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C++ Unit 1

Unit 1 introduces Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with a comparison to Procedural Programming, highlighting features such as structure, focus, and code reusability. It covers key OOP concepts like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, as well as differences between C and C++. The unit emphasizes understanding C++ syntax, decision structures, and the use of pointers and structures.

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104 views3 pages

C++ Unit 1

Unit 1 introduces Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with a comparison to Procedural Programming, highlighting features such as structure, focus, and code reusability. It covers key OOP concepts like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, as well as differences between C and C++. The unit emphasizes understanding C++ syntax, decision structures, and the use of pointers and structures.

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sahilsahil69221
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Unit 1 Notes - OOPs with C++ (CAP422J2)

UNIT 1: Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (15 Hours)

1. Comparison of Procedural Programming and Object-Oriented Programming

(OOP)

| Feature | Procedural Programming | Object-Oriented

Programming |

|------------------------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------|

| Structure | Top-down | Bottom-up |

| Focus | Functions | Objects & Classes |

| Data Access | Globally accessible | Encapsulated |

| Code Reusability | Limited | High |

| Real-world Modeling | Less realistic | More realistic |

2. Benefits of OOP

- Modularity

- Reusability

- Data Hiding

- Scalability

- Real-world Mapping

3. Key OOP Concepts

- Abstraction: Hide unnecessary details.

- Encapsulation: Binding data and methods.


- Inheritance: Code reuse via base and derived classes.

- Polymorphism: One interface, many implementations.

4. Difference between C and C++

| Feature |C | C++ |

|-------------------|------------------------|--------------------------|

| Paradigm | Procedural | Object-Oriented |

| Encapsulation | No | Yes |

| Overloading | Not supported | Supported |

| I/O | scanf/printf | cin/cout |

ELEMENTS OF C++ LANGUAGE

1. Tokens & Identifiers: Smallest units (keywords, constants, etc.)

2. Variables & Constants: Data containers, const/define for constants.

3. Reference Variables: Aliases for existing variables.

4. Data Types: Built-in, Derived, User-defined.

5. Streams: I/O using cin/cout.

6. Operators: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise, etc.

DECISION AND CONTROL STRUCTURES

1. Conditionals: if, if-else, switch

2. Loops: while, do-while, for

3. break/continue: control flow in loops

POINTERS AND STRUCTURES


1. Pointers: Hold memory address of variables.

2. Structures: User-defined grouping of different data types.

Quick Summary:

- Focus on OOP pillars.

- Understand C++ syntax.

- Practice loops, conditionals, pointers, structures.

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