Step 1: We will be importing modules into the program and giving default values for the game.

import turtle

import time

import random

delay = 0.1

score = 0

high_score = 0

Step 2: Now, we will be creating the display of the game, i.e, the window screen for the game
where we will create the head of the snake and food for the snake in the game and displaying the
scores at the header of the game.

# Creating a window screen

wn = turtle.Screen()

wn.title("Snake Game")

wn.bgcolor("blue")

# the width and height can be put as user's choice

wn.setup(width=600, height=600)

wn.tracer(0)

# head of the snake

head = turtle.Turtle()

head.shape("square")

head.color("white")

head.penup()

head.goto(0, 0)

head.direction = "Stop"
# food in the game

food = turtle.Turtle()

colors = random.choice(['red', 'green', 'black'])

shapes = random.choice(['square', 'triangle', 'circle'])

food.speed(0)

food.shape(shapes)

food.color(colors)

food.penup()

food.goto(0, 100)

pen = turtle.Turtle()

pen.speed(0)

pen.shape("square")

pen.color("white")

pen.penup()

pen.hideturtle()

pen.goto(0, 250)

pen.write("Score : 0 High Score : 0", align="center",

font=("candara", 24, "bold"))

Output:

The initial score as the header, white: snake’s head, red: fruit

Step 3: Now, we will be validating the key for the snake’s movements. By clicking the keywords
normally used for gaming ‘w’, ‘a’, ‘s’ and ‘d’, we can operate the snake’s movements around the
screen.

# assigning key directions

def group():

if head.direction != "down":
 head.direction = "up"

def godown():

if head.direction != "up":

head.direction = "down"

def goleft():

if head.direction != "right":

head.direction = "left"

def goright():

if head.direction != "left":

head.direction = "right"

def move():

if head.direction == "up":

y = head.ycor()

head.sety(y+20)

if head.direction == "down":

y = head.ycor()

head.sety(y-20)

if head.direction == "left":

x = head.xcor()

head.setx(x-20)

if head.direction == "right":

x = head.xcor()

head.setx(x+20)
wn.listen()

wn.onkeypress(group, "w")

wn.onkeypress(godown, "s")

wn.onkeypress(goleft, "a")

wn.onkeypress(goright, "d")

Step 4: Now, lastly, we will create the gameplay where the following will be happening:

The snake will grow its body when the snake eats the fruits.

Giving color to the snake’s tail.

After the fruit is eaten, the score will be counted.

Checking for the snake’s head collisions with the body or the wall of the window screen.

Restarting the game automatically from the start after the collision.

The new shape and color of the fruit will be introduced every time the window is restarted.

The score will be returned to zero and a high score will be retained until the window is not closed.

segments = []

# Main Gameplay

while True:

wn.update()

if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:

time.sleep(1)

head.goto(0, 0)

head.direction = "Stop"

colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])

shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])

for segment in segments:

segment.goto(1000, 1000)

segments.clear()

score = 0
 delay = 0.1

pen.clear()

pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(

score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))

if head.distance(food) < 20:

x = random.randint(-270, 270)

y = random.randint(-270, 270)

food.goto(x, y)

# Adding segment

new_segment = turtle.Turtle()

new_segment.speed(0)

new_segment.shape("square")

new_segment.color("orange") # tail colour

new_segment.penup()

segments.append(new_segment)

delay -= 0.001

score += 10

if score > high_score:

high_score = score

pen.clear()

pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(

score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))

# Checking for head collisions with body segments

for index in range(len(segments)-1, 0, -1):

x = segments[index-1].xcor()

y = segments[index-1].ycor()

segments[index].goto(x, y)

if len(segments) > 0:

x = head.xcor()

y = head.ycor()
 segments[0].goto(x, y)

move()

for segment in segments:

if segment.distance(head) < 20:

time.sleep(1)

head.goto(0, 0)

head.direction = "stop"

colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])

shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])

for segment in segments:

segment.goto(1000, 1000)

segments.clear()

score = 0

delay = 0.1

pen.clear()

pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(

score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))

time.sleep(delay)

wn.mainloop()

Below the complete program based on the above approach:

# import required modules

import turtle

import time

import random

delay = 0.1

score = 0

high_score = 0
# Creating a window screen

wn = turtle.Screen()

wn.title("Snake Game")

wn.bgcolor("blue")

# the width and height can be put as user's choice

wn.setup(width=600, height=600)

wn.tracer(0)

# head of the snake

head = turtle.Turtle()

head.shape("square")

head.color("white")

head.penup()

head.goto(0, 0)

head.direction = "Stop"

# food in the game

food = turtle.Turtle()

colors = random.choice(['red', 'green', 'black'])

shapes = random.choice(['square', 'triangle', 'circle'])

food.speed(0)

food.shape(shapes)

food.color(colors)

food.penup()

food.goto(0, 100)

pen = turtle.Turtle()

pen.speed(0)

pen.shape("square")
pen.color("white")

pen.penup()

pen.hideturtle()

pen.goto(0, 250)

pen.write("Score : 0 High Score : 0", align="center",

font=("candara", 24, "bold"))

# assigning key directions

def group():

if head.direction != "down":

head.direction = "up"

def godown():

if head.direction != "up":

head.direction = "down"

def goleft():

if head.direction != "right":

head.direction = "left"

def goright():

if head.direction != "left":

head.direction = "right"

def move():

if head.direction == "up":
 y = head.ycor()

head.sety(y+20)

if head.direction == "down":

y = head.ycor()

head.sety(y-20)

if head.direction == "left":

x = head.xcor()

head.setx(x-20)

if head.direction == "right":

x = head.xcor()

head.setx(x+20)

wn.listen()

wn.onkeypress(group, "w")

wn.onkeypress(godown, "s")

wn.onkeypress(goleft, "a")

wn.onkeypress(goright, "d")

segments = []

# Main Gameplay

while True:

wn.update()

if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:

time.sleep(1)

head.goto(0, 0)

head.direction = "Stop"

colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])

shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])

 for segment in segments:

segment.goto(1000, 1000)

segments.clear()

score = 0

delay = 0.1

pen.clear()

pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(

score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))

if head.distance(food) < 20:

x = random.randint(-270, 270)

y = random.randint(-270, 270)

food.goto(x, y)

# Adding segment

new_segment = turtle.Turtle()

new_segment.speed(0)

new_segment.shape("square")

new_segment.color("orange") # tail colour

new_segment.penup()

segments.append(new_segment)

delay -= 0.001

score += 10

if score > high_score:

high_score = score

pen.clear()

pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(

score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))

# Checking for head collisions with body segments

for index in range(len(segments)-1, 0, -1):

x = segments[index-1].xcor()

y = segments[index-1].ycor()
 segments[index].goto(x, y)

if len(segments) > 0:

x = head.xcor()

y = head.ycor()

segments[0].goto(x, y)

move()

for segment in segments:

if segment.distance(head) < 20:

time.sleep(1)

head.goto(0, 0)

head.direction = "stop"

colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])

shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])

for segment in segments:

segment.goto(1000, 1000)

segments.clear()

score = 0

delay = 0.1

pen.clear()

pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(

score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))

time.sleep(delay)

wn.mainloop()

Output:

Demonstrating the final game displaying everything written in code

Code Explanation:

1. The code starts by creating a window screen.

2. The title of the window is “Snake Game”.
3. The background color of the window is blue.
4. Next, the code creates two turtle objects: head and food.
5. Head is used to control the snake, while food will be used as the game’s object.
6. The code first sets up head so that it looks like a square with white color and starts at (0, 0).
7. Next, it sets up food so that it looks like a square with blue color and places it at (10, 10).
8. Finally, head moves towards food using direction=”Stop”.
9. The code creates a window screen with the title “Snake Game” and sets the background
color to blue.
10. Next, a square head object is created and set to have the color white.
11. The pen up() method is called on the head object, which causes it to rise up from the bottom
of the screen.
12. Finally, the goTo() method is used to move the head object towards (0, 0) in the x-direction.
13. Next, two turtle objects are created – one for food and one for head.
14. The food object has a shape of “square” and will be placed at (0, 0) on the screen.
15. The head object has no shape specified and will be placed at (0, 0) in the y-direction
16. The code starts by creating a few variables to store information about the game.
17. The first is food, which stores information about the shapes and colors of the food that will
be displayed on the screen.
18. Next, the code creates a function called speed() that will control how quickly the food moves
across the screen.
19. Finally, the shape() and color() functions are used to create different types of food (square,
triangle, and circle) with corresponding colors and speeds.
20. The next section of code sets up an event handler for when the user clicks on one of the
buttons in the toolbar.
21. This handler calls a function called goto() that takes two arguments: position (in pixels) and
direction (which can be “up”, “down”, “left”, or “right”).
22. goTo() then uses these values to move the pen object to a specific location onscreen and set
its properties accordingly.
23. The last section of code displays some text onscreen and starts timing it using time().
24. Then it prints out a score value for each round played as well as high scores for both players
at once.
25. The code will create a turtle that will move at 0 speed and have a square shape.
26. The turtle will be white in color and will start at the top left corner of the screen.
27. Once the code has executed, it will output “Score : 0 High Score : 0” in center alignment.
28. The code starts by creating three variables: head, wn, and godown.
29. The head variable stores information about the player’s current position on the screen (xcor
and ycor), while wn is a listening object that will be used to track keyboard input.
30. Godown stores information about where the player should go next (if they are moving left or
right), and goleft and goright store key directions for moving up, down, or left/right
respectively.
31. The code then starts to loop through each of these variables in turn.
32. If any of them change (head.direction, wn.listen(), godown.direction), the code updates itself
accordingly and sets various properties on head such as its xcor and ycor coordinates, its
heading direction (up, down, left/right), as well as colors and shapes for each segment in the
game world according to what was just inputted by the user via keyboard presses.
33. Finally, there is a delay timer set to 0.1 seconds which allows time for one frame of
animation before starting over again with another round of gameplay; this is important
 because it ensures that everything looks smooth even when there are lots of objects moving
around on-screen at once!
34. The code assigns key directions to the turtle, listens for user input, updates the screen and
calculates the player’s score.
35. It also creates a new square segment if needed and moves it according to the key presses.
36. If the player is moving their turtle up or down, then head.direction will be set to “up” or
“down”, respectively.
37. If they are moving left or right, head.direction will be set to “left” or “right”.
38. The code also checks whether the player’s current position falls within a food zone and if not,
then the appropriate x and y coordinates are randomly generated and stored in food and
moved accordingly by calling Turtle().goto() with those values.