[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
58 views4 pages

Explain The Concept of Exchange in Telecommunication

In telecommunications, an exchange is a central facility that routes and connects telephone calls, managing connections and disconnections. There are various types of exchanges, including manual, stored program control, central office, private branch, and mobile switching center, each serving different functions. The telecommunication switching hierarchy consists of local, toll, international, inter-exchange carrier, and public switched telephone network levels, designed to efficiently manage call routing across geographic areas.

Uploaded by

sumanchy2055
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
58 views4 pages

Explain The Concept of Exchange in Telecommunication

In telecommunications, an exchange is a central facility that routes and connects telephone calls, managing connections and disconnections. There are various types of exchanges, including manual, stored program control, central office, private branch, and mobile switching center, each serving different functions. The telecommunication switching hierarchy consists of local, toll, international, inter-exchange carrier, and public switched telephone network levels, designed to efficiently manage call routing across geographic areas.

Uploaded by

sumanchy2055
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Explain the concept of exchange in

telecommunication
In telecommunications, an exchange refers to a central facility where telephone calls are
routed and connected. It is the point where telephone lines are connected to the
telephone network and where calls are switched to their destination.

The exchange is responsible for routing incoming calls to the correct destination,
whether it be another telephone, a group of telephones, or a computer. It also manages
the connection of the call and disconnects the call when it is finished.

There are several different types of exchanges in telecommunications, including:

• Manual exchanges: These are the oldest type of exchanges, where operators
manually connect calls by physically plugging in cords to the appropriate lines.
• Stored program control (SPC) exchanges: These exchanges use computer
programs to control the switching of calls, allowing for faster and more efficient
call routing.
• Central office (CO) exchanges: These are the most common type of exchanges,
and are responsible for connecting calls between local telephone lines and the
long-distance network.
• Private branch exchange (PBX): These are exchanges used by businesses and
organizations to handle internal telephone communication.
• Mobile switching center (MSC): These exchanges are used in cellular networks to
connect mobile phone calls and manage the connection of calls between cell
towers.

The exchange plays a crucial role in the functioning of the telecommunications network
and enables a phone call to connect between two or more parties. It also enables to
connect to other communication networks such as internet, and allows for the routing
of calls to emergency services. With the increasing usage of IP networks, exchanges are
now becoming more and more IP-based and are called softswitches.
describe telecommunication switching
hierarchy in brief
Telecommunication switching hierarchy refers to the various levels of switches
and switches centers used to route and connect telephone calls in a
telecommunications network. The levels of switching hierarchy are arranged in
a hierarchical manner, with each level responsible for a specific function and
serving a specific geographic area.

The main levels of the telecommunication switching hierarchy are:

1. Local exchange: This is the lowest level of the hierarchy and serves a
specific geographic area, such as a city or a town. Local exchanges
connect calls between local telephone lines and the long-distance
network.
2. Toll exchange: This level of the hierarchy handles long-distance calls
between different local exchanges. Toll exchanges are responsible for
routing long-distance calls to their destination and managing the
connection of the call.
3. International gateway exchange: This level of the hierarchy handles
international calls. International gateway exchanges are responsible for
connecting international calls to the appropriate international network.
4. Inter-exchange carrier (IXC): This level of the hierarchy connects the
different local exchanges, toll exchanges and international gateway
exchanges together. IXCs are responsible for routing and connecting
calls between different parts of the network.
5. Public switched telephone network (PSTN): This is the highest level of
the hierarchy and is the overall network that connects all the switches
together. The PSTN is responsible for connecting all telephone calls in
the world.

Each level of the hierarchy is connected to the next level through trunks, which
are dedicated communication channels that carry multiple calls at the same
time. With the increasing usage of IP networks, the hierarchy is becoming
more and more IP-based and is converging with the internet. This is known as
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) which allows for the integration of IP based
services into traditional PSTN network and enables new services such as VoIP,
and multimedia services.

describe telecommunication switching


hierarchy in brief
Telecommunication switching hierarchy refers to the different levels or layers
of switching that are used in a telecommunications network. The main
purpose of this hierarchy is to efficiently route and connect telephone calls,
and to manage the large volume of calls that are made in a
telecommunications network.

The main levels of the telecommunication switching hierarchy are:

1. Local Switching: This is the first level of the hierarchy and it is


responsible for connecting calls between local telephone lines within a
specific geographic area. This is usually done by a local exchange or
central office (CO) switch.
2. Toll Switching: The next level of the hierarchy is toll switching, which
connects calls between different local exchanges or COs. This is done by
toll switches, which are also known as tandem switches.
3. Long-Distance Switching: This level of the hierarchy connects calls
between different regions or countries. Long-distance switches are
responsible for routing calls to the correct destination, based on the
number dialed.
4. International Switching: The top level of the hierarchy is international
switching, which connects calls between different countries.
International switches are responsible for routing calls to the correct
destination and for handling the necessary signaling and billing for
international calls.
5. Mobile Switching: Mobile switching is another level of the hierarchy that
handles the routing of calls in cellular networks. Mobile switching
centers (MSCs) are responsible for connecting calls between mobile
phones and the public switched telephone network (PSTN), as well as
managing the connection of calls between cell towers.

Overall, the telecommunication switching hierarchy is designed to efficiently


route and connect telephone calls, and to manage the large volume of calls
that are made in a telecommunications network. This hierarchy allows for the
scaling of the network to handle more calls and to connect calls to a wide
range of destinations.

You might also like