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HUMAN WASTE
Refers to the waste produced by humans through the digestive system.
HUMAN WASTE PRODUCTS
Urine - Liquid by-product of human metabolism.
Feces - Solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested
or absorbed in the small intestine.
HUMAN WASTE DISPOSAL
Refers to the proper disposal of human waste products. Dealing with
waste at every stage from generation and collection up until final dis
WHY SHOULD WE DISPOSE OUR
WASTE?
Over one hundred protozoans, bacteria, and viruses have been
identified in human wastes, including Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium
parvum, various coliform bacteria, and viruses such as Hepatitis A
Proper disposal of human waste is important to avoid pollution of
water sources, avoid the negative implications of someone else finding
it, minimize the possibility of spreading disease and maximize the rate
of decomposition.
DISEASES CAUSED BY
IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL
Cholera - causes severe diarrhea and dehydration as well as vomiting and
muscle cramps.
Typhoid Fever - causes prolonged high fever, fatigue, headache, nausea,
abdominal pain, and constipation.
Dysentery - causes diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting, weight loss and stomach
cramps.
THE CHOLERA OUTBREAK
OF 1854
During the mid-19th century in Soho, London a
serious problem with filth was being
experienced by its residents. The water system
of London had yet to reach Soho, meanwhile
Cowsheds, slaughter houses and grease-boiling
dens lined the streets and contributed animal
droppings, rotting fluids and other
contaminants to the primitive Soho sewer
system.
Many cesspools were forming within cellars
and seeping to the streets and as a means of
clean-up, the London government decided to
dump the excess filth into the River Thames
which effectively contaminated London’s
water supply.
THE BROAD STREET
CHOLERA OUTBREAK
OF 1854
This outbreak, which killed 616 people would eventually lead to the
study of its source by a physician named John Snow. His discovery came
to influence public health and the construction of improved sanitation
facilities beginning in the mid-19th century. Later, the term "focus of
infection" started to be used to describe sites, such as the Broad Street
pump, in which conditions are favourable for transmission of an
infection.
COMPETING THEORIES OF
CHOLERA AT THE TIME
Miasma Theory -
theorized that cholera
was caused by
particles in the air, or
"miasmata", which
arose from
decomposing matter
or other dirty organic
sources.
Germ Theory - held that
the principal cause of
cholera was a germ cell
that had not yet been
identified. Snow theorized
that this unknown germ
was transmitted from
person to person by
individuals ingesting water.
BIBLICAL BASIS
ENGLISH TAGALOG
Deuteronomy 23:12, Thou shalt have a place also without the camp, whither
thou shalt go forth abroad:
13, And thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon; and it shall be, when thou
wilt ease thyself abroad, thou shalt dig therewith, and shalt turn back and
cover that which cometh from thee:
14, For the LORD thy God walketh in the midst of thy camp, to deliver thee,
and to give up thine enemies before thee; therefore shall thy camp be holy:
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that he see no unclean thing in thee, and turn away from thee.
BIBLICAL BASIS
ENGLISH TAGALOG
DEUTERONOMIO 23:12-14 (ADB) 12. Ikaw ay magkakaroon naman, ng isang pook sa
labas ng kampamento, na iyong lalabasan:
13. At ikaw ay magkakaroon din ng isang pala sa kasamahan ng iyong mga
kasangkapan; at mangyayari, na pagka ikaw ay palilikod sa labas ay huhukay ka, at
ikaw ay babalik at tatabunan mo ang ipinalikod mo:
14. Sapagka't ang Panginoon mong Dios ay lumalakad sa gitna ng iyong kampamento,
upang iligtas ka, at ibigay ang iyong mga kaaway sa harap mo; kaya't ang iyong
kampamento ay magiging banal: upang huwag siyang makakita ng anomang maruming
bagay sa iyo, at baka humiwalay sa iyo.
BIBLICAL BASIS
ENGLISH TAGALOG
EZEKIEL 4:12-14
12 And thou shalt eat as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it with dung that
cometh out of man, in their sight.
13 And the LORD said, Even thus shall the children of Israel eat their defiled
bread among the Gentiles, whither I will drive them.
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14 Then said I, Ah Lord GOD! behold, my soul hath not been polluted: for
g from my youth up even till now have I not eaten of that which dieth of itself,
or is torn in pieces; neither came there abominable flesh into my mouth.
BIBLICAL BASIS
ENGLISH TAGALOG
EZEKIEL 4:12-14
12 At iyong kakaning parang mga munting tinapay na cebada, at iyong lulutuin sa
dumi na galing sa tao sa kanilang paningin.
13 At sinabi ng Panginoon, Ganito kakanin ng mga anak ni Israel ang kanilang
maruming tinapay, sa gitna ng mga bansa na aking pagtatabuyan sa kanila.
14 Nang magkagayo'y sinabi ko, Ah Panginoong Dios! narito, ang aking kaluluwa ay
hindi nadumhan, sapagka't mula sa aking kabataan hanggang ngayon ay hindi ako
kumain ng namamatay sa sarili, o nilapa ng mga hayop; o pumasok man ang
kasuklamsuklam na karne sa aking bibig.
HAND
WASHING
WHAT IS HANDWASHING?
The act of cleaning one’s hands with the use of any
liquid with or without soap for the purpose of removing
dirt or microorganisms. It is the most effective measure
in reducing the risk of transmitting infectious diseases.
Handwashing is under the umbrella of hand hygiene.
Hand hygiene is defined by the World Health
Organization as a general term that applies to
handwashing, antiseptic handwash, antiseptic hand rub
or surgical hand antisepsis.
HISTORY
Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian doctor
working in Vienna General Hospital, is known
as the father of hand hygiene. In 1846, he
observed that women in the doctor-run
maternity ward had higher rates of fever and
death than those in the adjacent midwife-run
ward. Investigating this, he noted that
doctors often visited the maternity ward after
performing autopsies, possibly carrying
'cadaverous particles' on their hands.
Midwives, who did not perform autopsies,
were not exposed to these particles.
Scientific explanation: Why do you need to
wash your hands?
Washing hands can keep you healthy and prevent
the spread of respiratory and diarrheal infections.
Germs can spread from person to person or from
surfaces to people when you: Touch your eyes,
nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. The World
Health Organization (WHO) recommends washing
hands for at least 20 seconds before and after
certain activities.
There are five critical times during the day where washing hands
with soap is important to reduce fecal-oral transmission of disease:
1. After using the toilet (for urination, defecation, menstrual hygiene)
2. After cleaning a child's bottom (changing diapers)
3. Before feeding a child
4. Before eating and
5. Before/after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry
Other occasions when correct handwashing technique should be practiced in order to
prevent the transmission of disease include before and after treating a cut or wound; after
sneezing, coughing, or blowing your nose; after touching animal waste or handling
animals; and after touching garbage.
A small detrimental effect of handwashing is that frequent hand washing can lead to skin
damage due to the drying of the skin. A 2012 Danish study found that excessive hand washing
can lead to an itchy, flaky skin condition known as contact dermatitis, which is especially
common among health-care workers.
Health Benefits of Handwashing
1.Prevention of Infectious Diseases:
Reduction of Respiratory Infections: Regular handwashing can significantly reduce the risk of
respiratory illnesses, such as colds, influenza, and COVID-19, by removing viruses that are
commonly spread via hand-to-mouth/nose/eye contact.
Prevention of Gastrointestinal Infections: Proper hand hygiene can prevent the spread of
pathogens that cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal infections, including norovirus and E.
coli.
2. Protection Against Foodborne Illnesses:
Handwashing before handling food can prevent the transmission of foodborne pathogens. This
reduces the risk of illnesses like salmonella, campylobacter, and hepatitis A.
3. Reduction of Antibiotic Resistance:
By preventing infections through handwashing, there is less need for antibiotics, which helps
combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.
4. Protection in Healthcare Settings:
Hand hygiene is crucial in healthcare environments to prevent healthcare-associated
infections (HAIs) such as MRSA, Clostridium difficile, and other hospital-acquired
infections.
5. Enhanced Overall Hygiene:
Regular handwashing reduces the overall presence of harmful bacteria and viruses on
hands, which lowers the likelihood of self-inoculation and spreading germs to others.
6. Community Health Benefits:
Widespread adherence to handwashing can reduce the overall incidence of infectious
diseases within a community, promoting better public health and reducing the burden on
healthcare systems.
7. Improved Outcomes for Children:
Children, particularly those in school and daycare settings, benefit greatly from
handwashing as it reduces absenteeism due to illness and promotes a healthier
learning environment.
8. Enhanced Skin Health:
Proper handwashing with mild soap and water, followed by moisturizing, helps
maintain skin integrity and prevents dermatitis and other skin conditions that can
occur from dry or cracked skin.
9. Reduction in Outbreaks:
Effective hand hygiene can help control and prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases
in various settings, including schools, workplaces, and public gatherings.
BIBLICAL
BASIS
Kung may masumpungang pinatay sa lupain na ibinibigay sa iyo ng
Panginoon mong Dios upang ariin, na nabubulagta sa parang, at
hindi maalaman kung sinong sumugat sa kaniya:
Ay lalabas nga ang iyong mga matanda at ang iyong mga hukom,
at kanilang susukatin ang layo ng mga bayang nasa palibot ng
pinatay:
At mangyayari, na ang mga matanda sa bayang yaon, na bayang malapit
sa pinatay, ay kukuha ng isang dumalagang baka sa bakahan, na hindi pa
nagagamit at hindi pa nakakapagpasan ng pamatok;
ibababa ng mga matanda ang dumalagang baka sa isang libis na may agos ng
tubig, na di pa nabubukid, ni nahahasikan, at babaliin ang leeg ng
dumalagang baka doon sa libis: .
DEUTERONOMIO 21:1-7 (ADB)
At ang mga saserdote na mga anak ni Levi ay lalapit, sapagka't sila ang
pinili ng Panginoon mong Dios na mangasiwa sa kaniya, at bumasbas sa
pangalan ng Panginoon; at ayon sa kanilang salita ay pasisiyahan ang
bawa't pagkakaalit at bawa't awayan:
At lahat ng mga matanda sa bayang yaon, na malapit
sa pinatay, ay maghuhugas ng kanilang kamay sa
ibabaw ng dumalagang baka na binali ang leeg sa libis:
At sila’y sasagot at sasabihin, Ang aming kamay ay hindi nagbubo ng
dugong ito, ni nakita ng aming mga mata.
DEUTERONOMIO 21:1-7 (ADB)
ISAIAS 1:10-16 (ADB) 10. Pakinggan ninyo ang salita ng
Panginoon, ninyong mga pinuno ng Sodoma; mangakinig kayo
sa kautusan ng ating Dios, kayong bayan ng Gomorra.
11. Sa anong kapararakan ang karamihan ng inyong mga hain sa
akin? sabi ng Panginoon: ako'y puno ng mga handog na
susunugin na mga lalaking tupa, at ng mataba sa mga hayop na
pinataba; at ako'y hindi nalulugod sa dugo ng mga toro, o ng
mga kordero o ng mga kambing na lalake.
12. Nang kayo’y magsidating na pakita sa harap ko, sinong
humingi nito sa inyong kamay, upang inyong yapakan ang aking
mga looban?
13. Huwag na kayong magdala ng mga walang kabuluhang alay; kamangyan ay
karumaldumal sa akin; ang bagong buwan, at ang sabbath, ang tawag ng mga
kapulungan, hindi ako makapagtitiis ng kasamaan at ng takdang pulong.
14. Ipinagdaramdam ng aking puso ang inyong mga bagong buwan at ang inyong
mga takdang kapistahan: mga kabagabagan sa akin; ako’y pata ng pagdadala ng
mga yaon.
15. At pagka inyong iginagawad ang inyong mga kamay, aking ikukubli ang aking
mga mata sa inyo: oo, pagka kayo’y nagsisidalangin ng marami, hindi ko kayo
didinggin: ang inyong mga kamay ay puno ng dugo.
16. Mangaghugas kayo, mangaglinis kayo; alisin ninyo ang kasamaan ng inyong
mga gawa sa harap ng aking mga mata; mangaglikat kayo ng paggawa ng
kasamaan:
MATEO 27:22-24 (ADB) 22. Sinabi sa kanila ni Pilato, Ano
ang gagawin kay Jesus na tinatawag na Cristo? Sinabi
nilang lahat, Mapako siya sa krus.
23. At sinabi niya, Bakit, anong kasamaan ang kaniyang
ginawa? Datapuwa’t sila’y lalong nangagsigawan, na
nangagsasabi, Mapako siya sa krus.
24. Kaya’t nang makita ni Pilato na wala siyang magawa,
kundi bagkus pa ngang lumalala ang kaguluhan, siya’y
kumuha ng tubig, at naghugas ng kaniyang mga kamay sa
harap ng karamihan, na sinasabi, Wala akong kasalanan
sa dugo nitong matuwid na tao; kayo ang bahala niyan.
SANTIAGO 4:8 (ADB)
Magsilapit kayo sa Dios, at
siya'y lalapit sa inyo.
Mangaglinis kayo ng inyong
mga kamay, kayong mga
makasalanan; at dalisayin
ninyo ang inyong mga puso,
kayong mga may dalawang
akala.
PSALMS 102:18 (KJV)
This shall be written
for the generation to
come: and the people
which shall be
created shall praise
the LORD.
