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Interfacing Explained

The document explains interfacing techniques for microcontrollers and microprocessors, including LED and keyboard interfacing with the 8051 microcontroller, traffic light control with the 8086 microprocessor, and basic arithmetic operations in assembly language. It provides working principles, connection details, program flow, and example code for each interfacing method. Additionally, it covers finding the largest number in an array using 8086 assembly language.

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25 views4 pages

Interfacing Explained

The document explains interfacing techniques for microcontrollers and microprocessors, including LED and keyboard interfacing with the 8051 microcontroller, traffic light control with the 8086 microprocessor, and basic arithmetic operations in assembly language. It provides working principles, connection details, program flow, and example code for each interfacing method. Additionally, it covers finding the largest number in an array using 8086 assembly language.

Uploaded by

ssppace002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Interfacing Explained

1) LED Interfacing with 8051 Microcontroller


LED interfacing is a fundamental concept to understand how microcontrollers control
output devices. The 8051 microcontroller has parallel I/O ports used to connect LEDs.

Working Principle: Each pin of the 8051 can act as an output pin. When a logic low (0) is
sent to an LED connected through a current-limiting resistor to Vcc, the LED turns ON.
Sending logic high (1) turns it OFF.

Connection:
- Anode (+) of LED to Vcc via 330Ω resistor.
- Cathode (-) to a port pin (e.g., P1.0).
- To glow LED, set port bit to 0.

Program Flow:
1. Set port direction as output.
2. Send 0 to turn ON the LED.
3. Send 1 to turn OFF the LED.
4. Use delay for blinking.

Example Code:

#include<reg51.h>
sbit LED = P1^0;
void delay() {
int i, j;
for(i=0; i<1000; i++)
for(j=0; j<1275; j++);
}
void main() {
while(1) {
LED = 0;
delay();
LED = 1;
delay();
}
}
2) Keyboard Interfacing with 8051 Microcontroller
A 4x4 matrix keyboard is often used for input. Rows are connected to output pins and
columns to input pins.

Working:
1. Microcontroller sends 0 to one row.
2. It reads columns to detect keypress.
3. If a column reads 0, key is pressed.

Flow:
1. Initialize port.
2. Send 0 to each row and scan columns.
3. Detect pressed key.
4. Use delay for debounce.

Example Code:

#include <reg51.h>
void main() {
while(1) {
P1 = 0xFE; // Row 1 LOW
if(P1 != 0xFE) {
// Key Pressed
}
}
}

3) Traffic Light Interfacing with 8086 Microprocessor


Used to control RED, YELLOW, and GREEN LEDs. Implemented using timers and delays.

Control Logic:
1. GREEN ON (10s)
2. YELLOW ON (2s)
3. RED ON (10s)
4. Repeat

Interface: LEDs via decoder or output port (e.g., 8255 PPI).

Pseudocode:

MOV AL, 01H ; Green ON


OUT PORT, AL
CALL DELAY

MOV AL, 02H ; Yellow ON


OUT PORT, AL
CALL DELAY

MOV AL, 04H ; Red ON


OUT PORT, AL
CALL DELAY

4) Finding Largest Number in an Array (8086 Assembly)


Steps:
1. Load count in CX
2. Load first element in AL
3. Compare with other elements
4. Update AL if greater

Code:

MOV CX, 05H


LEA SI, ARRAY
MOV AL, [SI]
INC SI

LOOP1:
CMP AL, [SI]
JAE NEXT
MOV AL, [SI]

NEXT:
INC SI
LOOP LOOP1

AL contains the largest number.

5) Arithmetic in Microprocessor (8086)


Addition:
MOV AL, 05H
ADD AL, 03H ; AL = 08H
Subtraction:
MOV AL, 09H
SUB AL, 04H ; AL = 05H

Multiplication:
MOV AL, 02H
MOV BL, 03H
MUL BL ; AX = 06H

Division:
MOV AX, 0006H
MOV BL, 02H
DIV BL ; AL = 03H, AH = 0

Use AX for results in MUL and dividend in DIV.

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