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Web Dwvelopment II

The document provides an introduction to XML, JavaScript, jQuery, PHP, and HTTP, highlighting their purposes and key features. XML is a self-descriptive markup language designed for data storage and transport, while JavaScript is essential for web development, with ES6 introducing new features. jQuery simplifies JavaScript usage, PHP enables dynamic web pages, and HTTP is the protocol for communication between browsers and servers.

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9 views6 pages

Web Dwvelopment II

The document provides an introduction to XML, JavaScript, jQuery, PHP, and HTTP, highlighting their purposes and key features. XML is a self-descriptive markup language designed for data storage and transport, while JavaScript is essential for web development, with ES6 introducing new features. jQuery simplifies JavaScript usage, PHP enables dynamic web pages, and HTTP is the protocol for communication between browsers and servers.

Uploaded by

tushargrewalq12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to XML

XML is a software- and hardware-independent tool for storing and transporting data.

What is XML?
 XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language
 XML is a markup language much like HTML
 XML was designed to store and transport data
 XML was designed to be self-descriptive
 XML is a W3C Recommendation

The XML above is quite self-descriptive:

 It has sender information


 It has receiver information
 It has a heading
 It has a message body

But still, the XML above does not DO anything. XML is just information wrapped in tags.

The Difference Between XML and HTML


XML and HTML were designed with different goals:

 XML was designed to carry data - with focus on what data is


 HTML was designed to display data - with focus on how data looks
 XML tags are not predefined like HTML tags are

XML Does Not Use Predefined Tags


The XML language has no predefined tags.

The tags in the example above (like <to> and <from>) are not defined in any XML standard. These tags are "invented" by the
author of the XML document.

HTML works with predefined tags like <p>, <h1>, <table>, etc.

With XML, the author must define both the tags and the document structure.

XML is Extensible
Most XML applications will work as expected even if new data is added (or removed).

Imagine an application designed to display the original version of note.xml (<to> <from> <heading> <body>).

Then imagine a newer version of note.xml with added <date> and <hour> elements, and a removed <heading>.
JavaScript
JavaScript is the world's most popular programming language.

JavaScript is the programming language of the Web.

JavaScript is easy to learn.

Why Study JavaScript?


JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn:

1. HTML to define the content of web pages

2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages

3. JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages

This tutorial covers every version of JavaScript:

 The Original JavaScript ES1 ES2 ES3 (1997-1999)


 The First Main Revision ES5 (2009)
 The Second Revision ES6 (2015)

Javascript ES6
ECMAScript 2015 was the second major revision to JavaScript.

ECMAScript 2015 is also known as ES6 and ECMAScript 6.

New Features in ES6


 The let keyword
 The const keyword
 Arrow Functions
 The {a,b} = Operator
 The [a,b] = Operator
 The ... Operator
 For/of
 Map Objects
 Set Objects
 Classes
 Promises
 Symbol
 Default Parameters
 Function Rest Parameter
 String.includes()
 String.startsWith()
 String.endsWith()
 Array entries()
 Array.from()
 Array keys()
 Array find()
 Array findIndex()
 Math.trunc
 Math.sign
 Math.cbrt
 Math.log2
 Math.log10
 Number.EPSILON
 Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER
 Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
 Number.isInteger()
 Number.isSafeInteger()
 New Global Methods
 JavaScript Modules

Browser Support for ES6 (2015)


ES6 is fully supported in all modern browsers since June 2017:

Chrome Edge Firefox Safari Opera


51 15 54 10 38

AJAX
AJAX, or Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, is a web development technique that allows web pages to update parts of their
content without a full page reload. It achieves this by using JavaScript and the XMLHttpRequest object to exchange data
with a server in the background. This creates a more dynamic and interactive user experience.

Key Features of AJAX:


 Asynchronous Communication:
AJAX requests are made asynchronously, meaning the page doesn't freeze while waiting for data from the server.
 Dynamic Content Updates:
AJAX enables updating specific parts of a web page without refreshing the entire page.
 Improved User Experience:
By minimizing page reloads, AJAX contributes to a more seamless and responsive user experience.
 Reduced Server Load:
AJAX often involves exchanging smaller amounts of data, which can reduce the load on the server.
 Compatibility:
AJAX is based on open standards and works across various web browsers without requiring additional plugins, according to Spiceworks .
 Diverse Data Formats:
AJAX can handle various data formats like XML, JSON, and plain text for exchanging data between the client and server.
 Integration with JavaScript:
AJAX is tightly integrated with JavaScript, enabling developers to control the communication with the server and manipulate the web
page's content, according to Hostinger .
 Uses XMLHttpRequest Object:
The XMLHttpRequest object is a core component of AJAX, responsible for managing the communication between the web page
and the server.
In essence, AJAX is a powerful tool for creating more interactive and responsive web applications by enabling background
data exchange between the client and server, without requiring full page reloads.

jQuery Introduction
The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your website.

What is jQuery?
jQuery is a lightweight, "write less, do more", JavaScript library.

The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your website.

jQuery takes a lot of common tasks that require many lines of JavaScript code to accomplish, and wraps them into methods that you
can call with a single line of code.

jQuery also simplifies a lot of the complicated things from JavaScript, like AJAX calls and DOM manipulation.

The jQuery library contains the following features:

 HTML/DOM manipulation
 CSS manipulation
 HTML event methods
 Effects and animations
 AJAX
 Utilities

Tip: In addition, jQuery has plugins for almost any task out there.

Why jQuery?
There are lots of other JavaScript libraries out there, but jQuery is probably the most popular, and also the most extendable.

Many of the biggest companies on the Web use jQuery, such as:

 Google
 Microsoft
 IBM
 Netflix

PHP
 PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages.
 PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP.

What is PHP?
 PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"
 PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP is free to download and use
What is a PHP File?
 PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
 PHP code is executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML
 PHP files have extension ".php"

What Can PHP Do?


 PHP can generate dynamic page content
 PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
 PHP can be used to control user-access
 PHP can encrypt data

With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images or PDF files. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and
XML.

HTTP
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, and it's the foundation of communication between web browsers and servers,
enabling the delivery of website content. A web server is the software and hardware that uses HTTP to store, process, and
deliver website content (like HTML, images, etc.) to users.

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):


 Definition:
A set of rules that dictate how information is exchanged between web browsers and servers.
 Function:
Enables web browsers to request and receive web pages, images, videos, and other resources from a web server.
 How it works:
A client (browser) sends an HTTP request to the server, and the server responds with an HTTP response (the requested content).
 Evolution:
HTTP has evolved through different versions, with HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 being newer versions offering performance improvements.
Web Servers:
 Definition: Software and hardware that stores and serves website content.
 Function:
o Receives requests from clients (browsers).

o Processes these requests to retrieve the requested content.

o Sends the content back to the client (browser).


 Example: Akamai and Apache HTTP Server are popular web server software.
 Importance: Web servers are the infrastructure that powers websites by handling the delivery of web content to users.

Difference between HTTP AND WEB SERVERS


On the software side, a web server includes several parts that control how web users access hosted files. At a minimum, this is an HTTP
server. An HTTP server is software that understands URLs (web addresses) and HTTP (the protocol your browser uses to view webpages)

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