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ST A Lecture

The document discusses system noise temperature, its definition, and its significance in receiver performance, including the calculation of noise power and the G/T ratio. It also covers the effects of atmospheric and ionospheric conditions on link design, highlighting factors like absorption, refraction, and rain attenuation. Key equations and parameters related to noise and signal power are presented to illustrate the impact on receiver output and overall system performance.

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saurabhpandey98653
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14 views10 pages

ST A Lecture

The document discusses system noise temperature, its definition, and its significance in receiver performance, including the calculation of noise power and the G/T ratio. It also covers the effects of atmospheric and ionospheric conditions on link design, highlighting factors like absorption, refraction, and rain attenuation. Key equations and parameters related to noise and signal power are presented to illustrate the impact on receiver output and overall system performance.

Uploaded by

saurabhpandey98653
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SYSTEM NOISE TEMPERATURE ,C/N

AND G/T
/ RATIO
• Thermal noise in its pre amplifier
• PN=KTsB
• SYSTEM NOISE TEMPERATURE IS ALSO CALLED
EFFECTIVE INPUT NOISE TEMPERATURE OF THE
RECEIVER.
RECEIVER
• IT IS DEFINED AS THE NOISE TEMPERATURE OF A
NOISE SOURCE LOCATED AT THE INPUT OF A
NOISELESS RECEIVER WHICH WILL PRODUCE THE
SAME CONTRIBUTION TO THE RECIEVER OUT PUT
NOISE AS THE INTERNAL NOISE OF THE ACTUAL
SYSTEM ITSELF
SYSTEM NOISE TEMPERATURE ,C/N
AND G/T
/ RATIO
• Ts is located at the input to the receiver
receiver.
• RF amplifier
• IF amplifier
lifi
• Demodulator
• Over all gain at the receiver G
• Narrowest bandwidth is B
• Noise power at the demodulator input is
Pn = KTS BG
Noise temp contt‐‐‐
Pr is the signal power at the input of the RF
section of the receiver
signal power at the demodulator input will be
PrG

C PrG Pr
= =
N KTS BG KTs B
Pn = GIf KTIf B + GIf Gm KTm B + GIf GmGRF KB(TRF + Tin )
⎡ KTIff B KTm B ⎤
Pn = GIf GM GRf ⎢ + + KB(TRF + Tin )⎥
⎢⎣ GIf Gm GRf ⎥⎦
⎡ Tiff Tm ⎤
Pn = G If GM G Rf KB ⎢TRf + Tin + + ⎥
⎢⎣ Gm G Rf G RF ⎥⎦
Pn = G If GM G Rf KBTs
from above equation
⎡ Tif Tm ⎤
KTs B = KB ⎢TRf + Tin + + ⎥
⎢⎣ Gm G Rf G RF ⎥⎦
⎡ Tif Tm ⎤
Ts = ⎢TRf + Tin + + ⎥
⎢⎣ Gm G Rf G RF ⎥⎦
Noise temp cont
cont‐‐‐
40 7 db k‐1 at 4 GHz and 50
• G/T ratio is 40.7
elevation
• Gr varies with frequency f^2
• Ts depends upon the sky noise temperature
Noise temp cont
cont‐‐‐
⎛ λ ⎞
2

PT GT GR ⎜ ⎟
C ⎝ 4πd ⎠
=
N KTS BLA
N
N0 =
B
⎛C⎞ EIRP
⎛ 4πd ⎞ GR
⎜ ⎟ = 10log PT GT − 20Log⎜ ⎟ + 10log −10LogLA
⎝ N ⎠dBHz ⎝ λ ⎠ TS
−10LogK
Gr/Ts ‐‐ ratio is called figure of merit
Atmospheric and ionospheric
effect
ff on llinkk d
design
• Absorption
• refraction
• Diffusion(diffraction)
iff i (diff i )
• Rotation of polarization of plane
depend on path length more pronounced at
g
small elevation angles
Absorption and diffusion‐‐‐ lower layers
‐‐‐‐ increase in noise power at receiving antenna
Atmospheric and ionospheric
effect
ff on llinkk d
design –cont‐
• Upper layer of atmosphere cause refraction
and depolarization
• De polarization is produced when radio waves
traverse through the ionosphere layer.
• Below
B l 10 GHzGH atmospheric
h i attenuation
i iis off
no importance
• atmosphere has a small effect on the link
quality at frequency between 2GHz and 10
GHz for higher elevation angles
Atmospheric and ionospheric
effect
ff on llinkk d
design – contt‐‐‐
• Rain attenuation
• Frequency, rainfall rate, diameter and
distribution of rain drops
A rain = γ r L e
• γr specific rain attenuation
• Le effective path length
Few decibels at very heavy rainfall

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