American Journal of Pedagogical and Educational Research

ISSN (E): 2832-9791| Volume 25, | June - 2024

LANGUAGE AND MEMORY IN PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

ABSTRACT KEYWORDS
The article explores language and memory psycholinguistically. Experiment, psychological
The strengths or weaknesses of memory in humans have been experiment, perception, psyche,
studied as 4 types. memory, language, verbal
memory, schematization.

Introduction
Experimental psychology began to emerge in the middle of the XIX century on the basis of widely
developed physiological laboratories. In those times, the simplest psychic functions were studied in
these laboratories-such as intuition, perception, reaction time. Such research provided an opportunity
for the emergence of Experimental Psychology as a science, different from philosophy and
physiology. One of the traditional techniques of Experimental Psychology is the experiment with the
effect, which is postponed from time to time. For example, a test taker sees a certain reward that an
experiment is sitting on - often food-hiding, after which a certain amount of time must pass to achieve
that reward. The task is then performed in a lucky way, can be distinguished by different parameters.
The maximum level of stay for certain animals is only a few seconds. For a person, however, it can
be long enough to stop. (if either or other types of writing are applied can overtake the length of the
memory of a person who lives without stopping, for example, when the treasure is searched through
some old card or other recorded item).
It became clear that children who were trained to verbally express the different alternatives in which
the experiment was applied were able to regain the definition of the word even after it was stopped,
and thus maintain a certain part of the effects even during a long period and when the situation changed
to different degrees. This means that the child will be able to find a way out of his temporary self with
the help of a verbal tool. Similar studies have been carried out in the United States and the Soviet
Union in large numbers. The conclusion of these studies is that a person is able to express a certain
word in a rule, which he applies to control his behavior in certain types of psychological experiments,
and, perhaps, in suitable real-life situations. Experiments that are solved by a person on a task are very
different from experiments with similar animals, since in the first case, verbal thinking lies as a means
of solving the task.
In part, this is because the solution can be easily stored in memory in oral form. But there is another
important information about the role of verbal representation (existence) in memory. This means that

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 American Journal of Pedagogical and Educational Research
Volume 25 June - 2024

the reason for the “violation”of the plural that we keep in mind is to keep it in a verbal (verbal) form,
for which reason the word cannot be clearly reflected in the “conclusion”.
Verbal memory is a specific process. Memorizing visual aspects of this stimulus is prominent in
experiments on shape or color studies, for example. Similar experiments have shown that visual
images in memory can also be distorted to fit their verbal definition. Considered a leader in the field,
the study was carried out in 1932 by Carmichael, Cogan, and Voltaire. In these experiments, testers
were presented with a bunch of 12 pictures. Each could be represented differently; for example, 0-0
could be perceived as glasses or gaitel. The testers were told in the head that they were shown 12
pictures, and then that they should be expressed as accurately as possible. Each image shown is named,
for example, the image given above was described as “spectacles” in one case, and- “dumbbells” in
others, resulting in testers observing instances of images being expressed in accordance with their
verbal definition. In particular, the picture is expressed in the first group of testers in a 0-0 way, and
the second group – in a 0-0 way. It seems that when performing a task like this, it is easier for testers
to store 12 images in memory, memorize a 12-word definition, and release their images through this
definition.
Even keeping the real events that have taken place in mind will certainly make conditional characters
undergo changes related to the verbal form. This situation is especially evident in the example of
voiced sentences, where over time, under the influence of stereotins, the memorization of events in
verbal form also changes. Everyone has their own memory characteristics. This difference in memory
is expressed in its strength. While memory is strong in someone, it is weak in someone else.
We determine whether the memory will be strong or weak, depending on the speed level of memory
and forgetting. Remembering quickly and forgetting too slowly is a sign of strong memory, while
remembering slowly and forgetting quickly is a sign of weak memory. Depending on this, the memory
in people is divided into four types:

Remembering Forgetting

fast slow
slow slow

fast fast

slow fast

Memory can also be classified into types such as seeing again, hearing, movement. But pure memory
is less common and more mixed memory (such as vision-motion, vision-hearing, motion-hearing) is
more common. What changes occur with the events and events that are kept in memory? First,
equalization (leveling); most events are out of memory, the event becomes concise and schematic. At
this time, clarification (Sharpeneng) takes place: some details are of particular importance and always
go back. And, finally, is assimilated in accordance with a certain scheme. To a certain extent, we keep
events in mind in the way we need them, what we leave in memory often changes in a way that is
inherent in our desires or misconceptions, and thus ends up being right or appropriate for us.

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The state of schematization of the memorized is given by J.In his famous paper “magic (magic)
number seven plus or minus two”, dedicated to the memory problem, Miller named perekodiravanie
(conditional designation anew). In this paper, Miller concludes that a person can store in his immediate
memory a “well” of Information greater than 7+2. In particular, a list of seven random words can more
easily memorize seven random letters, but seven words contain more letters than a list of seven letters.
One of the styles of “well” in memory is to make a long impression perekodirovanie in a small
descriptive form. It is possible that other details can be restored, both by a word and by a brief oral
definition, which is later stored in memory.
What does such schematization in memory need? If you wanted to remember what happened yesterday
and there was no such schematization in your memory, it would be necessary to restore anew in your
memory at the speed at which you lived. It seems that in this case you will not achieve anything. To
remember yesterday, you will lose another day. It is clear from this that we must shorten what we
remember until we reach the necessary conclusion. It is not yet known to us in what way a reduction
like this goes. Interesting notes from the point of view of Neurology are found in the work of Penfield
and Roberts.

REFERENCES
1. Ахманова О.С. “Психолингвистика ҳақида”. М., 1957.
2. Худайберганова Г. “Экспериментал психология” Нукус 2012.
3. Шахнарович А. М., Юрьева Н. М. “Психолингвистический анализ семантики и
грамматики”. М.,1991.

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