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Define Electric Field and Electric Field Intensity. Concept of Electric Field

The document defines electric field as the region around a charge where other charged particles experience electrostatic force, and electric field intensity as the force experienced by a test charge divided by the charge itself. It derives the expression for the electric field due to a dipole at an equatorial point and provides mathematical problems related to electric fields, including calculations for electric field strength at various distances from point charges. The final expressions and solutions demonstrate the relationship between charge, distance, and electric field strength.

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21 views3 pages

Define Electric Field and Electric Field Intensity. Concept of Electric Field

The document defines electric field as the region around a charge where other charged particles experience electrostatic force, and electric field intensity as the force experienced by a test charge divided by the charge itself. It derives the expression for the electric field due to a dipole at an equatorial point and provides mathematical problems related to electric fields, including calculations for electric field strength at various distances from point charges. The final expressions and solutions demonstrate the relationship between charge, distance, and electric field strength.

Uploaded by

atikul658
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Field

1. Define electric field and electric field intensity.


Concept of Electric Field:
When a charge is kept in a medium it sets around it, what is called an electric field. It
can be represented by drawing what is called lines of force. If another charge is brought
into this region it experiences a force. Due to the field, the charge experiences the force
of attraction or repulsion.
The region around a charge or system of charges within which other charged particles experience
an electrostatic force is called an electric field.
Electric Field Intensity:
The electric field intensity is defined as the electric force F experienced by a small positive test
charge 𝑞0 placed at that point divided by the charge itself.
𝑭
𝑬=
𝑞0
2. Derive an expression for electric field due to a dipole at an equatorial point.
Suppose the equatorial point P is at a distance r from the
centre O of the dipole, as shown in figure. Hence,
The magnitude of electric field at P due to – 𝑞, 𝐸−𝑞 =
𝑞
and
4𝜋∈0 (𝑟 2 +𝑎 2 )

The magnitude of electric field at P due to +𝑞,


𝑞
𝐸+𝑞 =
4𝜋 ∈0 (𝑟 2 + 𝑎2 )
∴ 𝐸−𝑞 = 𝐸+𝑞
∴ Resultant magnitude of electric field at P due to the dipole is,

𝐸= 2 + 𝐸 2 + 2𝐸 𝐸
𝐸−𝑞 +𝑞 −𝑞 +𝑞 cos 2𝜃

Or, 𝐸 = 2 + 2𝐸 2 cos 2𝜃
2𝐸−𝑞 −𝑞

Or, 𝐸 = 2 (1 + cos 2𝜃) =


2𝐸−𝑞 2 × 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 =
2𝐸−𝑞 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 2𝐸
4𝐸−𝑞 −𝑞 cos 𝜃
𝑞 𝑎 2𝑎𝑞 𝑝
∴𝐸 =2× × 1 = 3 = 3
4𝜋∈0 (𝑟 2 +𝑎 2 )
𝑟 2 +𝑎 2 2 4𝜋∈0 𝑟 2 +𝑎 2 2 4𝜋∈0 𝑟 2 +𝑎 2 2

5
Electric Field

and points horizontally towards the left, in a direction opposite to 𝒑.


We can thus express the above equation,
2𝑎𝑞 𝑷
𝑬=− 3 𝒑=− 3
4𝜋 ∈0 𝑟 2 + 𝑎2 2 4𝜋 ∈0 𝑟 2 + 𝑎2 2

For a short dipole, 𝑎 ≪ 𝑟, and hence we can write,


𝑷
𝑬=− 3
4𝜋 ∈0 𝑟 2 2

𝑷
∴𝑬=−
4𝜋∈0 𝑟 3

This is the expression for electric field due to a dipole at an equatorial point.

6
Electric Field

Mathematical Problems
01. Find the magnitude of the electric field at a distance of 0.02 m from a proton.
Solution:
We know, Given,
1 𝑞 9
1.6 × 10−19 𝑞 = 1.6 × 10−19 C
𝐸= = 9 × 10 ×
4𝜋 ∈0 𝑟 2 0.02 2 𝑟 = 0.02 m
∴ 𝐸 = 3.6 × 10−6 N/C [Ans.] 𝐸 =?
02. An electric field with a magnitude of 220 N/C exists at a spot that is 0.25 m away
from a point charge. At a place that is 0.40 m away from this charge, what is the
electric field strength?
Solution:
We know, Given,
1 𝑞 1 𝑞
𝐸1 = and 𝐸2 = 𝐸1 = 220 N/C
4𝜋∈0 𝑟1 2 4𝜋∈0 𝑟2 2
𝑟1 = 0.25 m
Then,
1 𝑞 𝑟2 = 0.40 m
𝐸1 4𝜋 ∈0 𝑟1 2 𝑟2 2 𝐸2 =?
= = 2
𝐸2 1 𝑞 𝑟1
4𝜋 ∈0 𝑟2 2
𝐸1 𝑟1 2 220×(0.25)2
Or, 𝐸2 = = = 85.94 N/C [Ans.]
𝑟2 2 (0.40)2

03. A 2 µC point charge is placed in an external uniform electric field of 2500 N/C. At
what distance from the charge is the net electric field zero?
Solution:
We know, Given,
1 𝑞 𝑞 = 2 µC = 2 × 10−6 C
𝐸=
4𝜋 ∈0 𝑟 2
𝐸 = 2500 N/C
1 𝑞 2×10 −6
Or, 𝑟 = = 9 × 109 × 𝑟 =?
4𝜋∈0 𝐸 2500

∴ 𝑟 = 2.68 m [Ans.]

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