Test Name: MATRICES-SET C Subjects: Mathematics and Statistics
Marks: 20 Standard: XII Science English Maharashtra State
Board
Duration: 1 HR
SECTION A
1. Select and write the correct answer for the following multiple choice type of questions: 4
i.
If A = , then co-factor A32 is
(A) –2 (B) –8
(C) 4 (D) 2
Ans: A32 = (–1)3+2.M32 = (–1)5 =2
ii.
If A = , then A–1 is equal to
(A) A2 + A – 2I (B) A2 + 2A – 4I
(C) A2 – A – 3I (D) A2 + A + 2I
Ans: A =
|A| = 1 ≠ 0
adj A = =
∴ A–1 =
A2 – A – 3I
= – –
=
2. Answer the following questions: 2
i. Apply the given elementary transformation on the given matrix:
B= , R1 → R1 – R2.
B=
Applying R1 → R1 – R2, we get
B~
ii. Check whether the following matrix is invertible or not:
Let A =
Then, |A| =
= cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1 ≠ 0
∴ A is a non-singular matrix.
∴ A is invertible.
SECTION B
Attempt any TWO of the following questions: 4
3.
Find AB, if A = and B = . Examine whether AB has inverse or not.
AB =
= =
∴ |AB| = = 6 – 12 = – 6 ≠ 0
Since AB is a non-singular matrix, AB is invertible.
4. Find the adjoint of the following matrix:
Let A =
Here,
a11 = 2
∴ M11 = 5 and A11 = (–1)1 + 1 (5) = 5
a12 = –3
∴ M12 = 3 and A12 = (–1)1 + 2 (3) = –3
a21 = 3
∴ M21 = –3 and A21 = (–1)2 + 1 (–3) = 3
a22 = 5
∴ M22 = 2 and A22 = (–1)2 + 2 (2) = 2
∴ The matrix of the co-factors is
= =
Now, adj A = =
5. Find the inverse of the given matrix (if exist).
Let A =
∴ |A| = = –21 + 20 = –1 ≠ 0
∴ A–1 exists.
Consider AA–1 = I
∴ A–1 =
Applying R1 → R1 – R2, we get
A–1 =
Applying R2 → R2 – 2R1, we get
A–1 =
Applying R2 → (–1) R2, we get
A–1 =
Applying R1 → R1 + 3R2, we get
A–1 =
∴ A–1 =
SECTION C
Attempt any TWO of the following questions: 6
6. Solve the given equation by inversion method.
x + y = 4, 2x – y = 5
Matrix form of the given system of equations is
This is of the form AX = B,
where A = ,X= and B =
To determine X, we have to find A–1.
|A| = = –1 – 2 = –3 ≠ 0
∴ A–1 exists.
Consider AA–1 = I
∴ A–1 =
Applying R2 → R2 – 2R1, we get
A–1 =
Applying R2 → we get
A–1 =
Applying R1 → R1 – R2, we get
A–1 =
∴ A–1 =
Pre-multiplying AX = B by A–1, we get
A–1(AX) = A–1 B
∴ (A–1A)X = A–1 B
∴ IX = A–1 B
∴ X = A–1 B
∴ X=
∴ = = =
∴ By equality of matrices, we get
x = 3, y = 1
7. Solve the given equation by reduction method.
x + 3y = 2, 3x + 5y = 4
Matrix form of the given system of equations is
This is of the form AX = B,
where A = ,X= and B =
Applying R2 → R2 – 3R1, we get
Hence, the original matrix A is reduced to an upper triangular matrix.
∴ By equality of matrices, we get
x + 3y = 2 ...(i)
– 4y = –2 ...(ii)
From equation (ii), y =
Substituting y = in equation (i), we get
x+ =2
∴ x=2– =
∴ x= and y = is the required solution.
8. Solve the given equation by inversion method.
x + 2y = 2, 2x + 3y = 3
Matrix form of the given system of equations is
This is of the form AX = B,
where A = ,X= and B =
To determine X, we have to find A–1.
|A| = = 3 – 4 = –1 ≠ 0
∴ A–1 exists.
Consider AA–1 = I
∴ A–1 =
Applying R2 → R2 – 2R1, we get
A–1 =
Applying R2 → (–1)R2, we get
A–1 =
Applying R1 → R1 – 2R2, we get
A–1 =
∴ A–1 =
Pre-multiplying AX = B by A–1, we get
A–1(AX) = A–1 B
∴ (A–1A)X = A–1 B
∴ IX = A–1 B
∴ X = A–1 B
∴ X=
∴ = =
∴ By equality of matrices, we get
x = 0 and y = 1
SECTION D
Attempt any ONE of the following questions: 4
9.
Find the inverse of A = by elementary column transformation.
As A–1 is required by column transformations therefore we have to consider A–1 A = I and have to perform
column transformations on A.
Consider
A–1 A = I
∴ A–1 =
Using C2 → C2 – 3C1 and C3 → C3 – 3C1
∴ A–1 =
Use C1 → C1 – C2
∴ A–1 =
Use C1 → C1 – C3
∴ A–1 =
∴ A–1I =
∴ A–1 =
10. Express the given equation in matrix form and solve by the method of reduction.
x + 3y + 2z = 6, 3x – 2y + 5z = 5 and 2x – 3y + 6z = 7
Matrix form of the given system of equations is
This is of the form AX = B,
where A = ,X= and B =
Applying R2 → R2 – 3R1 and R3 → R3 – 2R1 we get
Applying R3 → 11R3 – 9R2, we get
Hence, the original matrix A is reduced to an upper triangular matrix.
∴ =
∴ By equality of matrices, we get
x + 3y + 2z = 6 ...(i)
–11y – z = –13 ...(ii)
31z = 62 ...(iii)
i.e., z = 2
Substituting z = 2 in equation (ii), we get
–11y – 2 = –13
∴ y=1
Substituting y = 1 and z = 2 in equation (i), we get
x + 3(1) + 2(2) = 6
∴ x=–1
∴ x = –1, y = 1 and z = 2 is the required solution.
