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CRITICAL THINKING
Dr. Saboohi Nasim, FMSR, AMU
Critical Thinking Syllabus
Unit-I: Introduction to Critical Thinking
• Thinking Critically: Definition, Benefits,
Standards, Barriers
• Perceiving and Believing
• Stages of Critical thinking
• Framework & Tools of Critical Thinking
• Tools for Clarity in Critical Thinking
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Perceiving
&
Believing
Why discuss Perceiving & Believing??
Are they related to Thinking/
Critical Thinking? HOW?
Agenda for discussion…
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❖Explore the way your perceiving process
operates
❖ How your perceptions leads to your
construction of your beliefs about the world
❖How both your perceptions and your beliefs
relate to your ability to think effectively
As a Critical Thinker…
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❖Become aware of the nature of one’s
own “lenses” (world view reflecting one’s
past experiences and unique personalities)
❖ Become aware of the “lenses” of the
others in order to understand why they
view things the way they do
What is Perceiving?
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The process of
becoming aware of your
world through your
senses is known as
perceiving
How does the world seems orderly and
understandable despite our senses
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being bombarded by tremendous
number of stimuli???
❖Your sense equipment can receive
sensations only within certain limited ranges
❖ you select only a small amount on which to
focus your attention
Exercise-1 (3 mins)
Concentrate on each of your five
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senses in turn and WRITE your
response to the following questions??
❖What can you see?
❖What can you hear?
❖What can you feel?
❖What can you smell?
❖What can you taste?
Perceiving….
❖The activity of using your senses to
experience and make sense of your
world is known as perceiving
❖It involves actively selecting,
organizing and interpreting sensations
The Process of Perceiving….
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Often you are unaware of these steps, as they are
performed very quickly and automatically
Examine the following collection of
markings. What do you see?
Examine the following figure.
What do you see?
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Examine the following figure.
What do you see?
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Examine the following figure.
Are these tables equal in size?
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Examine the following figure.
What do you see?
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In case of the previous patterns/
figures….
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Can there be differences in individual
perceptions to same stimuli??
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How does differences in individual
Perceptions develop??
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What factors shape Perceptions??
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Perceptions by themselves do not
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provide a reliable foundation for your
understanding of the world
Thinking critically about your
perceptions results in the
formation of your BELIEFS and
the construction of your
knowledge about the world
Consider the following statements and
answer YES, NO, or NOT SURE
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❖ Humans need to eat to stay alive
❖ Smoking Marijuana is a harmless good time
❖ Every human life is valuable
❖ People should care about other people, not
just about themselves
❖ Developing your mind is as important as
taking care of your body
Response to the statements reflects
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certain beliefs one has…..BELEIF??
Relationship between Perceiving
and Believing is
complex and interactive
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TYPES OF BELIEFS
TYPES OF BELIEFS….
❖Reporting Factual Information: Describing
the world in ways that can be verified
through investigation
❖Inferring: Going beyond the factual
information to make statements of what is
not currently known
❖Judging: Describing the world in ways that
express an evaluation based on certain
criteria
TYPES OF BELIEFS???
Examine the photograph; write 03
statements…one reporting, inferring and
judging.
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Watch the Video and write 03 statements…one each
each for
for reporting, inferring and judging the character of
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the main actor
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And Now some more FUN!
Perception based Judgements
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