Verify Beer-Lambert’s law
AIM: To verify Lambert-beer’s law for KMnO4 colorimetrically.
Apparatus:
Colorimeter, cuvette,volumetric flask
Burette, two 100 mL beakers , glass rod, tissues.
Chemicals required:
0.01M KMnO4 solution,distilled water.
THEORY:
The Beer-Lambert law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to
the concentration of the absorbing species in the solution and the path length. Thus, for a
fixed path length (cuvette length), UV/Vis spectroscopy can be used to determine the
concentration of the absorber in a solution. The absorbance changes with
concentration, A higher concentration of the colored solution absorbs more light (and
transmits less) than a solution of lower concentration.
According to Beer–Lambert law,
where
I o and I t are the incident and transmitted intensities,
A = absorbance
C=concentration
l= length of cuvette ( 1cm)
ε =molar extinction coefficient.
A= ε c l
At constant length
Aαc
PROCEDURE:
Take small volumes of 0.01M KMnO4 solution and distilled water in separate
beakers. Label five clean, dry volumetric flasks. Use burette to prepare five
standard solutions according to the chart below. Thoroughly mix each
solution.
Table-1:Preparation of Standard KMnO4 Solution;
Sl.no KMnO4(0.01M) Distilled H2O(ml) Concentration(M)
1 2.0 ml
2 4.0 ml
3 6.0 ml
4 8.0 ml
5 10.0 ml
Unknown
Prepare a blank by filling a cuvette ¾ full with distilledwater.
To correctly use cuvettes, remember
Wipe the outside of each cuvette with a lint-free tissue.
Handle cuvettes only by the top edge of the ribbed sides.
Gently tap the cuvette on a hard surface.
Always position the cuvettes to the light passes through the clear sides.
Determine the absorbance value of the unknown KMnO4 solution:
Obtain required volume of the unknown KMnO4 in another clean,
dry,volumetric flask. Record the unknown in your data table.
Rinse the cuvette twice with the unknown solution and fill it about 3/4
full. Wipe the outside of the cuvette, place it into the device. (Close the lid
of the Colorimeter.)
Read the absorbance value displayed in the meter. When the displayed
absorbance value stabilizes, record its value.
Select Interpolate from the Analyze menu. Find the absorbance value that
is closest to the absorbance reading you obtained above. Determine the
concentration of your unknown KMnO4 solution and record the
concentration in your data table.
Dispose of any of the remaining solutions as directed.
Absorbance of the solution:
Sl.no Concentration(mol/L) Absorbance
1
2
3
4
5
6 Unknown solution
From graph we know the concentration of unknown KMnO4 solution= (mol/L)
Report:
The given unknown solution verifying Beer- Lamberts law.
Concentration of unknown solution = (mol/L)
