Chapter 1 Linear System Design
PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN OF LEAD COMPENSATOR USING BODE PLOT
The following steps may be followed to design a lead compensator using bode
plot and to be connected in series with transfer function of uncompensated
system, G(s).
‘Step-1 : The open loop gain K of the given systems determined to satisfy the requirement
of the error constant.
Step-2 : The bode plot is drawn for the uncompensated system using the value of K,
determined from the previous step. [Refer Appendix-I for the procedure to sketch
bode plot].
Step-3: De phase margin of the uncompensated system is determined from the bode
plot.
‘Step-4 : Determine the amount of phase angle fo be contributed by the lead network by
using the formula given below, 3
Om=Ya-Yt€
where,
4m = Maximum phase lead angle of the lead compensator
‘yg = Desired phase margin
y= Phase margin of the uncompensated system
€ = Additional phase lead to compensate for shift in gain crossover frequency
Choose an initial choice of © as 5°
(Note : If, is more than 60° then realize the compensator as cascade of two lead
compensator with each compensator contributing half of the required ‘angle).
Step-5 : Determine the transfer function of lead compensator
sin bq
Caloulate o. using the equation, a
From the bode plot, determine the frequency at which the magnitude of Go)
is -20 log 1/ Jaq db. This frequency is o,,. if
i
Calculate T from the relation, @g=—7—
1 Wa Onva
_ sti _a(l+st)
sti; (1+0sT)
Transfer finetion of},
lead compensator CIAdvanced Control Theory
system.
Step-6 : Determine the open loop transfer function of compensated
The lag compensator is
connected in series with G(s) as
shown in fig 1.12. When the lead
network is inserted in series with
the plant, the open loop gain of Fig 1.12 : Block diagram of lead
the system is attenuated by the compensated system
factor o.(-;