Raspberry Pi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi

Raspberry Pi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized single-board

Raspberry Pi
computer developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi
Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of
basic computer science in schools.[4][5][6]

The Raspberry Pi is manufactured in three board

configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements
with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components
and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi
online.[7] Egoman produces a version for distribution solely
in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other
Pis by their red coloring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The
hardware is the same across all manufacturers.

In 2014 the Raspberry Pi Foundation launched the Compute

Module, which packages a Raspberry Pi Model B into a
SODIMM 200-pin module, to encourage its use in embedded Raspberry Pi computer Model B+
systems.[8] Developer Raspberry Pi Foundation
Type Single-board computer
The Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835
system on a chip (SoC),[1] which includes an Release date February 2012

ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU,[9] Introductory US$25 (model A) and US$35 (model
and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, price B, B+)
later upgraded (Model B & Model B+) to 512 MB.[2][10] The Operating Linux (Raspbian, Debian GNU/Linux,
system has Secure Digital (SD) or MicroSD (Model B+) system OpenELEC, Fedora, Arch Linux ARM,
sockets for boot media and persistent storage.[11] Gentoo), RISC OS, FreeBSD,
NetBSD, Plan 9, Inferno, Openwrt
The Foundation provides Debian and Arch Linux ARM
Power 2.5 W (model A), 3.5 W (model B)
distributions for download.[12] Tools are available for Python
as the main programming language, with support for BBC 3.0 W (model B+)

BASIC[13] (via the RISC OS image or the Brandy Basic CPU ARM1176JZF-S (ARMv6k)
clone for Linux),[14] C, C++, Java,[15] Perl and Ruby.[16] 700 MHz[1]
Memory 256 MB[2] (Model A)
As of February 2014, about 2.5 million boards had been
256 MB (Model B rev 1)
sold.[17]
512 MB (Model B rev 2, B+)[3]
Storage SD card slot

Contents SD or SDHC card (Model A and B),

MicroSD card (Model B+)

1 Hardware Graphics Broadcom VideoCore IV[1]

2 Software Website www.raspberrypi.org

(http://www.raspberrypi.org)
3 Reception and use

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4 History
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links

Hardware
Processor

Level 2 cache is 128 KB, used primarily by the GPU, not the CPU.

The Broadcom SoC used in the Raspberry Pi is equivalent to a chip used

in an old smartphone (Android or iPhone). While operating at 700 MHz
by default, the Raspberry Pi provides a real world performance roughly
equivalent to the 0.041 GFLOPS.[18][19] On the CPU level the
performance is similar to a 300 MHz Pentium II of 1997-1999. The GPU
provides 1 Gpixel/s or 1.5 Gtexel/s of graphics processing or Location on the PCB of connectors
24 GFLOPS of general purpose computing performance. The graphics and major ICs of original Raspberry PI
capabilities of the Raspberry Pi are roughly equivalent to the level of B
performance of the Xbox of 2001. The Raspberry Pi chip, operating at
700 MHz by default, will not become hot enough to need a heatsink or
special cooling. The SoC is stacked underneath the RAM chip, so only
its edge is visible.

The LINPACK single node compute benchmark results in a mean single

precision performance of 0.065 GFLOPS and a mean double precision
Block diagram of the Model-A, B and
performance of 0.041 GFLOPS for one Raspberry Pi Model-B board.[20]
B+; in a Model-A the lowest two
A cluster of 64 Raspberry Pi Model-B computers, labeled "Iridis-pi",
blocks and the rightmost block are
achieved a LINPACK HPL suite result of 1.14 GFLOPS (n=10240) at
missing (note that these three blocks
216 watts for c. US$4,000.[20]
are in a chip that actually contains a
three-port USB hub, with a USB
Overclocking
Ethernet adapter connected to one of
its ports). In the Model-A the USB port
Most Raspberry Pi devices can be overclocked to 800 MHz and some
is connected directly to the SoC. On
even higher to 1000 MHz. In the Raspbian Linux distro the overclocking
the model B+ the chip contains a five
options on boot can be done by a software command running "sudo
point hub, with four USB ports fed
raspi-config" without voiding the warranty, see note 9 below. In those
out, instead of the two of the B.
cases the Pi automatically shuttles the overclocking down in case the
chip reaches 85 °C (185 °F), but it is possible to overrule automatic over
voltage and overclocking settings (voiding the warranty). In that case, one can try putting an appropriately sized
heatsink on it to keep the chip from heating up far above 85 °C.

Newer versions of the firmware contain the option to choose between five overclock ("turbo") presets that when
turned on try to get the most performance out of the SoC without impairing the lifetime of the Pi. This is done

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by monitoring the core temperature of the chip, and the CPU load, and dynamically adjusting clock speeds and
the core voltage. When the demand is low on the CPU, or it is running too hot, the performance is throttled, but
if the CPU has much to do, and the chip's temperature is acceptable, performance is temporarily increased, with
clock speeds of up to 1 GHz, depending on the individual board, and on which of the turbo settings is used. The
five settings are:

None; 700 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 400 MHz SDRAM, 0 overvolt,
Modest; 800 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 400 MHz SDRAM, 0 overvolt,
Medium; 900 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 450 MHz SDRAM, 2 overvolt,
High; 950 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 450 MHz SDRAM, 6 overvolt,
Turbo; 1000 MHz ARM, 500 MHz core, 600 MHz SDRAM, 6 overvolt.[21][22]

In the highest (turbo) preset the SDRAM clock was originally 500 MHz, but this was later changed to 600 MHz
because 500 MHz sometimes causes SD card corruption. Simultaneously in high mode the core clock speed was
lowered from 450 to 250 MHz, and in medium mode from 333 to 250 MHz.

RAM

On the older beta model B boards, 128 MB was allocated by default to the GPU, leaving 128 MB for the
CPU.[23] On the first 256 MB release model B (and Model A), three different splits were possible. The default
split was 192 MB (CPU RAM), which should be sufficient for standalone 1080p video decoding, or for simple
3D, but probably not for both together. 224 MB was for Linux only, with just a 1080p framebuffer, and was
likely to fail for any video or 3D. 128 MB was for heavy 3D, possibly also with video decoding (e.g. XBMC).[24]
Comparatively the Nokia 701 uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV.[25] For the new model B with
512 MB RAM initially there were new standard memory split files released( arm256_start.elf, arm384_start.elf,
arm496_start.elf) for 256 MB, 384 MB and 496 MB CPU RAM (and 256 MB, 128 MB and 16 MB video
RAM). But a week or so later the RPF released a new version of start.elf that could read a new entry in
config.txt (gpu_mem=xx) and could dynamically assign an amount of RAM (from 16 to 256 MB in 8 MB steps)
to the GPU, so the older method of memory splits became obsolete, and a single start.elf worked the same for
256 and 512 MB Pis.[26]

Networking

Though the Model A does not have an 8P8C ("RJ45") Ethernet port, it can connect to a network by using an
external user-supplied USB Ethernet or Wi-Fi adapter. On the model B the Ethernet port is provided by a
built-in USB Ethernet adapter.

Peripherals

Generic USB keyboards and mice are compatible with the Raspberry Pi.[11]

Video

The video controller is capable of the following video resolutions: 640 × 350 EGA; 640 × 480 VGA; 800 × 600
SVGA; 1024 × 768 XGA; 1280×720 720p HDTV; 1280 × 768 WXGA Variant; 1280 × 800 WXGA Variant;
1280 × 1024 SXGA; 1366 × 768 WXGA Variant; 1400 × 1050 SXGA+; 1600 × 1200 UXGA; 1680 × 1050
WXGA+; 1920 × 1080 1080p HDTV; 1920 × 1200 WUXGA.[27] It can also generate 576i and 480i composite

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video signals for PAL-BGHID, PAL-M, PAL-N, NTSC and NTSC-J.[28]

Real-time Clock

The Raspberry Pi does not come with a real-time clock, which means it cannot keep track of the time of day
while it is not running.

As alternatives, a program running on the Pi can get the time from a network time server or user input at boot
time.

A real-time clock (such as the DS1307) with battery backup can be added via the I²C interface.

Specifications

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Compute Module
Note: all interfaces are via
Model A Model B Model B+
200-pin DDR2 SO-DIMM
connector.
US$30 (in batches of
Target price: US$25 US$35[29][30]
100)[31]
SoC: Broadcom BCM2835 (CPU, GPU, DSP, SDRAM, and single USB port)[1][31]
CPU: 700 MHz ARM1176JZF-S core (ARM11 family, ARMv6 instruction set)[1]
Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 250 MHz[32][33]
OpenGL ES 2.0 (24 GFLOPS)
GPU:
MPEG-2 and VC-1 (with license[34]), 1080p30 h.264/MPEG-4 AVC high-profile decoder and
encoder[1]
Memory 256 MB (shared
512 MB (shared with GPU) as of 15 October 2012
(SDRAM): with GPU)
4 (via the on-board
USB 2.0 1 (direct from 2 (via the on-board 1 (direct from BCM2835
5-port USB
ports:[11] BCM2835 chip) 3-port USB hub)[35] chip)
hub)[29][36]
15-pin MIPI camera interface (CSI) connector, used with the 2× MIPI camera interface
Video input:
Raspberry Pi Camera or Raspberry Pi NoIR Camera.[37] (CSI)[31][38][39]
Composite video (PAL and NTSC) (in Models A and B, via
RCA jack; in Model B+, via 3.5 mm TRRS jack shared with
audio out), HDMI (rev 1.3 & 1.4),[40] MIPI display interface
Composite video,[43][38]
Video (DSI) for raw LCD panels[41][42] HDMI, 2× MIPI display
outputs: [31][39]
14 HDMI resolutions from 640×350 to 1920×1200 plus various interface (DSI)
PAL and NTSC standards.[27]

Audio analog audio via 3.5 mm phone jack, HDMI, and, as of revision
analog audio, HDMI, I²S
outputs: 2 boards, I²S audio[44] (also potentially for audio input)
4-GB eMMC flash memory
Onboard SD / MMC / SDIO card slot (3.3 V with chip;[31] may or may not
MicroSD[29]
storage:[11] card power only) support external SD cards
with configuration changes
10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet (8P8C) USB
Onboard
None adapter on the third/fifth port of the USB None
network:[11]
hub[35]
8× GPIO,[45] plus the following, which can 17× GPIO plus the 46× GPIO, some of which
Low-level also be used as GPIO: UART, I²C bus, SPI same specific can be used for specific
peripherals: bus with two chip selects, I²S audio[46] functions, and HAT functions including I²C, SPI,
+3.3 V, +5 V, ground[32][47] ID bus UART, PCM, PWM[48]
Power
ratings: 300 mA (1.5 W)[49] 700 mA (3.5 W) 600 mA (3.0 W)[29] similar to Model A

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Power
5 V via MicroUSB or GPIO header 5V
source:
85.60 mm × 56 mm (3.370 in × 2.205 in) – not including 67.6 mm × 30 mm (2.66 in
Size:
protruding connectors × 1.18 in)
Weight: 45 g (1.6 oz) 7 g (0.25 oz)[50]

Accessories

Camera – On 14 May 2013, the foundation and the distributors RS Components & Premier
Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi camera board with a firmware update to accommodate
it.[51] The camera board is shipped with a flexible flat cable that plugs into the CSI connector located
between the Ethernet and HDMI ports. In Raspbian, one enables the system to use the camera board by
the installing or upgrading to the latest version of the OS and then running Raspi-config and selecting the
camera option. The cost of the camera module is 20 EUR in Europe (9 September 2013).[52] It can
produce 1080p, 720p, 640x480p video. The footprint dimensions are 25 mm x 20 mm x 9 mm.[52]
Gertboard – A Raspberry Pi Foundation sanctioned device designed for educational purposes, and
expands the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins to allow interface with and control of LEDs, switches, analog
signals, sensors and other devices. It also includes an optional Arduino compatible controller to interface
with the Pi.[53]
Infrared Camera – in October 2013, the foundation announced that they would begin producing a camera
module without an infrared filter, called the Pi NoIR.[54]
HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) expansion boards – Together with the model B+, inspired by the
Arduino shield boards, were devised by the Raspberry PI Foundation. Each HAT board carries a small
EEPROM (typically a CAT24C32WI-GT3)[55] containing the relevant details of the board,[56] so that the
Raspberry PI's OS is informed of the HAT, and the technical details of it, relevant to the OS using the
HAT.[57] Mechanical details of a HAT board, that use the four mounting holes in their rectangular
formation, are here: [1] (https://github.com/raspberrypi/hats/blob/master/hat-board-mechanical.pdf).
More info here: [2] (https://github.com/raspberrypi/hats).

Software
Operating systems

The Raspberry Pi primarily uses Linux kernel-based operating systems (it is not possible to run Windows on the
Raspberry Pi).[58] The ARM11 is based on version 6 of the ARM on which several popular versions of Linux no
longer run (in current releases), including Ubuntu.[59] The install manager for Raspberry Pi is NOOBS. The OSs
included with NOOBS are:

Archlinux ARM
OpenELEC[60]

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Pidora (Fedora Remix)

Raspbmc[61] and the XBMC open source digital media center[62]
RISC OS[63] – The operating system of the first ARM-based computer
Raspbian (recommended)[64] – Maintained independently of the Foundation;[65] based on the ARM
hard-float (armhf) Debian 7 'Wheezy' architecture port originally designed for ARMv7 and later
processors (with Jazelle RCT/ThumbEE, VFPv3, and NEON SIMD extensions), compiled for the more
limited ARMv6 instruction set of the Raspberry Pi. A minimum size of 2 GB SD card is required, but a
4 GB SD card or above is recommended. There is a Pi Store for exchanging programs.[66][67]
The Raspbian Server Edition is a stripped version with other software packages bundled as
compared to the usual desktop computer oriented Raspbian.[68][69]
The Wayland display server protocol enable the efficient use of the GPU for hardware accelerated
GUI drawing functions.[70] on 16 April 2014 a GUI shell for Weston called Maynard (software) was
released.
PiBang Linux is derived from Raspbian.[71]
Raspbian for Robots - A fork of Raspbian for robotics projects with LEGO, Grove, and Arduino.[72]

Other OSs

openSUSE[73]
Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix[74]
Slackware ARM – Version 13.37 and later runs on the Raspberry Pi without modification.[75][76][77][78]
The 128–496 MB of available memory on the Raspberry Pi is at least twice the minimum requirement of
64 MB needed to run Slackware Linux on an ARM or i386 system.[79] (Whereas the majority of Linux
systems boot into a graphical user interface, Slackware's default user environment is the textual shell /
command line interface.[80]) The Fluxbox window manager running under the X Window System requires
an additional 48 MB of RAM.[81]
FreeBSD[82] and NetBSD[83][84]
Plan 9 from Bell Labs[85][86] and Inferno[87] (in beta)
Moebius – A light ARM HF distribution based on Debian. It uses Raspbian repository, but it fits in a 1 GB
SD card. It has just minimal services and its memory usage is optimized to keep a small footprint.
OpenWrt – Primarily used on embedded devices to route network traffic.
Kali Linux – A Debian-derived distro designed for digital forensics and penetration testing.
Instant WebKiosk – An operating system for digital signage purposes (web and media views)
Ark OS – Website and email self-hosting
Minepion – Dedicated operating system for mining cryptocurrency
Kano OS http://kano.me/downloads
Nard SDK (http://www.arbetsmyra.dyndns.org/nard/) For industrial embedded systems

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Driver APIs

Raspberry Pi can use a VideoCore IV GPU via a binary blob, which is

loaded into the GPU at boot time from the SD-card, and additional
software, that initially was closed source.[88] This part of the driver code
was later released,[89] however much of the actual driver work is done
using the closed source GPU code. Application software uses calls to
closed source run-time libraries (OpenMax, OpenGL ES or OpenVG)
which in turn calls an open source driver inside the Linux kernel, which
then calls the closed source Videocore IV GPU driver code. The API of
the kernel driver is specific for these closed libraries. Video applications
use OpenMAX, 3D applications use OpenGL ES and 2D applications
use OpenVG which both in turn use EGL. OpenMAX and EGL use the
open source kernel driver in turn.[90] Scheme of the implemented APIs:
OpenMAX, OpenGL ES and OpenVG
Third party application software

Mathematica – Since 21 November 2013, Raspbian includes a full installation of this proprietary software
for free.[91][92] As of 1 August 2014 the version is Mathematica 10.[93]
Minecraft – Released 11 February 2013; a version for the Raspberry Pi, in which you can modify the
game world with code.[94]

Reception and use

Technology writer Glyn Moody described the project in May 2011 as a "potential BBC Micro 2.0", not by
replacing PC compatible machines but by supplementing them.[95] In March 2012 Stephen Pritchard echoed the
BBC Micro successor sentiment in ITPRO.[96] Alex Hope, co-author of the Next Gen report, is hopeful that the
computer will engage children with the excitement of programming.[97] Co-author Ian Livingstone suggested
that the BBC could be involved in building support for the device, possibly branding it as the BBC Nano.[66]
Chris Williams, writing in The Register sees the inclusion of programming languages such as Kids Ruby, Scratch
and BASIC as a "good start" to equip kids with the skills needed in the future – although it remains to be seen
how effective their use will be.[98] The Centre for Computing History strongly supports the Raspberry Pi project,
feeling that it could "usher in a new era".[99] Before release, the board was showcased by ARM's CEO Warren
East at an event in Cambridge outlining Google's ideas to improve UK science and technology education.[100]

Harry Fairhead, however, suggests that more emphasis should be put on improving the educational software
available on existing hardware, using tools such as Google App Inventor to return programming to schools,
rather than adding new hardware choices.[101] Simon Rockman, writing in a ZDNet blog, was of the opinion that
teens will have "better things to do", despite what happened in the 1980s.[102]

In October 2012, the Raspberry Pi won T3's Innovation of the Year award,[103] and futurist Mark Pesce cited a
(borrowed) Raspberry Pi as the inspiration for his ambient device project MooresCloud.[104] In October 2012,
the British Computer Society reacted to the announcement of enhanced specifications by stating, "it's definitely
something we'll want to sink our teeth into."[105]

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Community

The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie Ayre of FLOSS software company AdaCore as one of the
most exciting parts of the project.[106] Community blogger Russell Davis said that the community strength allows
the Foundation to concentrate on documentation and teaching.[106] The community is developing fanzines
around the platform, such as The MagPi.[107] A series of community Raspberry Jam events have been held
across the UK[108] and further afield,[109] led by Alan O'Donohoe,[108][110][111] principal teacher of ICT at Our
Lady's High School, Preston,[111][112] and a teacher-led community from RaspberryJam has started building a
crowdsourced scheme of work.[113]

Use in education

As of January 2012, enquiries about the board in the United Kingdom have been received from schools in both
the state and private sectors, with around five times as much interest from the latter. It is hoped that businesses
will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools.[114] The CEO of Premier Farnell said that the government of
a country in the Middle East has expressed interest in providing a board to every schoolgirl, in order to enhance
her employment prospects.[115][116]

The Raspberry Pi Foundation and Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations launched a beta of the Cambridge
GCSE Computing Online course or MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) based around the current GCSE
Computing syllabus. The MOOC will consist of videos, animations and interactive tasks on every part of the
curriculum presented by UK teachers. The beta is currently presented by Clive Beale who is the Head of
Educational Development. All tasks will be supported by written materials and audio and text transcripts
available for disabled students. The first MOOC will be linked to a formal GCSE qualification.[117]

Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations also provide resources to use with a Raspberry Pi for teachers who
would like to use the device in their lessons including Getting started, Singing Jelly Baby and other features
about the Raspberry Pi.[118]

History
In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based on the Atmel
ATmega644 microcontroller. Its schematics and PCB layout are publicly
available.[119] Foundation trustee Eben Upton assembled a group of
teachers, academics and computer enthusiasts to devise a computer to
inspire children.[114] The computer is inspired by Acorn's BBC Micro of
1981.[120][121] Model A, Model B and Model B+ are references to the
original models of the British educational BBC Micro computer,
developed by Acorn Computers.[98] The first ARM prototype version of
the computer was mounted in a package the same size as a USB memory
stick.[122] It had a USB port on one end and an HDMI port on the other. An early alpha-test board in operation
using different layout from later beta
The Foundation's goal was to offer two versions, priced at US$25 and and production boards
US$35. They started accepting orders for the higher priced model B on
29 February 2012,[123] and the lower cost model A on 4 February
2013.[124]

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Pre-launch

July 2011 – Trustee Eben Upton publicly approached the RISC OS Open community in July 2011 to
enquire about assistance with a port.[125] Adrian Lees at Broadcom has since worked on the port,[126][127]
with his work being cited in a discussion regarding the graphics drivers.[128] This port is now included in
NOOBS.
August 2011 – 50 alpha boards are manufactured. These boards were functionally identical to the planned
model B,[129] but they were physically larger to accommodate debug headers. Demonstrations of the
board showed it running the LXDE desktop on Debian, Quake 3 at 1080p,[130] and Full HD MPEG-4
video over HDMI.[131]
October 2011 – A version of RISC OS 5 was demonstrated in public, and following a year of development
the port was released for general consumption in November 2012.[63][132][133][134]
December 2011 – Twenty-five model B Beta boards were assembled and tested[135] from one hundred
unpopulated PCBs.[136] The component layout of the Beta boards was the same as on production boards.
A single error was discovered in the board design where some pins on the CPU were not held high; it was
fixed for the first production run.[137] The Beta boards were demonstrated booting Linux, playing a 1080p
movie trailer and the Rightware Samurai OpenGL ES benchmark.[138]
Early 2012 – During the first week of the year, the first 10 boards were put up for auction on
eBay.[139][140] One was bought anonymously and donated to the museum at The Centre for Computing
History in Suffolk, England.[99][141] The ten boards (with a total retail price of £220) together raised over
£16,000,[142] with the last to be auctioned, serial number No. 01, raising £3,500.[143] In advance of the
anticipated launch at the end of February 2012, the Foundation's servers struggled to cope with the load
placed by watchers repeatedly refreshing their browsers.[144]

Launch

19 February 2012 – The first proof of concept SD card image that

could be loaded onto an SD card to produce a preliminary
operating system is released. The image was based on Debian 6.0
(Squeeze), with the LXDE desktop and the Midori browser, plus
various programming tools. The image also runs on QEMU
allowing the Raspberry Pi to be emulated on various other
platforms.[145][146]
29 February 2012 – Initial sales commence 29 February 2012[147]
at 06:00 UTC;. At the same time, it was announced that the Model
A, originally to have had 128 MB of RAM, was to be upgraded to Raspberry Pi Model A
256 MB before release.[123] The Foundation's website also
announced: "Six years after the project's inception, we're nearly at the end of our first run of development

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– although it's just the beginning of the Raspberry Pi story."[148] The web-shops of the two licensed
manufacturers selling Raspberry Pi's within the United Kingdom, Premier Farnell and RS Components,
had their websites stalled by heavy web traffic immediately after the launch (RS Components briefly
going down completely).[149][150] Unconfirmed reports suggested that there were over two million
expressions of interest or pre-orders.[151] The official Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported that Premier
Farnell sold out within a few minutes of the initial launch, while RS Components took over 100,000 pre
orders on day one.[123] Manufacturers were reported in March 2012 to be taking a "healthy number" of
pre-orders.[106]
March 2012 – Shipping delays for the first batch were announced in March 2012, as the result of
installation of an incorrect Ethernet port,[152][153] but the Foundation expected that manufacturing
quantities of future batches could be increased with little difficulty if required.[154] "We have ensured we
can get them [the Ethernet connectors with magnetics] in large numbers and Premier Farnell and RS
Components [the two distributors] have been fantastic at helping to source components," Upton said. The
first batch of 10,000 boards was manufactured in Taiwan and China.[155][156]
8 March 2012 – Release Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, the recommended Linux distribution,[157] developed
at Seneca College in Canada.[158]
March 2012 – The Debian port is initiated by Mike Thompson, former CTO of Atomz. The effort was
largely carried out by Thompson and Peter Green, a volunteer Debian developer, with some support from
the Foundation, who tested the resulting binaries that the two produced during the early stages (neither
Thompson nor Green had physical access to the hardware, as boards were not widely accessible at the
time due to demand).[159] While the preliminary proof of concept image distributed by the Foundation
before launch was also Debian-based, it differed from Thompson and Green's Raspbian effort in a couple
of ways. The POC image was based on then-stable Debian Squeeze, while Raspbian aimed to track
then-upcoming Debian Wheezy packages.[146] Aside from the updated packages that would come with the
new release, Wheezy was also set to introduce the armhf architecture,[160] which became the raison
d'être for the Raspbian effort. The Squeeze-based POC image was limited to the armel architecture, which
was, at the time of Squeeze's release, the latest attempt by the Debian project to have Debian run on the
newest ARM EABI.[161] The armhf architecture in Wheezy intended to make Debian run on the ARM
VFP hardware floating-point unit, while armel was limited to emulating floating point operations in
software.[162][163] Since the Raspberry Pi included a VFP, being able to make use of the hardware unit
would result in performance gains and reduced power usage for floating point operations.[159] The armhf
effort in mainline Debian, however, was orthogonal to the work surrounding the Pi and only intended to
allow Debian to run on ARMv7 at a minimum, which would mean the Pi, an ARMv6k device, would not
benefit.[160] As a result, Thompson and Green set out to build the 19,000 Debian packages for the device
using a custom build cluster.[159]

Post-launch

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16 April 2012 – Reports appear from the first buyers who had received their Raspberry Pi.[164][165]
20 April 2012 – The schematics for the Model A and Model B are released.[166]
18 May 2012 – The Foundation reported on its blog about a prototype camera module they had
tested.[167] The prototype used a 14-megapixel module.
22 May 2012 – Over 20,000 units had been shipped.[168]
16 July 2012 – It was announced that 4,000 units were being manufactured per day, allowing Raspberry
Pis to be bought in bulk.[169][170]
24 August 2012 – Hardware accelerated video (H.264) encoding becomes available after it became
known that the existing license also covered encoding. Previously it was thought that encoding would be
added with the release of the announced camera module.[171][172] However, no stable software exists for
hardware H.264 encoding.[173] At the same time the Foundation released two additional codecs that can
be bought separately, MPEG-2 and Microsoft's VC-1. Also it was announced that the Pi will implement
CEC, enabling it to be controlled with the television's remote control.[34]
July 2012 – Release of Raspbian.[174]
5 September 2012 – The Foundation announced a second revision of the Raspberry Pi Model B.[175] A
revision 2.0 board is announced, with a number of minor corrections and improvements.[176]
6 September 2012 – Announcement that in future the bulk of Raspberry Pi units would be manufactured
in the UK, at Sony's manufacturing facility in Pencoed, Wales. The Foundation estimated that the plant
would produce 30,000 units per month, and would create about 30 new jobs.[177][178]
15 October 2012 – It is announced that new Raspberry Pi Model Bs are to be fitted with 512 MB instead
of 256 MB RAM.[10]
24 October 2012 – The Foundation announces that "all of the VideoCore driver code which runs on the
ARM" had been released as free software under a BSD-style license, making it "the first ARM-based
multimedia SoC with fully-functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, reverse engineered) fully
open-source drivers", although this claim has not been universally accepted.[89] On 28 February 2014,
they also announced the release of full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics core, and a complete
source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD license[179][180]
October 2012 – It was reported that some customers of one of the two main distributors had been waiting
more than six months for their orders. This was reported to be due to difficulties in sourcing the CPU and
conservative sales forecasting by this distributor.[181]
17 December 2012 – The Foundation, in collaboration with IndieCity and Velocix, opens the Pi Store, as a
"one-stop shop for all your Raspberry Pi (software) needs". Using an application included in Raspbian,
users can browse through several categories and download what they want. Software can also be
uploaded for moderation and release.[182]
3 June 2013 – 'New Out Of Box Software or NOOBS is introduced. This makes the Raspberry Pi easier to
use by simplifying the installation of an operating system. Instead of using specific software to prepare an
SD card, a file is unzipped and the contents copied over to a FAT formatted (4 GB or bigger) SD card.

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That card can then be booted on the Raspberry Pi and a choice of six operating systems is presented for
installation on the card. The system also contains a recovery partition that allows for the quick restoration
of the installed OS, tools to modify the config.txt and an online help button and web browser which
directs to the Raspberry Pi Forums.[183]
October 2013 – The Foundation announces that the one millionth Pi had been manufactured in the United
Kingdom.[184]
November 2013: they announce that the two millionth Pi shipped between 24 and 31 October.[185]
28 February 2014 – On the day of the second anniversary of the Raspberry Pi, Broadcom, together with
the Raspberry PI foundation, announced the release of full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics
core, and a complete source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD license.[179][180]
7 April 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Compute Module, a device in
the form factor of a 200-pin DDR2 SO-DIMM memory module (though not in any way compatible with
such RAM), intended for consumer electronics designers to use as the core of their own products.[31]
June 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog mentioned that the three millionth Pi shipped in early May
2014.[186]
14 July 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Model B+, "the final evolution
of the original Raspberry Pi. For the same price as the original Raspberry Pi Model B, but incorporating
numerous small improvements people have been asking for".[29]

See also
Comparison of single-board computers

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Further reading
Raspberry Pi For Dummies; Sean McManus and Mike Cook; 432 pages; 2013; ISBN 978-1118554210.
Getting Started with Raspberry Pi; Matt Richardson and Shawn Wallace; 176 pages; 2013; ISBN
978-1449344214.

External links
Raspberry Pi Foundation official website and forums Wikimedia Commons has
(http://www.raspberrypi.org) media related to Raspberry
Pi.
Raspberry Pi Wiki, supported by the RPF (http://elinux.org
/RaspberryPiBoard)
Raspberry Pi gpio pinout (http://www.panu.it/raspberry/)
Raspberry Pi component map (http://raspmap.everpi.net)

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Raspberry Pi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raspberry_Pi&oldid=630096472"

Categories: ARM architecture Educational technology Linux-based devices Single-board computers

Products introduced in 2012 Microcontrollers

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Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual
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