viksit

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Bharat

Mar 1 Zero Discrimination Day We Stand Together

Mar 3 World Wildlife Day Partnerships for Wildlife Conservation

Mar 4 National Safety Day Safety and Well-being Crucial for Viksit
Bharat

World Obesity Day Obesity & Youth: Young people

catalyzing change

Mar 8 International Women’s Day. Accelerate Action

Mar 14 World Kidney Day Kidney Health for All – Advancing

Equitable Access to Care and Optimal
Medication Practice

Mar 15 World Consumer Rights Day

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Mar 18 Global Recycling Day It promotes recyclables as the “Seventh
ES
Resource” essential for sustainability

Mar 20 International Day of Happiness Caring and Sharing

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World Sparrow Day. I Love Sparrows

SQ

Mar 21 International Forests Day Forests and Innovation: New Solutions

for a Better World
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Mar 22 World Water Day Leveraging Water for Peace

Mar 24 World Tuberculosis (TB) Day. Yes! We Can End TB: Commit, Invest,
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Deliver

Mar 26 Anniversary of the Chipko --

movement

Mar 27 World Theatre Day Theatre and a Culture of Peace”, and the
message, ‘Art is Peace

Mar 31 International Transgender Day of Trans Love Letters

Visibility

April 1 Zero discrimination day Uniting for a Glaucoma-Free World

April 1 Odisha Day or Utkal Divas Tribute to leaders like Madhusudan Das
who shaped its legacy.

April 2 World Autism Awareness Day Theme:"Advancing Neurodiversity and

the UN Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs)
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April 5 National Maritime Day Samriddh Sagar – Viksit Bharat Evam

Neel Arth Aur Harit Vikas Ke Liye Yuva

April 7 World Health Day Healthy Beginnings, Hopeful Futures

April 11 National Safe Motherhood Day

April 13 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

Anniversary

April 14 Ambedkar Jayanti

April 15 World Art Day A Garden of Expression: Cultivating

Community Through Art

April 17 World Haemophilia Day Access for All: Women and Girls Bleed
Too

April 18 World Heritage Day Disaster and Conflict Resilient Heritage

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April 21 Civil Services Day
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April 22 World Earth Day Our Power, Our Planet
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April 24 National Panchayati Raj Day
SQ

April 25 World Malaria Day Theme: Malaria Ends With Us: Reinvest,
Reimagine, Reignite
BC

April 28 World Day For Safety and Health Revolutionizing Health and Safety: The
at Work Role of AI and Digitalization at Work

April 30 Ayushman Bharat Diwas Achieving Universal Health Coverage

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and Promoting Health at the Grassroots

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Suggestive Current Affairs MCQs

1.In which city will Vice President 5.Who launched the e-Zero FIR initiative
Dhankhar inaugurate the Krishi Udyog aimed at fast-tracking the registration of
Samagam 2025? FIRs in cyber financial fraud cases?

A)Narsinghpur ✔️ A)Narendra Modi

B)Bhopal B)Rajnath Singh

✔️
C) Indore C)Piyush Goyal
D)Jabalpur D)Amit Shah

T
2.What is the theme for the International 6.Which city’s cabinet approved a ₹30,000
Day for Women in Maritime 2025?
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subsidy for installing 3 KW rooftop solar
panels and launched a Dust Control Plan
A)Women at the Helm to combat air pollution?
U

✔️
B)An Ocean of Opportunities for Women
SQ

✔️
A)Mumbai
C)Maritime Women Empowerment B)New Delhi
D)Navigating Gender Equality C)Bengaluru
BC

D)Hyderabad
3.What is the percentage of reservations
announced for persons with disabilities in 7.Which government body is sponsoring
W

the allotment of central government the Delhi Games 2025?

✔️
housing?
A)Ministry of Petroleum
A)2% B)Ministry of Sports
B)3% C)Ministry of External Affairs

✔️
C)5% D)Ministry of Home Affairs
D)4%
8.Which anniversary did the Government
4.Which Indian city's airport recorded a e-Marketplace (GeM) celebrate on May
7.7% passenger growth in 2024-25? 19, 2025?

A)Guwahati ✔️ A)8th ✔️
B)Mumbai B)7th
C)Delhi C)10th
D)Bengaluru D)6th

9.In which city was the Miss World 2025

Sports Challenge held?
 158

A)Mumbai A)Mumbai

✔️
B)Bengaluru B)Bengaluru

✔️
C)Chennai C)New Delhi
D)Hyderabad D)Hyderabad

10.Which organization organized the 15.How much rice has the Government of
"Sundays on Cycle" nationwide cyclothon India additionally allocated at subsidized
to celebrate eight years of GST in rates to support ethanol production under
collaboration with the FIT INDIA the EBP programme?

✔️
Movement?

✔️
A)2.8 million tonnes
A)CBIC B)1.5 million tonnes
B)NITI Aayog C)3.2 million tonnes
C)Ministry of Finance D)4.0 million tonnes
D)Income Tax Department
16.Where has the Inland Waterways

T
11.Which observatory was commemorated Authority of India (IWAI) set up its new
with a special stamp marking 125 years of office to manage water transport projects?
ES
solar research in India?

✔️
A)Anantnag
A)Vainu Bappu Observatory B)Srinagar
U

✔️
B)Indian Astronomical Observatory C)Leh
SQ

C)Kodaikanal Observatory D)Udhampur

D)Aryabhatta Research Institute
17.Which city has been recognized by the
BC

12.In which city did Union Home Minister WHO as part of the Global Network of
Amit Shah inaugurate the upgraded ₹500 Age-friendly Cities and Communities?
crore Multi Agency Centre (MAC) for
W

counter-terrorism efforts? A)Thanjavur

✔️
B)Thiruvananthapuram
A)Jammu C)Kozhikode

✔️
B)Punjab D)Coonoor
C)New Delhi
D)West Bengal 18.How many airports have reopened for
civil aircraft operations after the
13.What milestone did Aadhaar India-Pakistan ceasefire?
authentication transactions recently

✔️
surpass? A)28
B)32

✔️
A)100 Billion C)35
B)150 Billion D)30
C)200 Billion
D)250 Billion 19.In which city was the ‘Nayi Disha’
initiative launched by the police to
14.Where will the Inclusive India Summit reintegrate school dropouts into the
2025 be held to mark Global Accessibility education system?
Awareness Day?
 159

A)Mumbai B)5th

✔️ ✔️
B)Kolkata C)3rd
C)New Delhi D)4th
D)Bengaluru
25.Which railway zone has partnered with
20.Which state, along with Madhya Chhota Bheem to promote railway safety
Pradesh, signed an MoU for the Tapti and raise public awareness?

✔️
Basin Mega Recharge Project to address
water scarcity and improve irrigation? A)Western Railway

✔️
B)Central Railway
A)Maharashtra C)Northern Railway
B)Gujarat D)Eastern Railway
C)Rajasthan
D)Chhattisgarh 26.Which insecticide did India oppose
banning under the Stockholm Convention
21.Which dam is at the centre of the during the 2025 BRS Conventions in
ongoing water-sharing dispute between Geneva?

T
Punjab and Haryana?

✔️ ✔️
A)Endosulfan
ES
A)Bhakra Nangal Dam B)Chlorpyrifos
B)Tehri Dam C)Atrazine
C)Sardar Sarovar Dam D)DDT
U
D)Hirakud Dam
SQ

27.What is India’s rank in the 2025 World

22.How many new IITs are included in the Press Freedom Index?

✔️
₹11,828.79 crore expansion plan
BC

approved by the Union Cabinet? A)151st

B)145th
A)Three C)159th

✔️
W

B)Four D)148th
C)Five
D)Six 28.Which country hosted the second Blue
Talks ahead of the United Nations Ocean
23.Which country was recently admitted Conference 2025?
as a new member of the New
Development Bank? A)France

✔️
B)Costa Rica

✔️
A)France C)India
B)Algeria D)Brazil
C)Bangladesh
D)Egypt 29.In which city were 400 DEVI electric
buses flagged off to enhance last-mile
connectivity?
24.What position is India projected to
attain in the global economy rankings by A)Mumbai
2025, according to the IMF? B)Bengaluru

✔️
C)Hyderabad
A)2nd D)New Delhi
 160

35.Which two states are connected by the

30.In which city was the Yoga Mahotsav ₹22,864-crore greenfield highway project
2025 held to mark the 50-day countdown approved by the Cabinet Committee?
to the International Day of Yoga?

✔️
A)Nagaland and Assam
A)Pune B)Meghalaya and Assam

✔️
B)Nagpur C)Meghalaya and Manipur
C)Nashik D)Assam and Arunachal Pradesh
D)Aurangabad
36.In which city was the 53rd meeting of
31.Where was the 2-day National the International Charter Space and Major
Workshop on MERU under PM-USHA Disasters, organized by NRSC/ISRO,
inaugurated by Dr. Sukanta Majumdar held?

✔️
held?

✔️
A)Hyderabad
A)New Delhi B)Bengaluru
B)Mumbai C)New Delhi

T
C)Hyderabad D)Chennai
D)Bengaluru ES
37.Which airport received the Platinum
32.What is the primary objective of the Recognition at ACI Green Airports
government's upcoming 'Depot Darpan' Recognition 2025 for its excellence in
U
portal? sustainable energy initiatives?
SQ

A)Enhance food security ✔️ A)Hubballi Airport ✔️

B)Increase digital literacy B)Mangalore Airport
BC

C)Promote e-commerce C)Goa International Airport

D)Regulate retail pricing D)Pune Airport
W

33.Which company signed an MoU with 38.In which city was the 'Ayushman Vay
the Ministry of Labour & Employment to Vandana' scheme, offering free Rs 10 lakh
boost employment through the National health cover to seniors, launched?
Career Service portal?
A)Mumbai
A)Uber B)Chandigarh

✔️ ✔️
B)Ola C)Jaipur
C)Rapido D)New Delhi
D)Zomato
39.In which year did the Doha Round of
34.Which city became the first in India to WTO negotiations begin?
issue a Certified Green Municipal Bond to
fund a Tertiary Sewage Treatment Plant? A)1995

✔️
B)2010
A)Mumbai C)2001
B)Delhi D)2008

✔️
C)Bengaluru
D)Ghaziabad 40.From which article is the concept of
judicial review in India primarily inferred?
 161

✔️
C)Kolkata

✔️
A)Article 32 D)New Delhi
B)Article 13
C)Article 142 46.In which location did the terrorist attack
D)Article 356 on April 22, 2025, tragically target tourists
during peak season?
41.In which city was the National Centre

✔️
for Sports Science and Research A)Gulmarg
inaugurated by Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya? B)Pahalgam

✔️
C)Sonmarg
A)New Delhi D)Leh
B)Mumbai
C)Bengaluru 47.Which city’s Heat Action Plan 2025
D)Hyderabad includes setting up 3,000 cold water ATMs
and deploying 'Aapda Mitras' to combat
42.Which institution has proposed the extreme heat conditions?

✔️
development of the world’s smallest

T
angstrom-scale chip? A)New Delhi
B)Mumbai
ES
✔️
A)IIT Bombay C)Chennai
B)IISc D)Bengaluru
C)DRDO
U
D)ISRO 48.Which country is PM Modi visiting on a
SQ

two-day trip starting April 22 to strengthen

43.In which city was the international strategic and economic ties?

✔️
conference SEFCO-2025 inaugurated?

✔️
BC

A)Saudi Arabia
A)Dehradun B)UAE
B)Hyderabad C)Qatar
W

C)Bengaluru D)Oman
D)Pune
49.What is the national average
44.Which country’s Direct Benefit Transfer occupancy rate in Indian prisons,
(DBT) system has led to ₹3.48 lakh crore indicating the level of overcrowding?
in savings and improved welfare

✔️
efficiency? A)115%

✔️
B)131%
A)Brazil C)124%
B)India D)109%
C)Indonesia
D)South Africa 50.What milestone anniversary did BSE
celebrate when the BSE 150 Index was
45.Where is the 38th meeting of the launched?
Central Advisory Board of Archaeology
(CABA) being held? A)100th

✔️
B)125th
A)Mumbai C)150th
B)Hyderabad D)175th
 162

56.In which Indian region was the

51.Which coal PSU is set to become the Himalayan High Altitude Atmospheric and
first in India to adopt paste-fill technology Climate Research Centre inaugurated?
for coal mining?

✔️
A)Himachal Pradesh

✔️
A)Western Coalfields Limited B)Jammu & Kashmir
B)South Eastern Coalfields Limited C)Uttarakhand
C)Central Coalfields Limited D)Sikkim
D)Northern Coalfields Limited
57.Which city will host the second edition
52.Which region's Chief Minister launched of the STREE Summit on women’s safety
the e-SEHAT App to improve digital and empowerment in 2025?
healthcare access?

✔️ ✔️
A)Bengaluru
A)Jammu and Kashmir B)Hyderabad
B)Himachal Pradesh C)Chennai
C)Uttarakhand D)Mumbai

T
D)Punjab
58.How many indicators were used in the
ES
53.Which institution developed "venom Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) to
maps" for Russell's viper to aid in effective assess Gram Panchayats?
snakebite treatment?
U
A)250
SQ

A)IIT Bombay B)365

✔️
B)Harvard University C)500

✔️
C)University of Delhi D)435
BC

D)IISc
59.Which international organization
54.What is the global rank of Delhi’s Indira collaborated with the Ministry of Skill
W

Gandhi International Airport in the ACI Development and Entrepreneurship to

World Report 2024? launch the "India Skills Accelerator"?

✔️
✔️
A)10th A)World Economic Forum
B)9th B)United Nations Development
C)13th Programme
D)17th C)International Labour Organization
D)Asian Development Bank
55.Which organization launched the
mascot ‘Veera’ to promote its dairy brand 60.Which organization introduced
Verka? Aadhaar-based face authentication for
generating and activating UAN through
A)Amul the UMANG app?

✔️
B)Nandini

✔️
C)Milkfed A)UIDAI
D)Mother Dairy B)EPFO
C)NSDL
D)NPCI
 163

61.What is the term duration for which B)Pune

India has been appointed to the UN's C)Nagpur
ISAR? D)Aurangabad

A)2023 to 2025 67.In which Indian region was the free bus

✔️
B)2024 to 2026 service for women launched by Omar
C)2025 to 2027 Abdullah?

✔️
D)2026 to 2028
A)Jammu and Kashmir
62.What is the NPA (Non-Performing B)Punjab
Asset) rate recorded under the MUDRA C)Haryana
Scheme, making it the lowest in the D)Uttar Pradesh
world?

✔️
68.Which Indian airline is the first to adopt
A)3.5% the Aviator Revenue Management
B)5.2% system?
C)7.1%

T
D)4.3% A)Air India

✔️
B)IndiGo
ES
63.What is the current sex ratio at birth as C)Star Air
of 2023-24? D)SpiceJet

✔️
U
A)930 69.What is the primary purpose of the
SQ

B)918 'MY-Bharat' calendar launched by PM

C)945 Modi?
D)910
BC

A)Promote traditional Indian festivals

64.What is India’s current ranking in B)Enhance educational curriculum for
UNCTAD’s global ‘Readiness for Frontier children

✔️
W

Technologies’ index? C)Make children's summer vacation

creative
A)46 D)Encourage online learning for kids

✔️
B)50
C)36 70.What is the theme for the 2025
D)48 International Day of Yoga (IDY)?

65.Where will the 15th Senior Men’s A)Yoga for Global Peace

✔️
Hockey Nationals be held? B)Harmony Through Yoga
C)Yoga for One Earth, One Health
A)Lucknow D)Breath of Life with Yoga

✔️
B)Bhopal
C)Jhansi 71.What is India’s ranking in the
D)Pune Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
index for 2024 out of 166 countries?
66.In which region of Maharashtra is the

✔️
Square Port Shipyard located? A)95th

✔️
B)109th
A)Konkan C)120th
 164

D)130th A)Air India

✔️
B)SpiceJet
72.Where was the fourth 25T Bollard Pull C)IndiGo
Tug Yuvan inducted? D)GoAir

A)Kochi 78.Who inaugurated the National Dope

✔️
B)Mumbai Testing Laboratory (NDTL) Annual
C)Visakhapatnam Conference-2025?

✔️
D)Kolkata
A)Mansukh Mandaviya
73.Which organization has partnered with B)Narendra Modi
the Ministry of Rural Development to C)Amit Shah
empower 35 lakh rural women through D)Rajiv Mehta
skill development and entrepreneurship
programs? 79.Which city's police force has launched
the 'Shishtachar' squad to combat
A)World Bank eve-teasing?

T
B)UNDP

✔️
C)IMF A)Mumbai
ES
D)UNICEF B)Kolkata

✔️
C)Bengaluru
74.Which company launched the second D)Delhi
U
indigenous frigate 'Tavasya'?
SQ

80.Which company has partnered with

A)Hindustan Shipyard Limited UIDAI to enhance Aadhaar services with

✔️
B)Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders AI-powered solutions?
BC

C)Goa Shipyard Limited

D)Cochin Shipyard Limited A)TCS
B)Infosys

✔️
W

75.By what year does ISRO aim to land an C)Wipro

Indian on the Moon? D)Sarvam AI

A)2035 81.Who inaugurated the first-ever Fit India

B)2030 Carnival held at Jawaharlal Nehru

✔️
C)2032 Stadium, New Delhi?

✔️
D)2040
A)Mansukh Mandaviya
76.Where was the 10th edition of the B)Ayushmann Khurrana
Raisina Dialogue 2025 hosted? C)Sangram Singh
D)Mickey Mehta

✔️
A)Mumbai
B)New Delhi 82.Where will the MoU for implementing
C)Bengaluru the Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat
D)Chennai Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM)
be signed on March 18, 2025?
77.Which airline is being investigated by
the AAIB for repeated tail strike incidents? A)Mumbai
B)Kolkata
 165

C)New Delhi ✔️ 88.Which company launched the 'Club

D)Bengaluru Enerji Eco Crew' initiative to promote solar
energy adoption among students?

✔️
83.What is the age group targeted by the
PM-YUVA 3.0 scheme for mentoring A)Tata Power
young authors? B)Adani Power
C)Reliance Power
A)Below 40 years D)NTPC

✔️
B)Below 50 years
C)Below 30 years 89.Where was the Water Sustainability
D)Below 25 years Conference 2025 held?

✔️
84.What is the highest MGNREGS wage A)Mumbai
rate currently paid in states? B)New Delhi
C)Bengaluru
A)₹374/day D)Chennai
B)₹234/day

✔️ (Haryana)
T
C)₹300/day 90.Which city led the growth in
D)₹400/day warehousing demand in India in 2024?
ES
85.Where did India begin its first-ever A)Mumbai ✔️
Exploration Licence auction on March 13, B)Bengaluru
U
2025? C)Kolkata
SQ

✔️
D)Chennai
A)Goa
B)Mumbai 91.Which brand has been ranked as the
BC

C)New Delhi 3rd most valued brand in India in the

D)Bangalore YouGov India Value Rankings 2025?
W

86.What is the milestone achieved by the A)Amazon

PM Surya Ghar Scheme as of 10th March B)Flipkart

✔️
2025? C)Nestle
D)Amul
A)10 Lakh
B)5 Lakh 92.Where was the "Navigating the Future:
C)15 Lakh Industrial Policy and Global
D)1 Lakh Competitiveness" conference held?

87.What is India's rank on the Global A)Hyderabad ✔️

Innovation Index 2024? B)Mumbai
C)Bengaluru

✔️
A)12st D)Chennai
B)39th
C)2nd 93.Which platform has launched the
D)11th 'Insuring HEROES' campaign ahead of
International Women’s Day 2025?

A)Paytm
 166

✔️
B)Google Pay A)Nepal

✔️
C)Amazon Pay B)Tibet
D)PhonePe C)Bhutan
D)Myanmar
94.What rank did India secure in the
global wealth rankings according to Knight 100.Where has the Centre approved a
Frank’s Wealth Report 2025? second airport in Telangana?

✔️
✔️
A)3rd A)Mamnoor
B)4th B)Bhuvanagiri
C)5th C)Karimnagar
D)6th D)Nizamabad

95.By which year could India have over 101.How many East African nations
440 million overweight and obese people? signed the MoU to eliminate kala-azar
during the 78th World Health Assembly?
A)2040

✔️ ✔️
T
B)2030 A)Four
C)2050 B)Six
ES
D)2060 C)Eight
D)Ten
96.Where was the animal rescue and
U
conservation centre Vantara inaugurated? 102.Which country is filmmaker Jafar
SQ

✔️
Panahi, who won the top honour at the
A)Gujarat 78th Cannes Film Festival, from?
B)Maharashtra
BC

C)Rajasthan A)Turkey

✔️
D)Uttar Pradesh B)Lebanon
C)Iran
W

97.How many river dolphins were D)Egypt

recorded in India's first-ever survey?
103.Which university's SEVP certification

✔️
A)6,100 was revoked by the U.S. Department of
B)6,327 Homeland Security, impacting
C)6,500 international students for Fall 2025?

✔️
D)6,000
A)Harvard University
98.Where will the Payment Security B)Stanford University
Summit & Awards – India be held in 2025? C)Yale University
D)Columbia University

✔️
A)New Delhi
B)Mumbai 104.Which two countries jointly discovered
C)Bengaluru new crude oil reserves in the North Wafra
D)Chennai Wara-Burgan field of the neutral zone after
a five-year gap?

✔️
99.Through which region does the Ancient
Tea Horse Road connect China to India? A)Saudi Arabia and Kuwait
B)Iran and Iraq
 167

C)UAE and Oman

D)Qatar and Bahrain 110.Which country hosted the second
Blue Talks ahead of the United Nations
105.Which country is set to receive the Ocean Conference 2025?
Chagos Archipelago, except for Diego
Garcia, as per the agreement with the A)France

✔️
UK? B)Costa Rica

✔️
C)India
A)Mauritius D)Brazil
B)Seychelles
C)Maldives 111.Which country has announced a $175
D)Sri Lanka billion Golden Dome missile defence
shield aimed at protecting against
106.Which country has successfully long-range missile threats?
assembled the chromosome-level genome
of the Indian yak for the first time? A)Russia
B)China

✔️ ✔️
T
A)China C)Israel
B)India D)United States
ES
C)Nepal
D)Bhutan 112.In which country was the joint military
exercise "Golden Dragon-2025" held?
U

✔️
107.Which country launched the global
SQ

tourism platform TOURISE on May 22, A)Cambodia

2025? B)China
C)Thailand
BC

A)United Arab Emirates D)Vietnam

B)Qatar

✔️
C)Egypt 113.In which city did Russia and Ukraine
W

D)Saudi Arabia hold their first direct talks in three years,

resulting in a prisoner swap agreement?

✔️Turkey)
108.Which country officially became a
member of the BRICS-founded New A)Istanbul
Development Bank on May 19, 2025? B)Geneva

✔️
C)Vienna
A)Algeria D)Warsaw
B)Egypt
C)Argentina 114.Which Central American country
D)Ethiopia recently inaugurated its embassy in New
Delhi to strengthen diplomatic and trade
109.Where was the 67th Governing Body relations with India?
Meeting of the Asian Productivity

✔️
Organization held? A)Guatemala
B)Honduras
A)Tokyo C)El Salvador

✔️
B)Singapore D)Nicaragua
C)Jakarta
D)Bangkok
 168

115.Which country reported 138 deaths

and 717 confirmed cases due to a Lassa 120.Which country inaugurated the world’s
fever outbreak in 2025? first commercial-scale e-methanol
production plant in 2025?
A)Ghana

✔️ ✔️
B)Kenya A)Norway
C)Nigeria B)Denmark
D)South Africa C)Germany
D)Sweden
116.In which country has the World Health
Organisation declared a polio outbreak, 121.Which country is considering the
prompting an immediate vaccination development of a new F-55 warplane and
campaign? an upgrade to the F-22 Raptor?

A)Indonesia A)United States ✔️

✔️
B)Fiji B)Russia
C)Papua New Guinea C)China

T
D)Solomon Islands D)France

117.Which country does the 2025 World

ES
122.Which country launched its first
Food Prize Laureate Mariangela Hungria cluster of Carbon Capture and Utilisation
belong to? (CCU) testbeds targeting the cement
U
sector in 2025?
SQ

A)Argentina
B)United States A)China

✔️
C)Mexico B)Germany

✔️
BC

D)Brazil C)United Kingdom

D)India
118.With which country’s academic
W

institutions has Jamia Millia Islamia 123.With which country did the United
suspended all MoUs citing national States sign a $142 billion arms deal during
security concerns? President Trump's 2025 visit?

✔️
A)Iran A)United Arab Emirates

✔️
B)Turkey B)Qatar
C)China C)Saudi Arabia
D)Qatar D)Israel

119.Which international organization has 124.Which country has become the first in
partnered with India to launch initiatives the world to integrate cryptocurrency
worth ₹391 crore to tackle marine plastic payments into its national tourism
litter and develop waste-to-hydrogen services?
technologies?
A)Singapore
A)United Nations B)Switzerland

✔️ ✔️
B)ASEAN C)UAE
C)European Union D)Bhutan
D)G20
 169

125.Which country launched the National 130.Which country signed an MoU with
Food Security Plan 2050 with an the Adani Group to develop 5,000 MW of
investment of up to $1.4 billion? hydropower projects?

✔️
✔️
A)Japan A)Bhutan
B)Israel B)Nepal
C)Canada C)Sri Lanka
D)Germany D)Bangladesh

126.Which country has recently 131.Which country has signed Terms of

suspended the game of chess due to Reference with India to launch
concerns over its compatibility with law? negotiations for a Comprehensive

✔️
Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)
A)Afghanistan in May 2025?

✔️
B)Iraq
C)Turkey A)Chile
D)Iran B)Brazil

T
C)Argentina
127.Which country received a $50 million D)Peru
ES
Government Treasury Bill from India to aid
its fiscal reform efforts? 132.Which country has launched a
10-year Golden Visa to attract Indian
U
A)Sri Lanka investors, tourists, and skilled
SQ

B)Nepal professionals?

✔️
C)Bangladesh
D)Maldives A)Thailand
BC

B)Indonesia

✔️
128.What is India’s rank out of 193 C)Malaysia
countries in the 2025 Human D)Vietnam
W

Development Report released by the

United Nations Development Programme 133.In which city did the 24th edition of
(UNDP)? the Airport Show & Global Airport Leaders

✔️
Forum 2025 conclude?
A)130th
B)120th A)Doha
C)140th B)Singapore

✔️
D)135th C)Abu Dhabi
D)Dubai
129.Which organization approved the
bailout package for Pakistan that India 134.In which city is the cybersecurity
abstained from voting on? event “GISEC Global 2025” being held?

✔️
A)World Bank A)Riyadh
B)Asian Development Bank B)Dubai

✔️
C)United Nations C)Doha
D)IMF D)Manama
 170

135.What is India’s rank in the 2025

Human Development Index as per the A)Indonesia

✔️
UNDP report? B)Japan
C)Philippines

✔️
A)125th D)Papua New Guinea
B)130th
C)135th 141.Which country is hosting the Global
D)140th Media Dialogue (GMD) during the WAVES
2025 event to promote international
136.Which country is collaborating with cooperation in the media sector?
France to develop a 1-gigawatt AI data
centre in Europe? A)Japan

✔️
B)Russia

✔️
A)Germany C)India
B)UAE D)United Kingdom
C)Japan
D)Canada 142.Which organization brokered the

T
Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) of 1960
137.Which country hosted the 58th Annual between India and Pakistan?
ES
Meeting of the Asian Development Bank
where India discussed the Strategic Action A)United Nations
Plan 2025–2029? B)International Court of Justice
U

✔️ ✔️
C)Asian Development Bank
SQ

A)Italy (Milan city) D)World Bank

BLJapan
C)Germany 143.Which country signed a renewed
BC

D)France Memorandum of Understanding with India

to strengthen cooperation in clean and
138.Which country will lead discussions sustainable energy?
W

on land governance at the 2025 World

Bank Land Conference? A)Norway

✔️ ✔️
B)Sweden
A)India C)Denmark
B)China D)Finland
C)Brazil
D)South Africa 144.How many years since the end of the
Vietnam War did Vietnam commemorate
139.Who has won a second consecutive in 2025?
term as Prime Minister of Australia?
A(40 Years

✔️
A)Scott Morrison B)45 Years
B)Peter Dutton C)50 Years

✔️
C)Kevin Rudd D)60 Years
D)Anthony Albanese
145.Where were the BRS COPs 2025
140.In which country's trench is the held, where India took a leading role in
Emden Deep, the world's third-deepest advocating for stronger global action on
point, located? chemicals and waste?
 171

✔️
C)16.67%
A)Geneva D)22%
B)Paris
C)New York 151.Which country hosted the 2025
D)Tokyo summit where India presented its National
Green Hydrogen Mission?

✔️
146.Which country is introducing a new
law to restrict Mount Everest permits to A)Netherlands
experienced climbers? B)Germany
C)United States

✔️
A)Bhutan D)South Korea
B)Nepal
C)India 152.In which country was the Yala Glacier
D)China recently declared "dead" due to the effects
of climate change?
147.Which country signed an economic
partnership agreement with the United A)Bhutan

T
States granting access to its rare earth B)China

✔️
minerals? C)India
ES
✔️
D)Nepal
A)Ukraine
B)Poland 153.Which lake, known as India’s longest
U
C)Romania and a Ramsar site in Kerala, is currently
SQ

D)Georgia facing severe ecological degradation?

148.Who has returned as the Prime A)Chilika Lake

✔️
BC

Minister of Trinidad and Tobago after B)Loktak Lake

winning the recent election? C)Vembanad Lake
D)Pulicat Lake
W

A)Keith Rowley

✔️
B)Mia Mottley 154.Which inland water body is projected
C)Kamla Persad-Bissessar to drop by up to 21 meters by 2100 due to
D)Portia Simpson-Miller climate-driven evaporation, threatening
biodiversity and regional stability?
149.In which country has the US deployed

✔️
anti-ship missile launchers on Batan A)Aral Sea
Island near Taiwan? B)Caspian Sea
C)Lake Baikal
A)Japan D)Dead Sea

✔️
B)Australia
C)Philippines 155.What is the primary objective of the
D)South Korea UK-based Project SeaCURE?

150.By what percentage has the lion A)Reducing plastic pollution in oceans
population increased from 2020 to 2025? B)Developing marine biodiversity reserves

✔️
C)Cleaning oil spills from seawater

✔️
A)32% D)Enhancing Ocean’s Carbon Absorption
B)27%
 172

D)2030 ✔️
156.Which city in Maharashtra has
achieved 100% segregation, collection, 161.Which organization’s Talcher Kaniha
and processing of sanitary and biomedical Super Thermal Power Station achieved
waste, handling an average of 300 to 350 100% ash utilization in FY 2024–25?

✔️
kg of sanitary waste daily?

✔️
A)NTPC
A)Karad B)BHEL
B)Pune C)Power Grid Corporation
C)Nashik D)NHPC
D)Nagpur
162.Which country has proposed the
157.Which new category was added by creation of a Global Climate Council
the Central Pollution Control Board to ahead of COP30?

✔️
classify essential environmental services?
A)Brazil
A)Yellow B)Germany

✔️
T
B)Black C)India
C)Blue D)Canada
ES
D)Violet
163.Which of the following has a
158.Which country recorded its hottest temporary cooling effect on the Earth's
U
year ever in 2024 with rising nighttime surface by reflecting sunlight and is a key
SQ

temperatures? component of air pollution?

✔️
✔️
A)Kenya A)Aerosols
BC

B)Tanzania B)Greenhouse gases

C)Uganda C)Ozone
D)Zambia D)Methane
W

159.In which city did Russia and Ukraine 164.Which country is facing its worst-ever
hold their first direct talks in three years, wildfires, with over 33,000 hectares
resulting in a prisoner swap agreement? burned and a death toll of at least 26

✔️
people?

✔️
A)Istanbul
B)Geneva A)South Korea
C)Vienna B)Japan
D)Warsaw C)China
D)Thailand

160.By which year does the National 165.In which country was the new species
Critical Mineral Mission aim to complete of killifish (Nothobranchius sylvaticus)
1,200 exploration projects and 100 discovered?
mineral block auctions?

✔️
A)India
A)2035 B)Kenya
B)2026 C)South Africa
C)2028 D)Tanzania
 173

171.Which state in India is concerned

166.In which state have melioidosis about the invasive species Ruellia
outbreaks been linked to environmental Elegans?
factors such as temperature, rainfall, and

✔️
solar radiation? A)Kerala
B)Assam

✔️
A)Kerala C)West Bengal
B)Odisha D)Tamil Nadu
C)West Bengal
D)Bihar 172.Which country is associated with the
discovery of the new species of jumping
167.According to the World Air Quality spiders?

✔️
Report 2024, what is India's ranking
among the most polluted countries A)Sri Lanka
globally? B)Maldives

✔️
C)Bangladesh
A)5th D)Nepal

T
B)3rd
C)10th 173.By which year does India aim to
ES
D)15th achieve net-zero emissions?

✔️
168.What is the primary focus of Indian A)2050
U
Railways' involvement in Mission Amrit B)2070
SQ

Sarovar? C)2060
D)2040

✔️
A)Climate Change
BC

B)Water Conservation 174.Which institution partnered with the

C)Infrastructure Development Dakshin Foundation for the Olive Ridley
D)Community Engagement turtle study?
W

169.In which city were pelicans and A)IIT Madras

✔️
painted storks recently observed? B)IIT Delhi

✔️
C)IISc Bengaluru
A)Visakhapatnam D)Wildlife Institute of India
B)Chennai
C)Hyderabad 175.Where was COP16 held, where global
D)Bengaluru leaders committed $200 billion annually
for biodiversity protection?

✔️
170.Where is the world's largest iceberg,
Colossal A23a, currently stuck? A)Rome

✔️
B)Paris
A)Georgia Island C)New York
B)Antarctica D)London
C)Iceland
D)Greenland 176.What is the name of the fund
launched to boost biodiversity finance?

A)Green Fund
 174

B)Cons Fund

✔️
C)Bio Fund 182.In which Indian state is the Sarhul
D)Cali Fund Festival primarily celebrated, marking the
onset of spring and the start of the new
177.Which country introduced the Green year for Adivasi communities?
Transition Alliance India (GTAI) to
enhance collaboration with India on A)Odisha
sustainable energy solutions? B)Chhattisgarh

✔️
C)Bihar

✔️
A)Sweden D)Jharkhand
B)Denmark
C)Germany 183.Where did the 10th India International
D)Finland Dance & Music Festival conclude?

178.Which company has partnered with A)Mumbai

✔️
the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to B)Bengaluru
restore heritage water bodies? C)New Delhi

T
D)Chennai
A)Coca-Cola ES
B)PepsiCo 184.Which state is hosting the 51st

✔️
C)Nestle Khajuraho Dance Festival in 2025?
D)Bisleri
U
A)Uttar Pradesh
SQ

179.In which Indian state is the Shirui Lily B)Rajasthan

✔️
Festival celebrated? C)Gujarat
D)Madhya Pradesh
BC

A)Nagaland

✔️
B)Arunachal Pradesh 185.Where did the 2nd Simolu Festival
C)Manipur take place in February 2025?
W

D)Mizoram

✔️
A)Meghalaya
180.In which Indian state was the ‘Garia B)Assam
and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025’ C)Nagaland
inaugurated by Chief Minister Manik D)West Bengal
Saha?

✔️
186.Which state is set to host the world's
A)Tripura largest Jhumur festival in 2025?
B)Assam

✔️
C)Meghalaya A)West Bengal
D)Manipur B)Assam
C)Odisha
181.In which Indian state is the festival of D)Jharkhand
Rongali Bihu primarily celebrated?
187.Where was the 38th Surajkund
A)West Bengal International Crafts Fair inaugurated?
B)Odisha

✔️
C)Meghalaya A)Bhopal
D)Assam B)Bhubaneswar
 175

C)Faridabad ✔️ B)Meghalaya

✔️
D)Jaipur C)Tripura
D)Mizoram
188.Where was the 10th Arunachal Film
Festival inaugurated? 194.In which state did the Flamingo
Festival 2025 take place?

✔️
A)Guwahati

✔️
B)Shillong A)Andhra Pradesh
C)Itanagar B)Tamil Nadu
D)Kohima C)Kerala
D)Karnataka
189.Where was the Sci-Fi Science Film
Festival of India inaugurated in 2025? 195.Where did the National Science
Drama Festival 2024-25 commence on

✔️
A)Mumbai 18th January 2025?
B)Panaji

✔️
C)Bangalore A)Mumbai

T
D)Pune B)New Delhi
C)Kolkata
ES
190.In which village is the annual Nagoba D)Bengaluru
Jatara festival celebrated?

✔️
196.In which state is the Gaan-Ngai
U
A)Keslapur festival, celebrated by the Zeliangrong
SQ

B)Medaram community, held?

C)Mulugu
D)Adilabad A)Nagaland

✔️
BC

B)Assam
191.Which city hosted the inaugural C)Manipur
International Pashmina Festival? D)Meghalaya
W

A)Pokhara 197.Which tribe celebrates the Boda

✔️
B)Thimphu Tyohar festival in the Trans-Giri region of
C)Kathmandu Himachal Pradesh?
D)Dhaka
A)Gaddi
192.Which country hosted the 1st B)Kullu

✔️
International Pashmina Festival? C)Lahul
D)Hatti

✔️
A)India
B)Nepal 198.Which state inaugurated the
C)Bhutan three-day International Kite and Sweet
D)Sri Lanka Festival at Parade Grounds?

✔️
193.Which of the following states did not A)Andhra Pradesh
celebrate its Statehood Day on January B)Telangana
21? C)Karnataka
D)Tamil Nadu
A)Manipur
 176

199.Who was appointed the 52nd Chief 205.Who has been appointed as the 26th
Justice of India (CJI)? Chief Election Commissioner in February
2025?
A) DY Chandrachud

✔️
B) Deepak Mishra A) Rajiv Kumar

✔️
C) B R Gavai B) Vivek Joshi
D) Sanjiv Khanna C) Gyanesh Kumar
D) Sukhbir Singh Sandhu
200.Who has been appointed as the
current Chairman of ISRO? 206.Who has been appointed as the
Governor of the RBI?

✔️
A) S Somanath
B) V Narayanan A) Shaktikanta Das

✔️
C) Dr K. Sivan B) Urjit Patel
D) A. S. Kiran Kumar C) Sanjay Malhotra
D) Raghuram Rajan
201.Who Has Been Appointed as the

T
Revenue Secretary of India in 2025? 207.Who Has Been Appointed As the
Director General of the National
ES
A) Ajay Seth Investigation Agency (NIA)?

✔️
B) Vumlunmang Vualnam

✔️
C) Arunish Chawla A) Sadanand Date
U
D) Arvind Shrivastava B) Rakesh Kumar
SQ

C) Angad Singh
202.Who Has Been Re-Elected as the D) Upendra Dwivedi
Chairman of the Bar Council of India?
BC

208.Who has been appointed Chairperson

A) Rakesh Khanna of the National Human Rights Commission

✔️
B) Prashant Bhushan (NHRC)?

✔️
W

C) Manan Kumar Mishra

D) Kapil Sibal A) V. Ramasubramanian
B) D. Y. Chandrachud
203.Mark Rutte Appointed as the Next C) T.S. Thakur
Secretary General of which organisation? D) Dipak Misra

A) WHO 209.Who has been appointed Union

✔️
B) UNICEF Public Service Commission (UPSC)
C) NATO Chairman?
D) IMF
A) SanjaySharma

✔️
204.Who has been appointed as the new B) Dinesh Dasa
Finance Secretary of India? C) Preeti Sudan

✔️
D) TV Somanathan
A) Ajay Seth
B) Hasmukh Adhia 210.Who has been appointed as the new
C) Tuhin Kanta Pandey Chairperson of the National Commission
D) Bhushan Pandey for Women (NCW)?
 177

A) Archana Majumdar 216.Who has topped the " Fiscal Health

B) Nirmala Sitharaman Index 2025 " released by NITI Aayog?

✔️
C) Annpurna Devi

✔️
D) Vijaya Rahatkar A) Kerala
B) Odisha
211.Who has been appointed as C) Karnataka
chairperson of the 23rd Law Commission? D) any of these

A) Rituraj Awasthi 217.As per the Global Firepower Index

B) NV Raman 2025,what is India's military strength rank

✔️
C) DY Chandrachud among 145 countries?
D) Dinesh Maheshwari
A) Second

✔️
212.What is India's rank in the "World B) Third
Press Freedom Index 2025 " released on C) Fourth
3rd may ? D) Fifth

✔️
T
A) 142 218.In the Global Hunger Index 2024,
B) 151 What is India's rank among 127 countries?
ES
C) 159

✔️
D) 161 A) 100th
B) 105th
U
213.In the World Happiness Report 2025, C) 95th
SQ

what is India's rank among 147 countries? D) 110th

A) 118th ✔️ 219.Which city was ranked as the most

BC

B) 120th polluted city in the world, according to the

C) 122th World Air Quality Report 2024,
D) 124th
W

A) Delhi
214.Which Indian university secured the B) Karaganda

✔️
highest position in the "Asia University C) Lahore
Rankings 2025 "? D) Byrnihat

A) IIT Delhi 220.What is the rank of India in the

✔️
B) Delhi University "Henley Passport Index 2025 "?
C) IISc, Bengaluru
D) JNU A) 75th

✔️
B) 80th
214.What is the position of India in the " C) 85th
Global Terrorism Index 2025 "? D) 90th

A) 14th ✔️ 221.Which has become the cleanest city

B) 12th of India for the seventh time?

✔️
C) 10th
D) 8th A) Indore
B) New Delhi
C) Surat
 178

D) Noida A) Hamad International Airport, Doha

✔️
B) Tokyo Haneda Airport
222.Which country has become the C) Singapore Changi Airport
world's largest arms importer according to D) Incheon International Airport
the latest SIPRI report?
228.According to the Brand Finance
A) India Report 2025, Which is the Most Valuable

✔️
B) Saudi Arabia Brand in the World?
C) Ukraine
D) China A) Google
B) Microsoft

✔️
223.What is India's rank in the " Global C) Amazon
Innovation Index 2024 " among 133 global D) Apple
economies?

✔️
229.Who has topped (Least corruption)
A) 39th the recently released "Corruption
B) 42nd Perception Index 2024"?

T
C) 45th

✔️
D) 50th A) Sweden
ES
B) Denmark
224.Which country inaugurated the world’s C) Finland
first commercial-scale e-methanol D) USA
U
production plant in 2025?
SQ

230.As per the Sustainable Development

✔️
A)Norway Report 2024, what is India's rank among
B)Denmark 166 countries?
BC

C)Germany
D)Sweden A) 101
B) 105

✔️
W

225.Recently, which state has topped in C) 107

installing solar panel on railway stations? D) 109

A) Haryana 231.What is India's rank in the " Travel &

B) Gujarat Gujarat Tourism Development Index 2024" among

✔️
C) Odisha 119 countries?
D) Rajasthan
A) 42nd

✔️
226.Which bank has topped the S&P B) 35th
Global Sustainability Ranking 2025? C) 39th
D) 45th

✔️
A) BOB
B) Yes bank 232.World Press Freedom Day" observed
C) HDFC Bank every year on which date?
D) CBI
A) May 1

✔️
227.Which airport has been awarded the B) May 2
title of "World's Best Airport 2025" ? C) May 3
D) May 4
 179

D) K. Satchidanandan
233.National Dengue Day observed every
year on: 239.Which Indian-American singer won

✔️
67th Grammy Awards in 2025 for her
A) May 16 album " Triveni "?

✔️
B) May 17
C) May 18 A) Chandrika Tandon
D) May 19 B) Norah Jones
C) Anoushka Shankar
234.World Malaria Day is observed every D) Falguni Shah
year on which date?
240.Who received the " 59th Jnanpith
A) 24 April Award 2024 " for outstanding contribution

✔️
B) 25 April to Hindi literature?
C) 26 April
D) 27 April A) Uday Prakash

✔️
B) Ashok Vajpeyi

T
235.When is World Intellectual Property C) Vinod Kumar Shukla
Day observed? D) Doodhnath Singh
ES
A) 26 April ✔️ 241.Who became the first Indian lawyer to
B) 27 April honoured the "2025 World Law Congress
U
C) 28 April "?
SQ

D) 29 April
A) Fali S. Nariman
236.When is " World Earth Day " observed B) Harish Salve

✔️
BC

every year? C) Indira Jaising

D) Bhuwan Ribhu
A) 19 April
W

B) 20 April 242.Who was honoured with the " Gold

✔️
C) 21 April Mercury Award" for Peace and
D) 22 April Sustainability on April 1, 2025?

✔️
237.When is World Consumer Rights Day A) Narendra Modi
observed globally? B) The Dalai Lama
C) Kailash Satyarthi
A) 13 March D) Ban Ki-moon

✔️
B) 14 March
C) 15 March 243.How many persons have been
D) 16 March awarded with Padma Awards by President
Draupadi Murmu on the occassion of
238.Who won the " International Booker Republic Day?
Prize 2025 " for a Kannada short story "

✔️
Heart Lamp"? A) 129 Padma Awards
B) 139 Padma Awards

✔️
A) Arundhati Roy C) 149 Padma Awards
B) Banu Mushtaq D) 159 Padma Awards
C) U.R. Ananthamurthy
 180

244.Recently, which Indian actor was D) Dileep Jhaveri

honored with the " Lifetime Achievement
Award " by the UK government? 250.Which state topped the medal tally in
'Khelo India Youth Games 2025'?
A) Rajinikanth

✔️
B) Kamal Haasan A) Madhya Pradesh

✔️
C) Chiranjeevi B) Bihar
D) Amitabh Bachchan C) Maharashtra
D) Haryana
245.Who is the first Indian to receive the "
Ramsar Award" for Wetland Wise Use? 251.Which Indian state hosted the ' 7th
Khelo India Youth Games 2025'?

✔️ ✔️
A) Rameshwar Das
B) Jayshree Vencatesan A) Bihar
C) Sunita Narain B) Maharashtra
D) Anil Agarwal C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Gujarat

T
246.Which film won the Best Film award at
the " 25th IIFA Awards " held in 2025? 252.Which country won the ' ICC
ES
Champions Trophy 2025' recently?

✔️
A) Aattam

✔️
B) 12th Fail A) India
U
C) Laapataa Ladies B) Australia
SQ

D) Animal C) South Africa

D) New Zealand
247.Who was awarded the " Abel Prize
BC

2025 " for Mathematics? 253.Who has topped the 'Khelo India Para

✔️
Games 2025'?
A) Masaki Kashiwara

✔️
W

B) Mikio Sato A) Uttar Pradesh

C) Pierre Deligne B) Haryana
D) Karen Uhlenbeck C) Tamil Nadu
D) Maharashtra
248.Which film has been award with "70th
National Film Awards " for Best feature 254.Which country has become the first in
film in 2024? the world to integrate cryptocurrency

✔️
payments into its national tourism
A) Aattam services?
B) 12Fail
C) KGF A)Singapore
D) Animal B)Switzerland

✔️
C)UAE
249.Who won the Sahitya Akademi Award D)Bhutan
2024 for English literature?
255.Which state won the ' 15th Hockey
A) Gagan Gill Senior Men National Championship

✔️(From Nagaland )
B) Sohan Koul Trophy 2025'by defeating Madhya
C) Easterine Kire Pradesh?
 181

✔️
C)Malaysia

✔️
A) Madhya Pradesh D)Vietnam
B) Punjab
C) Uttar Pradesh 261.Who won the " Asian Snooker
D) Gujarat Championship 2025 " men's title?

✔️
256.Which Indian state is the host of " A) Amir Sarkhosh
Asia Cup Hockey 2025 "? B) Pankaj Advani
C) Ding Junhui

✔️
A) Karnataka D) Marco Fu
B) Bihar (Rajgir)
C) Haryana 262.Which country won the"Asia Mixed
D) Uttar Pradesh Team Badminton Championship 2025 " by
defeating China?
257.Which team won the"15th Hockey
India Senior Women National A) China

✔️
Championship 2025 "? B) Japan

T
C) Indonesia
A) Hockey Haryana D) South Korea
ES
B) Hockey Odisha

✔️
C) Hockey Punjab 263.Which country topped the " 9th Asian
D) Hockey Jharkhand Winter Games 2025 "?
U
SQ

258.Who has topped the medal tally of " A) Japan

✔️
38th National Games 2025 " held in B) South Korea
February? C) China
BC

D) Kazakhstan
A) Maharashtra

✔️
B) Haryana 264.Which cricket team won the 'ICC U19
W

C) Services Sports Control Board Women's T20 World Cup 2025' by

D) Karnataka defeating South Africa?

259.Which team won the both men's and A) Australia

women's titles at the " Kho Kho World Cup B) England

✔️
2025 " by defeating Nepal? C) New Zealand
D) India

✔️
A) Bangladesh
B) India 265.Which country will host the 'FIDE
C) Sri Lanka Chess World Cup' 2025 ?
D) Pakistan

✔️
A) Bhutan
260.Which country has launched a B) India
10-year Golden Visa to attract Indian C) Nepal
investors, tourists, and skilled D) Belgium
professionals?
266.Who won the women's singles title at
A)Thailand the "2025 Senior National Table Tennis
B)Indonesia Championships "?
 182

272.India bought the S-400 Triumf air

A) Manika Batra defense system from which country which

✔️
B) Archana Kamath is used in Operation Sindoor?
C) Diya Chitale

✔️
D) reeja Akula A) United States
B) Russia
267.Which team won the " Vijay Hazare C) France
Trophy 2024-25 " final? D) Israel

✔️
A) Vidarbha 273.How many locations were targeted by
B) Karnataka the Indian Armed Forces during Operation
C) Tamil Nadu Sindoor in May 2025?
D) Mumbai

✔️
A) 6
268.Who became the youngest " World B) 9
Chess Champion in 2024 "? C) 12
D) 15

✔️
T
A) Magnus Carlsen
B) D Gukesh 274.On which date did the Pahalgam
ES
C) Ding Liren terror attack, take place?
D) Viswanathan Anand
A) April 18, 2025
U

✔️
269.How many medals did India win at the B) April 20, 2025
SQ

" Paris Olympics 2024 "? C) April 22, 2025

D) April 24, 2025

✔️ (1 silver, 5 Bronze)
A) 4 Medals
BC

B) 6 Medals 275.Who was the Chief of Defence Staff

C) 8 Medals (CDS) of India during Operation Sindoor?

✔️
D) 10 Medals
W

A) General Anil Chauhan

270.Which Indian athlete won a silver B) General Manoj Pande
medal in the men's javelin throw at the C) Air Chief Marshal R.K.S. Bhadauria
Paris Olympics 2024? D) Admiral Karambir Singh

✔️
A) Shivpal Singh 276.Who is currently appointed as the
B) Neeraj Chopra 'Navy Chief' of India?

✔️
C) Davinder Singh Kang
D) Annu Rani A) Dinesh Kumar Tripathi
B) Akshay Bhatia
271.When was Operation Sindoor C) Vineet Jain
launched? D) Ravindra Kumar Tripathi

A) 7 May 2025 ✔️ 277.Which among the following is a

B) 8 May 2025 nuclear-powered submarine of India?
C) 9 May 2025

✔️
D) 10 May 2025 A) INS Vikramaditya
B) INS Chakra
C) INS Shankul
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D) INS Talwar A) Samantha Harvey ✔️

B) Michael Hofmann
278.What type of drone is the SkyStriker, C) Kairos
as used by the Indian Armed Forces D) Arundhati Roy
during Operation Sindoor?
284.Who released the book " Indian
A) Reconnaissance UAV Renaissance: The Modi Decade " in New
B) Combat Helicopter Drone Delhi?
C) Electronic Warfare Drone

✔️
D) Loitering Munition (Suicide Drone) A) Shri Narendra Modi
B) Shri Amit Shah
279.Which of the Indian defense systems C) Shri Rajnath Singh
is nicknamed "Sudarshan Chakra"? D) Shri Dharmendra Pradhan

A) Agni-V Intercontinental Ballistic Missile 285.The book titled " Why Bharat Matters "

✔️
B) BrahMos Supersonic Cruise Missile is written by whom?
C) S-400 Triumf Air Defence System

T
D) INS Vikrant Aircraft Carrier A) Shashi Tharoor
B) Arundhati Roy
ES
✔️
280.Which one of the following is India's C) Piyush Goyal
indigenously developed Light Combat D) S Jaishankar
Aircraft?
U
286.The book " Witness" released in
SQ

A) Sukhoi October, is the autobiography of which

✔️
B) Rafale Indian athlete?
C) Tejas

✔️
BC

D) Mirage A) Mary Kom

B) Sakshi Malik
281.Who is the author of the book"The C) Saina Nehwal
W

New Icon: Savarkar and the Facts"? D) Dipa Karmakar

A) Uday Mahurkar 287.“Five Decades in Politics " is the

✔️
B) Chirayu Pandit autobiography of whom?

✔️
C) Arun Shourie
D) Vikram Sampath A) Sushil Kumar Shinde
B) Kuldeep Gupta
282.Who is the author of the book " Life C) Soumya Swaminathan
on Mars: Collected Stories " released in D) Parimal Nathwan
January 2025?
288.Who is the author of the book 'The

✔️
A) Arundhati Roy Idea of Democracy'?

✔️
B) Namita Gokhale
C) Jhumpa Lahiri A) Sam Pitroda
D) Kiran Desai B) S Jaishankar
C) Ashish Ghatak
283.Who has been awarded the "Booker D) Divya Gupta
Prize 2024" for the book title" Orbital"?
 184

289.Who is the author of his

autobiography"Source Code: My A) France

✔️
Beginnings"? B) Germany
C) Russia

✔️
A) Ratan Tata D) None of these
B) Bill Gates
C) Elon Musk 295.The 4th edition of military exercise "
D) Mukesh Ambani Harimaru Shakti "was conducted between
India and which country?
290.The 23rd edition of naval exercise

✔️
"VARUNA 2025" conducted between A) Japan
which two countries? B) Malaysia
C) Indonesia

✔️
A) India-USA D) Sri Lanka
B) India-France
C) India-Malaysia 296.Recently, with which country is India
D) India-Sri Lanka organised the 4th edition of exercise 'Tiger

T
Triumph 2025'?
291.The 3rd edition of " Exercise Cyclone ES
2025 " is conducted between India and A) Egypt

✔️
which country? B) Brazil
C) America
U
A) Maldives D) China
SQ

B) Australia

✔️
C) Indonesia 297.The 6th edition of Military Exercise
D) Egypt 'Dharma Guardian " was conducted
BC

between India and which country?

292.The 18th edition of military exercise "

✔️
Surya Kiran" was conducted between A) Maldives
W

India and which neighbouring country? B) Japan

C) India

✔️
A) Sri Lanka D) Australia
B) Nepal
C) Bangladesh 298.The first joint Military Exercise "
D) China CINBAX" was conducted between India
and which country?

✔️
293.Which of the following military
exercise conducted between the Air Force A) Cambodia
of India, France and UAE ? B) Malaysia
C) Australia

✔️
A) Tarang Shakti D) France
B) Desert Knight
C) Eastern Bridge 299.Where has DRDO recently
D) Pitch black successfully tested the Very Short Range
Air Defense System 'VSHORADS'?
294.Recently, the 14th edition of naval
exercise 'Indra 2025' started between A) Karnataka
India and which country? B) Tamil Nadu
 185

C) Odisha ✔️ 305.What is the name of the mission

D) Andhra Pradesh launched by ISRO to study the Sun ?

300.The 13th edition of 'Ekuverin' 2025 A) Chandrayaan-3

✔️
Military Exercise is conducted between B) Mangalyaan-2
which two countries? C) Aditya-L1
D) Gaganyaan

✔️
A) India & Sri Lanka
B) India & Maldives 306.In January 2025, Which country has
C) India & Bangladesh introduced the prototype of the world's
D) India & Indonesia fastest high-speed train?

301.The Bilateral Maritime Exercise A) India

'SLINEX 24' was conducted between India B) Japan

✔️
and which country? C) Russia
D) China
A) Denmark

✔️
T
B) Oman 307.Which spacecraft brought NASA
C) Sri Lanka astronaut Sunita Williams on earth from
ES
D) Israel international space station in march 2025?

302.Which branch of the Indian Armed A) Boeing Starliner

U
Forces hosted the 3rd edition of " B) Orion Capsule
SQ

✔️
Meghayan-25"? C) Soyuz MS-23
D) SpaceX Crew Dragon
A) Indian Army

✔️
BC

B) Indian Air Force 308.In which city has India's Al

C) Indian Navy supercomputer 'AIRAWAT' installed?
D) Indian Coast Guard
W

A) Bengaluru

✔️
303.With which of the following country B) Hyderabad
India recently organised the 12th edition of C) Pune
" Exercise Khanjar-XII "? D) Chenna

A) Nepal 309.Which country has recently built a 3D

✔️
B) Bhutan printed railway station in six hours?

✔️
C) Kyrgyzstan
D) Bangladesh A) Japan
B) America
304.The 9th edition of " Garud Shakti " C) China
Military exercise was conducted between D) India
India and which country?
310.Which biotech company has recently
A) Nepal succeeded in reviving the extinct "Dire
B) China Wolf " using advanced DNA technology

✔️
C) United Kingdom and gene-editing techniques?
D) Indonesia
A) Biocon Ltd
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B) Colossal Biosciences ✔️ 316.What percentage of the government's

C) Genentech India revenue comes from Income Tax?
D) Bharat Biotech

✔️
A) 17%
311.Which national park was recently B) 22%
designated as India's 58th Tiger Reserve C) 18%
of India? D) 24%

✔️
A) Pench National Park 317.Which state is set to benefit from the
B) Madhav National Park establishment of a "Makhana Board " as
C) Bandhavgarh National Park announced in the Union Budget 2025?
D) Kanha National Park

✔️
A) Uttar Pradesh
312.Recently, which country's private B) Bihar
company's lander 'Blue Ghost' has landed C) West Bengal
on the Moon? D) Assam

T
A) Russia 318.What is the new loan limit under the

✔️
B) China Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme as per
ES
C) America the Union Budget 2025?
D) India

✔️
A) 3 lakh rupees
U
313.In which state has 'Rajiv Yuva B) 5 lakh rupees
SQ

Vikasam' scheme been started recently? C) 7 lakh rupees

✔️
D) 10 lakh rupees
A) Telangana
BC

B) Haryana 319.How much has been allocated to the

C) Andhra Pradesh Defence sector in the 2025-26 Budget?
D) Tamilnadu

✔️
W

A) 4.91 lakh crore rupees

314.Which ministry received the highest B) 6.81 lakh crore rupees
allocation in the 2025-26 Budget? C) 2.33 lakh crore rupees
D) 2.87 lakh crore rupees
A) Ministry of Defence

✔️
B) Ministry of Railways 320.What is the fiscal deficit target for
C) Ministry of Finance 2025-26 as a percentage of GDP?
D) Ministry of Home Affairs

✔️
A) 4.0%
315.Which source contributes the most to B) 4.4%
the government's revenue in the 2025-26 C) 4.8%
Budget? D) 5.0%

A) Corporation Tax 321.What is the maximum income up to

✔️
B) Income Tax which no Income TAX will be payable
C) Borrowings & Other Liabilities under the new regime?
D) GST & Other Taxes
A) 8 lakh rupees
B) 10 lakh rupees
 187

C) 12 lakh rupees ✔️ A) 80%

✔️
D) 14 lakh rupees B) 90%
C) 100%
322.What is the target for Nuclear Energy D) 95%
development in India by 2047?
325.Which state or union territory has
A) 50 GW recently become the 35th state to join the

✔️
B) 75 GW Ayushman Bharat Scheme?
C) 100 GW
D) 150 GW A)Haryana

✔️
B)Rajasthan
323 Which of the following is identified as C)Delhi
the First Engine of growth in the Budget? D)Puducherry

A) Exports 326.On April 5, 2025, which Indian leader

✔️
B) MSMEs was conferred Sri Lanka's highest civilian
C) Agriculture honour "Mithra Vibhushana"?

T
D) Investments

✔️
A)Dr. S. Jaishankar
ES
324.In Budget 2025-26, the Foreign Direct B)Narendra Modi
Investment (FDI) limit in the Insurance C)Rajnath Singh
sector has been increased from 74% to D)Amit Shah
U
what percentage?
SQ
BC
W

​ ​ ​ ​
W
BC
SQ
U
ES
T
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