HEARTY JANE J.
BERONILLA
CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENT
EXPIREMENT NO. 2
“Exploring Bernoulli's Principle and the Venturi Effect: Demonstrating the Relationship Between
Velocity and Pressure in a Venturi Tube”
OBJECTIVE:
The experimentation aims to understand Bernoulli's principle by demonstrating the venturi effect
of the airflow inside a tube. Specifically, the experimentation seeks to the following:
1. To understand the application of Bernoulli's principle in a venturi tube.
2. To verify Bernoulli's principle by determining differences in pressure and velocities in various sections
of a venturi tube.
3. Demonstrate the venturi effect to illustrate the relationship between the airflow velocity and pressure.
4. To gain a better understanding of how the venturi effect can be applied to real-world scenarios
OUTCOME:
Upon the completion of the experimentation, the student will be able to realize how Bernoulli's
principle was applied in the venturi tube. The experimentation will enable the students to explain the
relationship between velocity and pressure. This will help the students to understand the venturi effect
and Bernoulli's principle when it comes to its application to real-world scenarios.
SCOPE:
The scope of this experiment involves creativity and innovation in creating a prototype of a
venturi tube, which is made with the use of recyclable materials such as plastic bottles and plastic tubes.
The experiment also involves precise determination of the velocities at the selected points in the venturi
tube, employing accurate calculations to compare how fast the air flows at these points. However, due to
the lack of methods for quantifying the pressure in these points, the experiment will be limited to the
qualitative observation of the pressure. To determine the pressure, balloons will be utilized and observe
its behavior when the venturi tube is subjected to airflow, whether the balloon inflates or deflates.
Moreover, the experiment involves the comparison of the velocity and the pressure of air inside the
balloon at the selected points in the venturi tube to illustrate the relationship between the velocity and
pressure.
APPARATUS/APPURTENANCES:
1. Plastic Bottle: Typically with a smaller and larger diameter, serve as a body
2. Balloons: Used to properly demonstrate the difference in air pressure, atleast 12-inch round diameter
3. Hair Dryer or Blower: Used to discharge an airflow to the venturi tube
4. Straw : With a diameter of 5-7 millimeters, used in determining the air pressure
5. Rubber Bands: To seal connections, maintain airflow, and stabilize components
6. Glue Gun: Used for attaching components of the venturi tube
7. Soldering Iron: Use to poke or puncture holes in the bottle
8. Ruler: Used to measure the diameters of the particular cross-sectional area of the bottle
PROCEDURES:
Step 1: Preparing the Plastic Bottle:
Take a plastic bottle and a pair of scissors.
Use the scissors to carefully cut the bottom surface of the plastic bottle.
Make sure to leave a smooth edge upon cutting.
Step 2: Creating Holes in the Bottle:
Using a soldering iron, carefully puncture a small hole in the body of the plastic bottle.
Ensure the holes are evenly spaced as needed for the experiment.
Step 3: Attaching a Straw to the Hole of the Plastic Bottle:
Apply a generous amount of glue to one end of the straw.
Press the glue-covered end of the straw against the hole of the bottle.
Hold the straw in place until the glue cools and sets.
Step 4: Attaching a Balloon to the Straw Using a Rubber Band:
Stretch the neck of the balloon over the free end of the straw.
Secure the balloon to the straw using a rubber band, it is also to prevent the airflow from escaping from
the balloon.
Step 5: Repeating the Procedure for the Second Bottle:
Prepare the other bottle and use the scissors to carefully cut the bottom surface of the plastic bottle while
ensuring to leave a smooth edge.
Repeat steps 2 to 4 to the other bottle.
Step 6: Attaching the Smaller Bottle and the Larger Bottle Together:
Apply an ample amount of hot glue to the top of the smaller opening of each bottle.
Attach the glue-covered opening of the bottles together, then hold the bottles in place until the glue cools
and sets.
Step 7: Using a Blower to Produce Airflow in the Bottles:
Use the blower to blow air into the bottle through the exit.
Observe the behavior of the balloons due to the airflow
Step 8: Observation and Records to the Air Pressure Inside the Balloon:
Notice that the balloons connected to the straw inflated or deflated due to air being redirected,
demonstrating how airflow can be guided to specific pathways.
Observe and compare the balloons — notice that the balloons are different in terms of how inflated or
deflated the balloons are, thus indicating that there is a difference in the air pressure.
Step 9: Formulas and Calculations to the velocities:
Measure the diameter of each of the bottle along with the selected points.
Determine velocity of the air at the selected points on the venturi tube by using Continuity Formula:
Q = AV
Where A is the cross-sectional area and V is the velocity of the air
DOCUMENTATION OF PROCEDURES: (Note: Describe the image in the documentation)
OBSERVATIONS:
RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS:
Point Discharge of Diameter Cross-Sectional Velocity of
Airflow of the (cm) Area (m 2 ) the Air (m/s)
Blower (Liters/s)
1 6.40 0.003217 6.53
21.00
2 4.00 0.001257 16.71
Table 1: Determined the Velocity of the Air at the Selected Points in the Venturi Tube
Point Velocity of Observation to the Observation to the
the Air behavior of the Pressure inside the
(m/s) Balloons Balloon
1 6.53 Inflated Increased
2 16.71 Deflated Decreased
Table 2: Observed the Air Pressure at the Balloons
