PAM 410/420

Phase Angle Meter / Multi Function Meter

PAM410 and 420

Phase angle meter and Multi function meter

User guide

Art No. ZP-BP02E Doc. BP0123EE V05 2023

PAM 410/420

Phase Angle Meter / Multi Function Meter

User guide

NOTICE OF COPYrIGHT & PrOPrIETArY rIGHTS

© 2013-2023, Megger Sweden AB. All rights reserved.
The contents of this manual are the property of Megger Sweden AB. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, except as permitted in written license agreement with Megger Sweden AB. Megger Sweden AB has made every reasonable
attempt to ensure the completeness and accuracy of this document. However, the information contained in this manual is subject to change
without notice, and does not represent a commitment on the part of Megger Sweden AB. Any attached hardware schematics and technical
descriptions, or software listings that disclose source code, are for informational purposes only. reproduction in whole or in part to create
working hardware or software for other than Megger Sweden AB products is strictly prohibited, except as permitted by written license
agreement with Megger Sweden AB.
TrADEMArK NOTICES
Megger® and Programma® are trademarks registered in the U.S. and other countries. All other brand and product names mentioned in this
document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Megger Sweden AB is certified according to ISO 9001 and 14001.

Postal address: Visiting address:

Megger Sweden AB Megger Sweden AB
Box 724 rinkebyvägen 19
SE-182 17 DANDErYD SE-182 36 DANDErYD
SWEDEN SWEDEN

T +46 8 510 195 00 www.megger.com

E seinfo@megger.com

BP0123EE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 3



Contents 7 Calibration
............................................................ 15
1 General 7.1 Standard calibration....................................15
.............................................................. 6 Equipment needed..................................................... 15
Calibration procedure................................................ 15
1.1 Description...................................................6
1.2 Mains and power................................................... 6 7.2 Check procedure after calibration...............16
Mains adapter.............................................................. 6 Voltage...................................................................... 16
Battery charging........................................................... 6 Current...................................................................... 16
Battery inside............................................................... 6 Phase angle................................................................ 16

2 Safety 7.3 Timer..........................................................16

.............................................................. 7 8 Specifications
2.1 Safety instructions.........................................7 ............................................................ 17
2.2 Symbols on the instrument...........................7 8.1 SPECIFICATIONS PAM420...........................17
3 Panels
.............................................................. 8
3.1 Instrument panels.........................................8
Front panel.................................................................. 8
Top panel..................................................................... 8
4 Phase angle measurements
.............................................................. 9
4.1 General application.......................................9
4.2 Phase angle between voltages N-L1 and N-L2.
9
4.3 Phase angle between voltages N-L1 and
L3-L2........................................................10
4.4 Phase angle between voltages N-L1 and
L2-L3........................................................10
4.5 Phase angle between voltages L1-N and
L3-L2........................................................11
4.6 Phase angle between voltage N-L1 (U1) and
current L1 (I2)...........................................11
4.7 Secondary testing of relay protection systems
12
4.8 Directional testing of relay protection systems.
12
5 Timing (PAM420)
............................................................ 13
5.1 Activating using voltage sense....................13
Detect voltage presence............................................. 13
Detect voltage absence.............................................. 13
5.2 Activating using contact sense....................13
Closing contact.......................................................... 13
Open contact............................................................. 13
6 Voltage current and
frequency (PAM420).......................... 14
Voltage...................................................................... 14
Current...................................................................... 14
Voltage – Current....................................................... 14

4 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123EE

 

BP0123EE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 5

1 General

1 General

1.1 Description Battery symbol on display

PAM410 and 420 are specifically designed for Battery OK
measurements on electrical power systems. The phase
angle is calculated from the relationship between two
power signals, either two currents or two voltages, or any Battery need charging
combination. Current signals up to 25 amps and voltage Blinking
signals up to 500 volts can be applied directly to the
LED on Instrument (ON/OFF button)
instrument. The current input range can be extended with
the use of external current transformers. Charging blinking green
The PAM420 has more functions. In addition to phase angle Fully charged fixed green light
it is capable of displaying: voltage, current, frequency and
timing. Note The Instrument cannot be turned off while
charging.
PAM410 PAM420
Phase Angle X X
Important
Current X
Old / worn out batteries should not be
Voltage X
thrown away, they must be returned to
Frequency X
the supplier or to a recipient for recycling
Timer X of battery products.
Chargeble batteries X X Illegal disposal can be harmful to human
health and the environment.
1.2 Mains and power

Mains adapter Battery inside

Model Skynet Electronic SNP-A02C This product is not intrinsically safe. Do not use in an
explosive atmosphere
Input 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz
Output 9 V DC, 1.8 A This instrument contains a lithium battery.

Battery power Do not pierce, damage, disassemble or modify the

battery.
Auto off
The battery contains safety and protection devices,
The instrument display backlighter is automatically which if tampered with may cause the battery to gen-
turned off if not operated within 10 minutes (battery erate heat, rupture or ignite.
operated).
If the battery is suspected to be faulty – do not ship it,
Auto off in TIMER mode – PAM420 only either separately or inside an instrument.
You can chose if the instrument shall turn off auto- The instrument must be powered off and securely
matic or not. packaged before shipping.
1] Press the MODE button for > 2 sec and select Do not heat or dispose of the battery in a fire.
the status for Auto off by toggling Yes / No.
Do not subject the battery to strong impact, mechani-
cal shock or excessive heat.
Battery charging
Do not short-circuit or reverse the polarity of the bat-
Use only the supplied mains adapter for charging.
tery.
Charging time is approximately 4 hours.

6 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123EE

 2 Safety

2 Safety

2.1 Safety instructions 2.2 Symbols on the

instrument
Important
Caution, refer to accompanying docu-
ments.
Read the manual and comply with the following
instructions before using the instrument.
WEEE, Waste Electrical and Electronic
Always comply with local safety regulations.
Equipment. Please utilize your local
WEEE collection facilities in the dispo-
Warning sition of this product and otherwise
observe all applicable requirements.
Do not attempt to service the instrument yourself.
Opening or removing covers may expose you to dan- The unit can also be returned to Meg-
gerous voltage. If you attempt to service the instru- ger at any time at no charge for the
ment yourself the warranty is no longer valid. disposal.
Double insulated, does not require a
Do not use any accessories that are not intended for
safety connection to electrical earth
use together with the instrument.
(ground).
If an external current transformer, e.g. current clamp,
is used together with the instrument, make sure not
to exceed max current (25 A) on the current inputs.
If the fuse blows, the open circuit will allow volt-
age on the current transformer’s secondary side to
increase to dangerous levels.
Voltage inputs are to be considered as CAT I if only
one test lead is connected to the instrument voltage
input and to a hazardous voltage.

Important
Always turn the equipment off before connecting.
Always use manufacturer approved and supplied
cable sets.
Do not expose the instrument to rain or moisture.
Use a damp cloth for cleaning. Do not use liquid
cleaners or aerosol cleaners.
Refer all servicing, including the exchange of fuses,
to Megger authorized personnel.
If you need to return the instrument, please use
either the original crate or one of equivalent strength
This equipment contains lithium batteries. Please
follow current legislation for restrictions during ship-
ment.”

BP0123EE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 7

3 Panels

3 Panels

3.1 Instrument panels 6 Start inputs

7 Stop inputs
Front panel 8 Button for section of measurement mode:
Timer / Phase Angle Meter, I ,U and f - Meter
Note The numbers 1 to 8 are for PAM420 only
(analog measurements)
1 Button for selecting timer START condition:
Detect voltage presence / Detect voltage 9 Phase angle input for voltage (U1)
absence or 10 Phase angle input for voltage (U2)
Closing contact / Open contact
11 Button for selection of criteria for phase
2 Button for selecting timer START condition: angle measurement
Voltage / Contact
12 Phase angle input for current (I1)
3 Button for resetting of timer
13 Phase angle input for current (I2)
4 Button for selecting timer STOP condition:
14 Button for switching instrument On/Off
Detect voltage presence / Detect voltage
absence or
Closing contact / Open contact Top panel
5 Button for selecting timer STOP condition: 15 Input for battery charger
Voltage / Contact

1 2 3 4 5

15

6 7

9 10
11

12 13

14

Pam410 panel

8 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123EE

 4 Phase angle measurements

4 Phase angle measurements

4.1 General application 4.2 Phase angle between

Important
voltages N-L1 and N-L2
Read the manual and comply with 1] Connect as follows:
the Safety instructions before using U1 U2
PAM410/420. L1 to input U1 (red) L2 to input U2 (red)
Always comply with local safety regula- N to input U1 (black) N to input U2 (black)
tions.
2] Repeatedly press the SELECT button until the
U1 and U2 LEDs are lit.
The instrument is constructed with two equal meas-
uring channels, where each channel can be used for L1
either current or voltage measuring. Phase angles can L2
also be measured between two voltages, between L3
two currents or between current and voltage. N
The phase angle is measured between U1 and U2.
These channels are galvanic separated.
Current and voltage input on the same channel for
example I1 and U1 are not to be connected at the
same time.
The measuring magnitude on channel 2 is shown
angular always after channel 1

3] Read the result on the display

Example: The displayed phase angle value is
120°.

The instrument shows 120° where U2 is after U1 in phase.

BP0123EE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 9

4 Phase angle measurements

4.3 Phase angle between 4.4 Phase angle between

voltages N-L1 and L3-L2 voltages N-L1 and L2-L3
1] Connect as follows: 1] Connect as follows:
U1 U2 U1 U2
L1 to input U1 (red) L2 to input U2 (red) L1 to input U1 (red) L3 to input U2 (red)
N to input U1 (black) L3 to input U2 (black) N to input U1 (black) L2 to input U2 (black)

2] Repeatedly press the SELECT button until the 2] Repeatedly press the SELECT button until the
U1 and U2 LEDs are lit. U1 and U2 LEDs are lit.

L1 L1
L2 L2
L3 L3
N N

3] Read the result on the display 3] Read the result on the display
Example: The displayed phase angle value is Example: The displayed phase angle value is
90°. 270°.

The instrument shows 90° where U2 is after U1 in phase.

The instrument shows 270° where U2 is after U1 in phase.

10 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123EE

 4 Phase angle measurements

4.5 Phase angle between 4.6 Phase angle between

voltages L1-N and L3-L2 voltage N-L1 (U1) and
1] Connect as follows: current L1 (I2)
U1 U2 1] Connect as follows:
L1 to input U1 (black) L2 to input U2 (red)
N to input U1 (red) L3 to input U2 (black) U1 I2
L1 to input U1 (red) L1 to input I2 (red)
2] Repeatedly press the SELECT button until the N to input U1 (black) L1 (motor) to input I2 (black)
U1 and U2 LEDs are lit.
2] Repeatedly press the SELECT button until the
L1 U1 and U2 LEDs are lit.
L2
L1
L3 L2
N L3 M
N

3] Read the result on the display 3] Read the result on the display.
Example: The displayed phase angle value is
Motor current 0.35 A
270°.

The instrument shows about 30 – 50° depending on the

load of the motor where I2 is after U1 in phase.

The instrument shows 270° where U2 is after U1 in phase.

BP0123EE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 11

4 Phase angle measurements

4.7 Secondary testing of 4.8 Directional testing of

relay protection systems relay protection systems
At secondary testing of a relay protection to verify After installing the object, control the connections
that the protection gives tripping in between given between test cut and measuring transformers through
angle range can be done by using the phase angle directional testing with the help of the phase angle
meter. Relay protection and connections to testing meter. Connect the instrument with the same connec-
device are controlled thereby. tion as at the secondary test. With knowledge about
actual power direction, it can be determined whether
the protection is correct connected.

Secondary testing

12 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123EE

 5 Timing (PAM420)

5 Timing (PAM420)

5.1 Activating using 5.2 Activating using

voltage sense contact sense
Detect voltage presence Closing contact

Detect voltage absence Open contact

Any combination of start and stop can be selected.

The reset button sets the time to zero, and enables a
new start.

Example
If you want to measure the operation time for a 24 V
DC contactor with 110 V DC over a closing contact
under load.
1] Set the START buttons as “Detect voltage
presence”.
2] Connect the start leads across the contactor
coil (regardless of polarity).
3] Set the STOP buttons as “Detect voltage
presence”.
4] Connect the stop leads across the load
(regardless of polarity). If it is desired to
measure directly at the contact, set the stop
buttons as “Detect voltage absence”.

BP0123EE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 13

6 Voltage current and frequency (PAM420)

6 Voltage current and

frequency (PAM420)
Voltage Two currents – Measuring inputs I1+I2
1] Press SELECT button to activate the correct
inputs.

One voltage – Measuring input U1

Voltage – Current
Measuring inputs I1+U2
1] Press SELECT button to activate the correct
inputs.

Two voltages – Measuring inputs U1+U2

Current Measuring inputs U1+I2

1] Press SELECT button to activate the correct 1] Press SELECT button to activate the correct
inputs. inputs.

One current – Measuring input I1

14 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123EE

 7 Calibration

7 Calibration

7.1 Standard calibration Calibration:

U1: 1.000 up
Equipment needed
▪ Accurate DMM, e.g. bench multi meter e.g. Agilent
34401A or Fluke 8845
499.2
▪ Synthesized voltage and current source VSNS1: xxx VSNS2: XXX
Charging
• Preferred 0-500 V AC, 0-25 A AC
• Acceptable 0-300 V AC, 0-15 A AC
4] Press SELECT to adjust “down” or press and
hold SELECT for a few seconds to change to
Calibration procedure “up”.
1] Press ON.
5] Then press SELECT to increase the voltage
2] When LED’s go on, press and hold ON + SE- reading.
LECT during the entire startup process (about
5 seconds)
6] Press ON to toggle between U1 and U2.
The calibration menu will be shown, see 7] Repeat the same process for U2.
figure below.
Current
Menu Calibration factor Adjusting down/up
1] Press ON once for I2.
Calibration: 2] Connect the current source to I2 and set cur-
rent to 25.0 A
U1: 1.000 down
Calibration:

I2: 1.000 down

0.0 24.9
VSNS1: xxx VSNS2: XXX VSNS1: xxx VSNS2: XXX
Done
Charging

3] Press SELECT to adjust “down” or press and

Channel being calibrated Measured value hold SELECT for a few seconds to change to
“up”.
Voltage
4] Then press SELECT to increase the current
1] Connect the voltage source to U1. reading.
2] Set voltage to 500.0 V, measure with DMM. 5] Press ON to toggle between I1 and I2
3] Adjust the voltage in the display to 500.0 V. 6] To save calibration data, press ON for 3 sec-
onds
7] The instrument will now make an automatic
startup.

BP0123EE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 15

7 Calibration

7.2 Check procedure after 7.3 Timer

calibration The timer functionality cannot be calibrated, only
tested if within specifications. As the timer is using the
same internal clock as the frequency measurement,
Voltage it is suggested that the timer will show the correct
1] Connect U1 to the voltage source time as long as the frequency measurement is within
2] Set voltage to 500.0 V and 50.00 Hz specifications.

3] Compare instrument reading with DMM 1] To check the timer; use another timer with
reading (max deviation 0.5 V). an accuracy better than 0.02% +/- one digit.

4] Set voltage to 50.0 V and compare (max de-

viation 0.2 V)
5] Repeat the procedure with U2

Note The frequency cannot be adjusted but max

allowed deviation is 0.05 Hz

Current
1] Connect I1 to the current source
2] Set current to 25.0 A
3] Compare instrument reading with DMM
reading (max deviation 0.1 A).
4] Set voltage to 5.0 A and compare (max devia-
tion 0.1 A)
5] Repeat the procedure with I2

Phase angle
1] Connect U1 and U2 to AC source (e.g. 230 V).
If same polarity, phase angle should be 0.0°.
When switching polarity on U2, phase angle
should now be 180.0°. Max deviation al-
lowed is:
±0.5° from 50 – 500 V
±1.0° from 10 – 50 V
±2.0° from 5 – 10 V

16 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123EE

 8
8 Specifications

Specifications

8.1 SPECIFICATIONS Phase angle 0.1°

Range 0 – 359.9° (2 – 500 V and 0.15 – 25 A)
PAM420 Type of phase angle Current-current, voltage-voltage and
Specifications are valid at nominal input voltage and an ambient measurement current-voltage
temperature of +25°C, (77°F). Specifications are subject to change Waveform Sinusoidal
without notice.
Environment Resolution
Application field The instrument is intended for use Inaccuracy1 ±0.5° at >10% of voltage/current
in high-voltage substations and range
industrial environments. ±1° at 2 – 10% of voltage/current
range
Temperature ±2° at 1 – 2% of voltage/current
Operating -10°C to +50°C (14°F to +122°F) range
Storage & transport -40°C to +70°C (-40°F to +158°F) Frequency
Humidity 5% – 95% RH, non-condensing Note: Frequency component in voltage component only
Altitude < 2000 m above sea level Range 15 – 75 Hz
CE-marking Inaccuracy 0.1%
LVD 2014/35/EU Resolution 0.01 Hz
EMC 2014/30/EU Timer
RoHS 2011/65/EU Measurement category CAT II 250 V
General Range 0-999.999 s
Measurement category CAT III 500 V Resolution 1 ms
CAT IV 300 V Inaccuracy ±0.02% + 2 digits of displayed value
Enclosure class IP21
Max input voltage 250 V AC / DC
Power supply Rechargeable batteries
Input debouncing filter 1 ms
Mains adapter 100 – 240 V AC, 50 / 60 Hz
Voltage mode
Adapter output voltage 9 V DC
Parameter Min Max Unit
Output connector Ø 5.08 mm with Ø 2.54 centre pin (+)
Trig AC 9 250 V AC
Power consumption 10 W (max)
Trig DC 11 250 V DC
Dimensions
Contact mode
Instrument 260 x 140 x 55 mm (except handle)
(10.2” x 5.5” x 2.2”) Parameter Min Max Unit
Transport case 390 x 300 x 140 mm Closed contact detection 0 1 kΩ
(15.4” x 11.8” x 5.5”) Open contact detection 4 - kΩ
Weight 1.2 kg (2.6 lbs)
3.5 kg (7.7 lbs) Internal battery Coin cell battery, only
with accessories and transport case replaceable by accredited
Test lead set, with 4 mm Black 2 x 2 m (6.6 ft), 2.5 mm2 service centre
stackable safety plugs Red 2 x 2 m (6.6 ft), 2.5 mm2
Display Alpha numerical LC display with 1
When main adapter is connected the inaccuracy can increase to 1.2°
backlighter
Measurement section
Current – Inputs I1 and I2
Measurement category CAT III 500 V
CAT IV 300 V
Input range 0 – 25 A AC
Inaccuracy 0.5% of reading
Resolution 0.1 A
Protection Built-in 25 A fuse
Voltage – Inputs U1 and U2
Measurement category CAT III 500 V
CAT IV 300 V
Input range 0 – 500 V AC true RMS
Inaccuracy 0.15 % of reading + 0.03% of range
(± 0.15 V)
Resolution 0.1 V

BP0123EE ZP-BP02E PAM 410/420 17

8 Specifications

18 PAM 410/420 ZP-BP02E BP0123EE

Local Sales office
Visit: www.megger.com

Manufacturing sites

Megger Limited Megger GmbH Megger USA - Valley Forge

Archcliffe Road Weststraße 59 Valley Forge Corporate Center
Dover 52074 Aachen 2621 Van Buren Avenue
Kent T. +49 (0) 241 91380 500 Norristown
CT17 9EN E. info@megger.de Pennsylvania, 19403
ENGLAND USA
T. +44 (0)1 304 502101 T. +1 610 676 8500
F. +44 (0)1 304 207342 F. +1 610 676 8610

Megger USA - Dallas Megger AB Megger USA - Fort Collins

4545 West Davis Street Rinkebyvägen 19, Box 724, 4812 McMurry Avenue
Dallas TX 75237 SE-182 17 DANDERYD Suite 100
USA SWEDEN Fort Collins CO 80525
T. 800 723 2861 (USA only) T. +46 08 510 195 00 USA
T. +1 214 333 3201 E. seinfo@megger.com T. +1 970 282 1200
F. +1 214 331 7399
E. USsales@megger.com

This instrument is manufactured in SWEDEN.

The company reserves the right to change the specification or design without prior notice.

Megger is a registered trademark

© Megger Limited 2023 www.megger.com

Postal address: Visiting address:

Megger Sweden AB Megger Sweden AB
Box 724 Rinkebyvägen 19
SE-182 17 DANDERYD SE-182 36 DANDERYD
SWEDEN SWEDEN
Subject to change without notice. Art. No. ZP-BP02E Doc. BP0123EE V05 2023
Subject to change without notice. Art. No. ZP-BP02E Doc. BP0123EE V05 2023