Asynchronous & Synchronous
Machines
(EE – 208)
by
Sikandar Ali Khan
ASSESSMENT SCHEME
Total
100
CWS PRS MTE ETE
15 25 20 40
ASSESSMENT SCHEME
CWS
15
Home
Quizes Attendance
Assignments
As per the office order F.No:
106(3016)Attendance(UG/PG)/2022-23/7044
dated on 13.01.2023
SYLLABUS
UNIT 1
Classification and constructional features of wound rotor and squirrel cage induction machines
Rotating magnetic field
Working principle
Concept of slip
Equivalent circuit
Determination of equivalent circuit parameters
Induction Derivation of speed torque characteristics
Machines Phasor diagram
Generator action, self excited induction generators
Starting methods of induction motor
Principle of speed control of induction motor
Testing and efficiency
Double-cage and deep-bar squirrel cage rotor induction motor
Space and time harmonics and their effect on motor performance
SYLLABUS
UNIT 1(CONTD.)
Single-phase induction motor working
Double revolving field theory
Single
phase Equivalent circuit
induction Torque-speed characteristic
motor
Equivalent circuit
Performance, testing and efficiency
SYLLABUS
UNIT 2
Classification and constructional features of cylindrical rotor and salient pole rotor synchronous
machines
Armature reaction
Equivalent circuit
Phasor diagram
Voltage regulation
Synchronous OCC & SCC Characteristics
Generator Effect of variation of field excitation and prime mover input when synchronized with grid/infinite bus
V curves and inverted v curves of the alternator
Parallel operation of synchronous machines and load division
Two reaction theory for salient pole synchronous machines
Phasor diagrams of salient pole machines
Power angle equations of the cylindrical and salient pole rotor synchronous machines
SYLLABUS
UNIT 2(CONTD.)
Starting methods
Effect of variation of field excitation when connected to grid/infinite
bus
Power factor control by synchronous motor
Synchronous
Motor Synchronous condenser
Stability and hunting in synchronous machines
Slip test
SYLLABUS
UNIT 3
Working of PM – synchronous machines (PMSM) and PM –
BLDC machines
Permanent
Magnet
Methods of excitation of PMSM & PM – BLDC
Synchronous
Machines
Basic torque, EMF equations and their characteristics
SYLLABUS
UNIT 4
Working of synchronous reluctance machines and switched
reluctance machines
Reluctance Methods of excitation
Machines
Basic torque, EMF equations and their characteristics
SYLLABUS
Fitzgerald A. E., Kingsley C. and Kusko A., “Electric Machinery”, 6th Ed.,
McGraw-Hill International Book Company, 2008.
Say M. G., “The Performance and Design of Alternating Current Machines”,
CBS Publishers and Distributors, 2005.
Nagrath I. J. and Kothari D. P., “Electrical Machines”, 3rd Ed., Tata McGraw-
Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2004.
SUGGESTED
READING Langsdorf A. S., “Theory of AC machines”, 2nd Ed., Tata McGraw- Hill
Publishing Company Limited, 2008.
Kimbark E.W., “Power System Stability, Vol. III: Synchronous Machines”,
Wiley India, 2008.
Chapman S. J., “Electric Machinery Fundamentals”, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill
International Book Company, 2005.
Classification of Electric Machines
Hysteresis
Reluctance
Synchronous
Permanent
Magnet
Poly-phase Wound Rotor
Universal Squirrel Cage
DC Machines
Electric Induction
Machines Wound Rotor
AC Machines
Split Phase
Capacitor Start
Single Phase Squirrel Cage
Capacitor Run
Capacitor Start
and Run
Electric Machines: Timeline of Development
1824: François Arago proposes the concept of
"rotary magnetic fields," which lays the foundation
19th Century for AC motor development.
1831: Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic 1885-1887: Galileo Ferraris develops the theory of
induction, the principle underlying electric rotating magnetic fields, which becomes
machines. fundamental to AC motor operation.
1888: Nikola Tesla patents the first practical
1880s design of a two-phase induction motor,
demonstrating the use of rotating magnetic fields.
1888: Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky improves
Tesla’s motor design by inventing the three-phase
induction motor and a three-phase generator.
1891: Dolivo-Dobrovolsky introduces the three-
phase squirrel cage induction motor, a design still
widely used today.
1890s
1895: Charles Proteus Steinmetz develops
mathematical theories for analyzing AC circuits,
aiding AC machine design.
Electric Machines: Timeline of Development
Early 20th Century
Large-scale adoption of AC systems for
power generation and distribution begins.
1900s
Developments in synchronous machines for
power generation and industrial applications.
Introduction of wound rotor induction
motors for better control over torque and
speed.
1920s
Development of V-curves for synchronous
motors to optimize their operation.
Electric Machines: Timeline of Development
Mid 20th Century
1930s-1940s: Advances in materials, such as
improved steel laminations and better
insulation, enhance AC machine efficiency. Emergence of variable frequency drives
(VFDs) to control motor speed and improve
energy efficiency.
1950s
Development of single-phase induction
motors for domestic and small industrial use.
Electric Machines: Timeline of Development
Late 20th Century
1970s: Introduction of permanent magnet
synchronous machines (PMSMs) for high-
efficiency applications.
1980s: Proliferation of VFDs due to
advancements in power electronics and
semiconductor technology.
Development of vector control (field-oriented
control) for precise control of AC motors.
1990s
Emergence of switched reluctance motors
(SRMs) as an alternative for specific
applications.
Electric Machines: Timeline of Development
Widespread use of PMSMs in electric
vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy
systems.
2000s
Development of direct-drive motors for
21st Century
wind turbines.
Enhanced design tools using computational
methods like finite element analysis (FEA).
2010s
Focus on high-speed and high-efficiency AC
machines for aerospace and EV
applications.
Innovations in cooling technologies and
materials for ultra-high power density
motors.
2020s
Growth in adoption of axial flux machines
and integrated motor-inverter systems.
Electric Machines: Timeline of Development
Focus on ultra-efficient designs (IE4/IE5 motors),
High Efficiency and Sustainability sustainable materials, and reducing reliance on rare-
earth elements for environmental impact.
Future Trends in AC
Adoption of innovative cooling methods (e.g., liquid
cooling, microchannels) and lightweight materials
Advanced Cooling and High Power Density for compact, high-performance machines like axial
flux and superconducting motors.
Machines
Integration with IoT for real-time monitoring,
Smart and Digitalized Machines: predictive maintenance using AI, and digital twin
technology for optimization and reliability.
Use of wide-bandgap semiconductors (SiC/GaN) for
efficient motor drives, alongside advanced
Enhanced Control and Power Electronics algorithms like sensorless control and precise torque
management.
Tailored designs for electric vehicles and renewable
systems, including direct-drive wind turbines and
Support for EVs and Renewable Energy integrated motor-inverter solutions for compact,
efficient powertrains.
3 Phase Induction Motor - Overview
Pin PAG Pm
Rs jXs R r jX ro
Io
I r
Is
Vph AC
Rc jXm
Single Phase Induction Motor - Overview
Main Winding
Aux. Winding
Synchronous Machines - Overview
Armature Winding
Field Winding
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
(PMSM) - Overview
Armature Winding
Permanent Magnet
Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor - Overview
Armature Winding
Permanent Magnet
D. Mohanraj et al., "A Review of BLDC Motor: State of Art, Advanced Control Techniques, and
Applications," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 54833-54869, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3175011.
Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) - Overview
Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SyRM) -
Overview
Thank
You……..
