Unit 1: What is Geography?
Geography is a science that deals with Earth’s surface.
People who study geography are called geographers.
Geographers are interested in Earth’s physical features, such
as mountains, deserts, rivers, and oceans. They are also
interested in the ways that people affect and are affected by
the natural world.
Geographers use a number of methods and tools in their
work. The simplest method is going out to a place to observe
and gather information. This is called fieldwork.
Geographers use photographs taken from the air to see
things that they cannot see from the ground. They also
depend on spacecraft called satellites to take photographs
and collect information from far above Earth. Geographers
use computers to help them make sense of the information
they receive.
The main tool used by geographers is the map. People who
make maps are called cartographers. Geographers use
maps to display the information they have gathered.
Topographic maps show natural land formations, such as
the huge landmasses called continents. Geographers also
use maps to show how people have divided the land.
Political maps show the boundaries of countries and other
divisions.