Define the Ideology of Pakistan by emphasizing the impact of Islam on India.

Abstract
The creation of Pakistan is justified and criticised enormously in the literature on South Asia.
Opposition to the idea continues but in different contours and has wreaked the minds of
younger generation in Pakistan. Justification of the idea also needs to come up with the same
vigour but with arguments appropriate to the time and place. The demand for Pakistan can be
explained as the result of differences primarily political between the two communities and
political parties. These differences neither could be dissolved nor arbitrated but assent and
elevated to the emergence of new political thinking or ideology among the Indians in Indo-Pak
Subcontinent in the first half of the 20 th century. At a certain stage advocates of the idea
mobilized people and transformed into a coherent political movement for the division of India
and creation of Pakistan. Both Hindus and Muslims and their main political representatives;
Congress and Muslim League provided enough reasons to formulate this ideology.
There is a close relation between Islam and Indians. Islam is a religion which is based on Qur’an
and the Holy Qur’an is the constitution for Muslims. Islam is the second largest religion in the
world and it is still growing fast. The supporter of Islam is considered as Muslim. Islam’s prophet
is Muhammad (PBUH) who was born in Mecca. There are five important pillars of Islam which
are the basic tenets of worship, explaining Islamic laws as well as every side of society and life.
Islam in India has fascinating and powerful impact. Indeed, Islam has become woven into the
very fabric of Indian civilization and culture. Muslim arrived in India during the life of Prophet
Muhammad, establishing mosque and organizing missionary endeavours in the seventh century
C.E. Those missionary efforts proved successful, rooting Islam firmly into Indian life. Islam
entered India in the 10th century and created more ethnic complexity. Islam also brought
Sufism to India. Sufism began as teaching religion more deeply in the Middle East about the
Truth of Islam from Mohammad. Sufism involves an actualization of Devine ethics.

What is ideology?
Ideology is the combination of two Greek word, "ldeo` means "ldeas" and "Logos" means,
"Science". Thus ideology means, "Science of ldeas. Ideology is a set of beliefs, ideas and values
which directs one's goals. Every body has a specific aim of life. To achieve the aim, a set of ideas
provide guidance. Similarly, in collective life of a group or nation, people struggle collectively in
the light of common thinking. That collective thinking is called ideology of the Nation.

Kinds of ldeology: ldeology is of three kinds 1. Religious ldeology, which deals to establish a
social and living system in the light of basic principles of a religion. 2. Political ldeology, which
deals to establish a specific political system for the followers of that ideology, according to their
thinking. 3. Economic ldeology, which deals to solve the financial problems of the nation. E.g.
capitalist economy or communist economy.
Significance of ldeology Every nations has specific goals. To achieve national goals, there is
need of ideology that leads the people of the nation in right direction, To achieve the settled
goals, ideology proves helpful in the following ways:
1. ldeology persuades a nation towards purposeful life.
2. Ideology keeps people of a society united.
3. Ideological nations face no problem in legislation because basic principles already exist in
form of ldeology.
4. ldeology plays vital role in national identity. It discriminate a nation from others.

ldeology of Pakistan:
Every movement has an ideology behind it. Ideology of Pakistan is ldeology of Islam. On base of
which Muslim of Sub-continent struggle for a separate homeland. Or Ideology of Pakistan is to
mould our individual and collective lives according to the teachings of Islam and to safeguard
ourselves against all those ideologies that are against Islam. The Islamic philosophy of life is the
foundation of the Ideology of Pakistan. The Ideology of Pakistan refers to the consciousness of
the Muslims in the historical perspective of the South Asian subcontinent that they were
different from other nations on the basis of the Islamic way of life.

The Creation of Pakistan: Different Views Regarding the establishment of Pakistan, some
asserted that it was the traditional British imperialist ‘policy of divide and rule’ which finally
culminated in the struggle for Pakistan and led by Muslim League and Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
Some asserted that it is the religion of Islam, which is responsible for a separate Muslim state,
while others opined that it is the Hindu mentality and Congress stubbornness which finally gave
way to the creation of Pakistan. A group of scholars also attributed it to the economic
deprivation of a class or a struggle to safeguard the interest of a Muslim mercantile class who
were behind the division of India. A gist of these views is given along some plausible questions
raised after accepting these views.

Basis of ldeology of Pakistan

Quaid-e-Azam said that "Pakistan was created the day the first Indian national entered the
field of Islam." From the above statement, it is clear that ideology of Pakistan is an Islamic one.
In short, we can say that the ideology of Pakistan is based on the Islamic principles.
Major Islamic impacts on Indian society:
Before the coming of Islam to India, the people were divided in several religious factions and an
intense struggle was going on between Hinduism and other religions. When Islam was
introduced to the people of the subcontinent attracted many followers because of its simple
and easily understandable principles. The introduction of Islam completely transformed the
Indian society into a well kind social fraternity. Islam came as blessing for the oppressed classes
in India whose life had come miserable because of the deep rooted caste system. Most of Indian
Muslims converted to Islam were belonged to the lower classes of the Indian society. Besides,
these Muslims are also belonged to the ruling families of the different Indian kingdoms. Some of
these rulers were Hindus who actually belonged to the warrior castes of Hindu society and
adopted Islam. Islam brought a new way of life for them which they had never experienced
before in the Hindu society. The respectable way of life which shown to them under Islam, gave
them a feeling of being human beings. Islam infused a different thinking and sentiments among
the people of the subcontinent.

Social Impact:
India was divided into several sects and class when Islam reached here. Islam had its deep
impact on the social life too. The practice of purdah has been the result of the impact of Islam
since the Hindu society was living in isolation for several thousand years under a tight Brahmin
control; it had lost its vigour and vitality.

Cultural Impact:
The impact of Islam could be seen on the cultural life of the Indians too. The Hindus to a great
extent have adopted the thoughts and belief of Islam. The impact of Islam on Indian culture has
been inestimable. It permanently influenced the development of all areas of human like
language, dress, all the art forms, architecture, urban design, social customs and values.
Conversely, the languages of the Muslim invaders were modified by contact with local languages
to Urdu, which uses the Arabic script. The Parsi language was introduced in the subcontinent by
the Muslims. At the time of Mughal, Parsi became the official language in the whole
subcontinent. Even the Hindus used this language for communication. By the interaction of
these languages, new language like Urdu and Hindi emerged.

Islam in India:
Islam is the second largest religion in India with 14.2 percent of the country’s population. Islam
first came to the western coast of India when traders as early as the 7th century C.E. came to
coastal Malabar and Konkan- Gujrat. Islam arrived in north India in the 12th century via the
Turki’s invasions and has since become a part of India’s religious and cultural heritage. Over the
centuries, there has been significant integration of Hindu and Muslim cultures across India and
Muslim have played a notable role in economic, politics and culture of India.
Negative Impact:
Under the impact of Islam Continuous progress disappeared from the life of Hindus.
(1)The Purda System: Islam and Muslim rule seriously affected the position of Indian women.
The birth of a girl was looked upon as an inauspicious event. Consequently, female infanticide
spread widely among the Hindu. The purda system, seclusion of women from men, unknown in
early days of Hindu rule which was introduced in the Hindu Society women generally lived in
seclusion in sphere of their homes.
(2) Child Marriage and Sati System: Child marriage was introduced in society. Gradually, child
marriage was enforced. Early marriage of Hindu girls to avoid their knapping by the Muslims
became the custom. Sati system was another social evil of this period. During the Muslim rule
women were expected to observe strict fidelity in their conjugal life. The condition of the Hindu
women deteriorated considerably dependence of women on their male relatives or husbands
become the prominent feature of the Hindu society.
(3) Slavery: Slavery was common in the Muslim tradition. It was a practice among the Sultans,
Amir’s and nobles to keep both men and women slaves. Hence, slavery appeared in India due to
Muslims.
(4) More Rigid Caste System: The missionary Zeal of Islam which aimed at converting the
Hindus to Muslims compelled the Hindus to be orthodox in outlook and practice to protect their
religion and culture from the onslaught of Islam Restrictions regarding Caste and marriage had
become more stringent among the Hindus.
(5) Conversions: When Hindu society became more rigid and conservative, the miseries of
lower castes increased to a great extent. Due to reason lower caste Hindus particularly the
untouchables converted to Islam.

Positive Impact:
The positive aspects of the impact of Islam on Indian society discussed of the following:
(1) Religious Impact: Islam brought to India a conception of human equality, pride in one’s
religions, and a legal system. Islam gave the message of universal brotherhood, introduced
equality in society, rejected Caste system and untouchability.
(2) Impact on upper class Hindu: Upper classes of Hindus were influenced by the
Mohammadan dress, etiquette, recreation and other activities. The art of war fare was also
influenced and developed as a result of Islamic contact. Food of Muslims like Biryani, Kabab and
Palan etc. were adopted by the Hindus.
(3) Music: Indian music and musical instruments were also influenced by Islam. Indian musical
instruments were modified and new instruments were produced the Tabla which was produced
by modification of Hindu musical instrument and Murdinga. A fusion of Hindu and Iranian
system of music led to the evolution of light songs. Classical vocal music of India underwent
radical changes as a result of the contact with Muslim singers.
(4) Architecture: Assimilation and synthesis between Hindu and Islamic culture led to evolution
of new styles of architecture. According to Tara Chand, “The craftsmanship, ornamental richness
and general design remained largely Hindu, the arcaded form, plain dooms, smooth faced walls
and spacious interiors were Muslims impositions.” In the field of architecture new styles started
of which Red Fort, Delhi Jama Masjid, Qutub Minar, Taj Mahal etc. are living examples.
(5) Language and literature: Hindu- Muslim contact led to linguistic synthesis. Urdu is the
outcome of a mixture of Persian, Arabic and Turkish words and of ideas with the concepts and
languages of Sanskrit origin. The Urdu became language of the people. The Hindu language was
also influenced by Muslim contact. Hindu culture turn influenced the Islamic elements. It is a
fact that the Hindus and the Muslims have contributed to the evolution of common cultural
heritage in India.
From the above discussion we may say that the impact of Islam on Indian society has to make
smooth. Long association brought the two distinct groups of the Hindus and Muslims closer and
closer with the result that the evolution of the Hindu culture was with Islamic things. But the
Hindu culture in its own turn influenced the Islamic elements. It is a fact that the Hindu and the
Muslims have contributed to evolution of common cultural heritage in India. New rules with
regard to caste and marriage were also prescribed.