AGRICULTURE PAPER 2
FORM FOUR TERM ONE
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
1. Categories of produce store (4 x ½) = 2mks
i. Traditional granaries
ii. Modern stores
iii. Silos
iv. Cyprus bins
2. Reasons for tooth clipping (Any 2 x ½) = 1mk
i. To prevent injury, incase piglets fight
ii. To avoid injury to mothers’ teats during suckling
iii. To facilitate proper feeding of the piglets
3. Uses of a rake (2 x ½ = 1 mk)
i. Levelling the ground during land preparation
ii. Removing weed/trash from cultivated area
4. Diseases of bees (2 x ½ = 1 mk)
i. Acarive
ii. American foul brood
5. Heifer – A young female cattle between weaning and first calving (1mk)
Cow – A mature female cattle (Mark as a whole)
6. Species of tapeworms that affect livestock
i. Beef tapeworm/ Taenia saginata
ii. Pork tapeworm/ Taenia solium (2 x 1) = 2mks
7. Viral diseases that affect poultry
i. New castle
ii. Marek’s disease (fowl paralysis)
iii. Gumboro
iv. Avian flu
v. Fowl pox Any 4 x ½ = 2mks
8. Disadvantages of natural incubation
i. Few chicks hatched at one time
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ii. Farmer can’t plan when to incubate
iii. Diseases and parasites can be easily transmitted to the chicks from hen
iv. Hens can only be used when broody
v. Death of the bird will collapse the process (Any 4 x ½ ) 2mks
9. Causes of bad flavours in milk production
i. Feedstuffs with strong smells prior to milking e.g. onions, pineapple fruit waste, Mexican
marigold. Rej: feedstuffs alone
ii. Oxidation from exposure to sun or containers with traces of iron or copper
2 x ½ = 2 mks
10. Causes of death in cow during or after parturition
i. Malpresentation of calf (Acc breech presentation)
ii. Excessive bleeding after birth
iii. Milk fever in high yielding animals Any 2 x ½ = 1 mk
11. Roughages – It is a feedstuff with high fibre and carbohydrate content and low in protein
Concentrate – It is a feedstuff with high amount of proteins or energy (carbodydrates) but low
in crude fibre Mark as a whole = 1mk
12. Zoonotic diseases
i. Anthrax
ii. Brucellosis (acc contagious abortion/bang’s diseases)
iii. Tuberculosis
iv. Rabbies (Any 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks
13. Uses of harrows
i) Levelling seedbed
ii) Breaking soil clods
iii) Stirring the soil
iv) Destroying weeds
v) Burying trash (Any 4 x ½ = 2 mks
14. Signs of heat in pigs
i. Restlessness
ii. Frequent urination
iii. Swelling and reddening of vulva
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iv. Clear or slimy mucus discharge from vulva
v. Respond positively to rider’s test
vi. Frequent mounting others (Any 4 x ½ mk) = 3mks
15. Plant species used to establish live fence
i. Tick berry (lantana Gamara)
ii. Kei apple
iii. Crotons
iv. cactus
v. Sisal
vi. Euphorbia
vii. Bougainvillea
viii. Mauritius thorn
ix. Cypress Any 3 x ½ = 2 mks
16. Benefits of scattering grains in deep litter house
i. Provides supplementary feed to the bird
ii. Birds help to turn the litter as they scratch for the grain
iii. Keeps bird busy when scratching thus preventing vices (Any 2 x ½) 1mk
17. Types of lubrication system
i. Splash feed
ii. Force feed
iii. Oil mist (3 x ½) = 1 ½ mk
18. Sheep breeds reared for meat
i. Dorper
ii. Black head Persian
iii. Red Maasai sheep 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks
19. Tools used during castration
i. Burdizzo
ii. Elastrator and rubber ring Rej: elastrator alone
iii. Scapel 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mk
20. Disorders associated with calcium deficiency in animals
i. Milk fever
ii. Soft shelled eggs
iii. Egg without shells (shell-less eggs)
iv. Osteomalacia/osteoporosis
v. Rickets Any 4 x ½ (2mks)
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SECTION B (20 MARKS)
21. (a) E 1mk
(b) F - High pressure / excess pressure 1mk
G – punctured/ Low pressure / less pressure. 1mk
(c) F - Deflate to correct pressure 1mk
G – repair damaged tube and Inflate to correct pressure 1mk
22. (a) roof of a house. 1mk
(b) A - Rafter.
B - Tie.
C - Strut.
D - Wall plate.
E - Rafter bracket. 1 4 =4mks
23. (a) W - Cold chisel.
X - Spirit level.
Z - Masons square. 1 3 = 3mks
(b) Z - Checks right angles during construction. 1mk
X - Checks whether a surface is vertical or horizontal. 1mk
24. (i) Rabbit./ pig/ donkey/ horse
(ii) A - Oesophagus.
B - Pancreas. 1 2 = 2mks
(iii) C - Produces intestinal juice / digestive juices / absorption of digested food.
D - Digestion of cellulose
- Absorbs carbohydrates. 1 2 = 2mks
SECTION C: (40 MARKS)
25. a
Petrol Engine Diesel Engine
i. Uses petrol as fuel i. Uses diesel as fuel
ii. Spark plug ignition ii. Uses compression ignition
iii. Has a carburetor iii. Has no carburetor
iv. Has plugs for ignition iv. Has no plugs
v. Compression ratio is lower v. Compression rate ratio is
8:1 higher 16 :1
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vi. Power from air –fuel vi. Power from diesel
mixture vii. Heavier
vii. Lighter
viii. Petrol engines produce less viii. Produce more noise
noise
ix. Produces less smoke ix. Produce more smoke
x. Needs more frequent x. Needs less frequent
maintenance maintenance
25. b) Daily maintenance of a tractor
i. Engine oil
ii. Check the level with a dip stick and add if low
iii. Battery
iv. Check the level of electrolyte and distilled water to cover the plates
v. Fuel
vi. Check and add if low
vii. Greasing
viii. Is done using the nipples on all greasing points
ix. Fan belt
x. Tighten if loose
xi. Radiator
xii. Add water if level of water is low and remove vegetation
xiii. Air cleanses
xiv. Blow off any excessive dust
xv. Oil baths (air cleaner)
xvi. Change oil if dirty
xvii. Nuts, Bolts, pins
xviii. Tighten these if loose
xix. Sediment bowl
xx. Clean if clogged 10 x 1 = 10 mks
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a) Disease predisposing factors
Are conditions inside or outside the body of an animal which lead to the animal
which contracting a disease or injury 1x2 = 2mks
b)
i. Age of the animal ; species of the animal
ii. Sex of the animal ; Bred of the animal
iii. Colour of the animal
iv. Change of climate / environment
v. Heredity
vi. Environment
vii. Overcrowding
viii. Physical conditions as fatigue, weakness and pregnancy
ix. Animal movement / Animal coming in contact with animals
c)
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i. Old age
ii. First trimester stage of lactation
iii. Large udder attachment / pendulous udder
iv. Incomplete milking
v. Mechanical injuries
vi. Poor sanitation
vii. Poor milking technique
d)
i. Proper feeding and nutrition: To prevent deficiency diseases and impart disease
resistance
ii. Proper breeding and selection: Healthy animals should be selected for breeding
iii. Proper housing: House should be well ventilated, leak proof, well lit, easy to clean,
spacious, free from draught, and well drained
iv. Isolation / separation of sick animals
v. Animals showing disease symptoms should be isolated /separated from the rest of
the hard to avoid further spread
vi. Imposition of quarantine: in the event of an outbreak of notifiable disease,
movement of animals and their products should be restricted to prevent spread of
diseases
vii. Prophylactic measures / Treatment: Prophylactic measures such as administering
prophylactic drugs, help to control diseases
viii. Treatment: should be carried out to prevent disease attack and spread
ix. Vaccination: Regular vaccination gives am animal immunity against certain
diseases
x. Mass slaughter: Animals affected by highly infections and contagious diseases
should be slaughtered to prevent further spread of the disease
xi. Use of antiseptics and disinfectants: Antiseptics can be use on open wounds e.g
terramycin sprays, disinfectants contain germicidal chemicals help to control of are
disease as scours in calves, fowl typhoid, coccidiosis etc.
xii. Control of vectors: Disease carrying agents like tsetse flies and ticks are controlled
by use of appropriate insecticides.
xiii. Use of healthy breeding stock / Artificial insemination
xiv. Artificial insemination helps to prevent the spread of certain diseases e.g.
Brucellosis
xv. De-worming: Internal parasites be controlled by drenching of farm animals to help
control parasites as tapeworms, round worms, liver flukes
xvi. Rearing diseases resistant breeds: some livestock breeds are more tolerant to
diseases than other breeds e.g. zebu cattle are tolerant to East Coast fever
xvii. Trimming of hooves to minimize occurrence of foot rot disease/; Ensure no sharp
objects like cut wire in pasture.
(Any first 4 x2=8mks)
27.
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i. Construct a broader of suitable dimensions
ii. Avoid corners in the house/broader
iii. Provide litter and cover it with old newspapers
iv. Provide enough heat sources to warm the chicks
v. Protect heat sources to avoid accidents
vi. Provide waterers and feeders well distributed
vii. Ensure waterers and feeders are clean
viii. Cull sick chicks
ix. Vaccinate the chicks
x. Debeak habitual cannibals
xi. Feed on layers marsh from week 16
xii. Supply grit to supplement digestion
xiii. Provide parches for exercise
xiv. Supply vegetables adequately
xv. Maintain the litter dry and free from dust
xvi. Introduce grower’s marsh from week 6 – 8
xvii. Check for pests / parasites and apply appropriate control measures
xviii. Keep up to date records
xix. Check birds for disease symptoms and treat them immediately
xx. Provide enough calcium giving oyster shells
xxi. Maintain and repair the house as need arises.
xxii. observe order from before chicks arrive to week 8 (1x1 mk) ,
