DATA REPRESENTATION
Data representation is defined as the process of converting data into a form that can be used
and processed by computers.
This involves encoding data into binary form which can be stored and manipulated by
programs.
ANALOGUE
Refers to a system that represents information using continuous signals.
A NIBBLE
Also known as half byte 0r 4bits
Is a group of 4 bits used to represent numbers or letters in a computer system?
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
A binary system is numbering scheme in which there are only 2 values for each digit.
That is 0 and 1.
We write numbers using digits 0 and 9. This is called base 10.
A positive integer can easily represented in binary by sequence of 0s and 1s.
So a number consist these 1s and 0s is in base 2 called binary numbers.
WHY WE USE BINERY NUMBER SYSTEM
The microprocessor makes use of transistors that basically identify voltage levels rather than
any value in decimal number system.
The voltage level is identified as high and low.
A voltage level high or ON will identified as 1 and a voltage level of low or off will be
identified as 0.
ABOUT BITS
A binary number can be broken down into their smallest
representation called bits.
The easiest way to understate bits is to think of them as digits like
we learned in first grade.
A digit is a single place that can hold numerical values between 0
and 9.
Digits are normally combined together in groups to create larger
numbers.
E.g. 6 357 has 4 digits, it is understood that in the numbers 6357:
The 7 is filling the “1s place”
The 5 is filling the “10s place”
The 3 is filling the “100s place”
The 6 is filling the “1 000 place”
BINERY ADDITION RULES
Binary addition is much like your normal everyday addition (decimal
addition).
Addition and subtraction of the binary number system are similar to
that of decimal systems number.
The difference is that the decimal number system consists the digit
from 0 – 9 and base 10 whereas THE BINERY NUMBER SYTEM
CONSITS ONLY TWO DIGITS 0s AND 1s that makes their operation
easier.
0 + 0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1+1=0 carry 1
EXAMPLE 1. ADDITION OF 1 0 AND 1 1. CALCULATE
10
+11
101
EXAMPLE 2. ADDING 11101 AND 11011=111000
EXAMPLE 3. ADDING 101 AND 111=1100
EXAMPLE4: ADDING 0010 AND 0111=1001
EXAMPLE 5: ADDING 100 AND 11 = 111
BINERY SUBTRACTION RULES
0 – 0 = 0, 1 – 0 = 1, 1 – 1 = 0, 10 – 1 = 1 0R (0 – 1) = 1
The above first there operations are easy to understand AS THEY
ARE IDENTICAL TO decimal subtraction.
The fourth operation can be understood with the logic two minus
one is one
EXAMPLE 1: 1100 SUB 1010 = 0010
EXAMPLE 2: 11111 – 1000 = 10 111
EXAMPLE 3: 1011000 – 111 000 = 100 000
EXAMPLE 4: 1 100 100 – 110 010 = 110 010
EXAPLE 5: 110 1111 – 101 1011 = 10 100
EXAMPLE 6: 10 1110 – 100 100 = 1010
EXAMPLE 7: 110 101 – 100010 = 10 011
CONVERTING BINARY (BASE 2) TO DENARY (BASE 10)
For the calculation of large binary numbers 1010 1000
we need more place values of multiples of 2.
27= 128 , 26= 64, 25= 32, 24= 16, 23= 8, 22= 4, 21= 2, 20= 1
Example 1: 1112 to base 10 = (1*22) + (1*21) + (1*20) = 7
CONVERTING DENARY (BASE 10) TO BINARY (BASE)
