Integration

Integration is the reverse process of differentiation also called anti-

differentiation.
∫ → Integral sign
d dy
If dx
( y )=
dx
dy
then∫ =y
dx

When integrating, we have an integral constant “c”

n+1
x
Rule: ∫ x dx=
n
n+1
+c

n +1
ax
∫ a x dx=
n
+c where a is a constant
n+1

∫ [ f ( x )+ g (x)] dx=∫ f ( x) dx +∫ g(x )dx

∫ [ f ( x )−g(x) ] dx=∫ f ( x )dx −∫ g (x)dx

Example 1
a) ∫ √ x dx
1
b) ∫ x 4 dx

3
1 3
x2 2
a) ∫ √ x dx=∫ x = 3 + c= 3 x 2 + c
2

2
−3
1 x
b) ∫ x4 ∫dx= x
−4
=
−3
+c

Example 2
Integrate the following
4−2 x
a) ∫ x
8
dx

b) ∫ 4 x−6 +8 x−2 +7+8 x + x 4 dx

4−2 x
a) ∫ x
8
dx

4 2x
∫ x 8 − x 8 dx=∫ 4 x−8−2 x−7 dx
−7 −6 −7 −6
4x 2x 4x x
¿ − +c= + +c
−7 −6 −7 3

b) ∫ 4 x
−6 −2 4
+8 x +7+8 x + x dx
−5 −1 2 5
4x 8x 7x 8x x
¿ + + + + +c
−5 −1 1 2 5
−5 5
4x −1 2 x
¿ −8 x +7 x+ 4 x + +c
−5 5

Rules:
n+1
( ax+ b)
∫ (ax +b)n dx= (n+1)(a)
+c

∫ sinx dx=−cosx +c
∫ cosx=sinx+c
−1
∫ sin ( ax+ b ) dx= a
cos ( ax+ b ) +c

1
∫ cos ( ax +b ) dx= a sin ( ax +b )+ c

Example 3
Integrate:
 a) ∫ sin ( 3 x +5 ) dx
b) ∫ cos ( 5 x +7 ) dx
c) ∫ sin 2 x−3 cos 2 x dx

−1
a) ∫ sin ( 3 x +5 ) dx= 3
cos (3 x +5 ) +c
1
b) ∫ cos ( 5 x +7 ) dx= 5 sin ( 5 x +7 )+ c
−1 3
c) ∫ sin 2 x−3 cos 2 x dx= 2 cos 2 x− 2 sin 2 x+ c

Exercise 1
Integrate the following
7−2 x
1) ∫ x
8
dx

8 7
2) ∫ 4 √ x+ x 3 + x 9 dx
3) ( )
∫−9 sin2 x + 52 cos 12 x dx

7−2 x 7 2x
1) ∫ dx=∫ 8 − 8 =∫ 7 x −2 x
−8 −7
8
x x x
−7 −6 −6
7x 2x −7 x
¿ − =−x + +c
−7 −6 3

1
8 7
2) ∫ 4 √ x+ 3
x x
+ 9 =∫ 4 x 2 +8 x−3 +7 x−9

3
4 x 8 x−2 7 x−8
2
¿ + +
3 −2 −8
2
 3
8 2 −2 7 x−8
¿ x −4 x − +c
3 8

3) ∫−9 sin2 x + 2 cos

5
( 12 x) dx= 92 cos 2 x +5 sin ( 12 x )+c

Solving Differential Equations

dy 2
=a x + bx+ c
dx

Using separation of variables, integrate both sides.

dy
1) ∫ dx =∫ a x
2
+bx +c

2
y= A x + Bx+C

2) Using a point, use x and y to find C.

Example 4
Gradient function sinx+ x−2. Curve point (1, 0). Find equation of curve

dy
=sinx + x−2
dx
2
∫ dy
dx
x 2x
=∫ sinx+ x−2=−cosx + − +c
2 1
2
x
¿−cosx+ −2 x +c
2
2
( 1 , 0 ) 0=−cos ( 1 )+ 1 −2 ( 1 )+ c
2
1
0=−1+ −2+ c
2
0=c−2.5
c=2.5

Equation of Curve
2
x 5
−2 x−cosx +
2 2

Example 5
dy
A curve from which dx
=ax−6 where a is a constant that passes through
the point (2, 1). At this point, gradient= 4.
i) Find a
ii) Equation of Curve

dy
=ax−6 ( 2 , 1 )
dx
dy
dx
=4 with point (2, 1)
dy dy
x=2 , =4 =5 x−6
dx dx
4=a ( 2 )−6
4=2 a−6
2 a=10
a=5
2
∫ dy
dx
=∫ 5 x−6=
5x 6x
2
− +c
1
5
( 2 , 1 ) x 2−6 x +c
2
5 2
1= ( 2 ) −6 ( 2 ) +c
2
c=3
Equation of Curve
5 2
y= x −6 x +3
2

Definite Integration
∫ f ( x ) dx=F ( x )+ c
b

∫ f (x )dx =F ( b ) −F(a)
a

Example 6
π

a) ∫ (sinx−cosx)dx
0
4

b) ∫ x 3 dx
2

a) ∫ ( sinx−cosx ) dx=2
0
1

( )
2
x3 1 −21
b) ∫ + x dx=
8 2 32
−3
2

Application of Integration
Area
1)
Area under a curve x=a∧x=b
b
A=∫ f (x ) dx
a

2)

Area between two curves y=f ( x ) and y=g ( x ) where bounded by x=a and
x=b
b
A=∫ [ g ( x )−f ( x ) ] dx
a

Example 7
Find the shaded area

Area of region, A=∫ x dx

2

[ ]
3
x3
¿
3 2

( )( )
3 3
3 2
¿ −
3 3
1 2
¿ 6 unit s
3

Example 8

Find the area of the shaded region

 1

Area ¿ ∫ ( 5−2 x ) −( x 2+ 2 )
−3

1
¿ ∫ ( 3−2 x−x )
2

−3

[ ]
1
x3
2
¿ 3 x−x −
3 −3

( )( )
3
1 (−3 )
¿ 3 (1 )−12− − 3 (−3 )− (−3 )2−
3 3

2 2
¿ 10 unit s
3

Volume
1)
If the area bounded by y=f ( x ) , x=a and x=b is rotated 360° about the x axis,
then the solid generated can be used to find the volume
b
V =π ∫ [ f ( x ) ] dx
2

Similarly, volume between two curves

b
V =π ∫ [ f ( x ) ] −[ g ( x ) ] dx
2 2

Example 9

Find volume
 3

( )
2
3
V =π ∫ ( x +4 ) − 2 x +
2
dx
1 x
3
9
¿ π ∫ −3 x +8 x +4−
2
2
dx
1 x

[ ]
3
9
¿ π −x 3+ 4 x 2 +4 x +
x 1

3
¿ 8 π unit s

Example 10

Find the volume

2
V =π ∫ ( 2 x +5 ) −( 3 x + 1 ) dx
2 2 2 2

2
¿ π ∫ −5 x +14 x +24 dx
4 2

[ ]
2
5 14 x 3
¿ π −x + + 24 x
3 0
 ([ ] )
3
5 14 ( 2 )
¿ π −( 2) + +24(2) −0
3

Past Paper Questions

2012
1)
2

a) Evaluate ∫ ( 16−7 x )
3
dx
1
dy
b) The point Q ( 4 ,8 ) lies on a curve for which dx
=3 x−5. Determine the
equation of the curve
c) Calculate the area between the curve y=2cos x +3 sin x and the x axis
π
from x=0 to 3
d) Calculate the volume of the solid formed when the area enclosed
by the curve y=x 2 +2 and the x axis, from x=0 to x=3 is rotated
through 360 ° about the x axis [Leave your solution in terms of π ]

2013
2)
a) Find ∫ ( 5 x 2 +4 ) dx
π
2
b) Evaluate ∫ ( 3 sin x−5 cos x ) dx
0

c) A curve passes through the points P ( 0 , 8 ) and Q ( 4 ,0 ) and is such that

dy
=2−2 x . Find the area of the finite region bounded by the curve in
dx
the first quadrant

2014
3)
 4

a) Evaluate ∫ x ( x 2−2 ) dx
2
π
3
b) Evaluate ∫ ( 4 cos x +2 sin x ) dx , leaving your answer in surd form
0
dy 2
c) A curve passes through the point P(2 ,−5) and is such that dx
=6 x −1

i) Determine the equation of the curve

ii) Find the area of the finite region bounded by the curve, the x
axis, the line x=3 and the line x=4

2015
4)
π
3

a) Evaluate ∫ cos 3θ dθ
π
6
dy
b) A curve has an equation which satisfies dx
=kx ( x−1 ) where k is a
constant. Given that the value of the gradient of the curve at the
point ( 2 , 3 ) is 14 , determine
i) The value of k
ii) The equation of the curve
c) Calculate, in terms of π , the volume of the solid formed when the
area enclosed by the curve y=x 2 +1 and the x axis, from x=0 to x=1,
is rotated through 360 ° about the x axis
2016
5)
a)
i) Find ∫ ( 3 cos θ−5 sin θ ) dθ

[ ]
3
2
Evaluate ∫
3
ii) x
2
−3+2 x dx
1

b) The following figure show the finite region R bounded by the lines
x=1 , x=2 and the arc of the curve y= ( x −2 )2+5
Calculate the area of the region R

c) The point P ( 1 ,2 ) lies on the curve which has a gradient function

dy 2
given by dx
=3 x −6 x. Find the equation of the curve

2017
6)
π
4
a) Show that ∫ ( sin x + 4 cos x ) dx= 3 √2+2
0 2
dy
b) Determine the equation of a curve whose gradient function dx
=x+ 2,

and which passes through the point P ( 2 ,3 )

2

c) Evaluate ∫ ( 4−x ) dx
2

d) Calculate the volume of the solid formed when the area enclosed
x
by the straight line y=
2 and the x axis for x=0 to x=6 is rotated
through 2 π about the x axis

2018
7)
 a) Show, using integration that the finite area of the curve y=sin x in
4π
the first quadrant bounded by the line x= 9 is smaller than the
finite region of y=cos x in the same quadrant and bounded by the
same line
b) The finite region in the first quadrant bounded by the curve
y=x + x +3, the x axis and the line x=4 is rotated completely about
2

the x axis. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed

dy
c) A curve which has a gradient of dx
=3 x−1 passes through the point
A ( 4 ,1 ). Find the equation of the curve

2019
8)
a) Integrate 3 cos x +2 sin x
4

b) Evaluate ∫ √x dx
2 x
1

c) The point ( 2 , 4 ) lies on the curve whose gradient is given by

dy
=−2 x+1. Determine
dx
i) The equation of the curve
ii) The area under the curve in the finite region in the first quadrant
between 0 and 3 on the x axis

2021
9)
a) Determine the following integrals, giving each answer in its
simplest form
i) ∫ 2 x 2+ 3 x dx
ii) ∫ 2 sin 3 x dx
b) Using an integration method, calculate the area of the region in the
first quadrant under the graph y=3 sin x
 c) A particle starting from rest travels in a straight line with an
acceleration, a , given by a=t 2 where t is the time in seconds
i) Determine the velocity, v, of the particle in terms of time, t
ii) Calculate the displacement, s, of the particle in the interval of
time t=0 to t=2

2022
10)
a) Determine ∫ ( 4 cos θ−6 sin θ ) dθ
2

b) Evaluate ∫ ( 3−x ) dx
2

c) Determine the area of the region bounded by the curve y=5+ 5 x− x2 ,

the x axis, the y axis and the line x=2
d) A particle moves in a straight line so that t seconds after passing
through a fixed point O, its acceleration, a , is given by a=( 3 t−1 ) m s−2.
When t=2, the particle has a velocity, v, of 4 m s−1 and a
displacement of 6 m from O. Determine the velocity when t=4

Past Paper Solutions

2012
1)
a) Let t=16−7 x
dt
=−7
dx
dt
∴ dx=
−7

When x=2
t=16−7 ( 2 )=2

When x=1
t=16−7 ( 1 )=9

1 2
dt
∴∫ ( 16−7 x ) dx=∫ t
3 3

2 9 −7

[ ]
4 2
t
¿
4 (−7 ) 9

[ ]
2
t4
¿
−28 9

¿ [ ][ ]
( 2) 4
−28
−
( 9 )4
−28
3
¿ 233
4

dy
b) dx
=3 x−5

The equation of the curve is y=∫ (3 x−5 ) dx

 2
3x
y= −5 x +c , where c is a constant
2

Since ( 4 , 8 ) lies on the curve, substituting x=4 and y=8

2
3 (4 )
∴ 8= −5 ( 4 )+ c
2
c=4

2
3x
∴ The equation of the curve is y=
2
−5 x +4

c) The region whose area is required lies entirely above the x axis and
in the first quadrant
π
3
Area ¿ ∫ ( 2 cos x +3 sin x ) dx
0

π
¿ [ 2 ( sin x )−3 ( cos x ) ]
3
0

[ ()
¿ 2 sin
π
3
−3 cos
π
3 ( )]
−( 2 sin 0−3 cos 0 )

¿
[√ 3+1
1
2 ]
unit s 2

2
≈ 3.23 unit s
b

d) Volume, V =π ∫ y 2 dx
a
 3

Volume, V =π ∫ ( x 2 +2 )
2
dx
0

3
¿ π ∫ ( x +4 x + 4 ) dx
4 2

[ ]
3
x5 4 x3
¿π + +4 x
5 3 0

¿π { ( 3 )5 4 ( 3 )3
5
+
3
+ 4 ( 3 ) −(0) }
3 3
¿ 96 π units
5
2013
2)
2 +1
a) ∫ ( 5 x 2 +4 ) dx= 5 x
2+1
+ 4 x+ c

3
5x
¿ + 4 x +c
3

b)
π
2 π

∫ ( 3 sin x−5 cos x ) dx= [−3 cos x−5 sin x ] 02

0

The constant of integration is omitted since it cancels off in a definite

integral

π
2 π

∫ ( 3 sin x−5 cos x ) dx= [−3 cos x−5 sin x ] 02

0

{
¿ −3 cos ( π2 )−5 sin ( π2 )}−{−3 cos ( 0 )−5 sin(0)}
¿−2

c) The equation of the curve

y=∫ (2−2 x)dx
2
y=2 x−x +c

Q ( 0 , 8) lies on the curve, therefore

 2
8=2 ( 0 )−( 0 ) + c
c=8

∴ The equation of the curve is y=2 x−x +8

2

When y=0
2
2 x−x + 8=0
( 4−x ) ( x+ 2 )=0

The curve cuts the x axis at x=4 and x=−2

The coefficient of x 2< 0 so the curve has a maximum point

Area of the shaded region ¿ ∫ ( 2 x−x + 8 ) dx

2

[ ]
4
x3
2
¿ x − +8 x
3 0
 {
¿ ( 4 ) 2−
( 4 )3
3 }{
+8(4) − ( 0 )2−
( 0 )3
3
+8(0) }
2 2
¿ 26 unit s
3

2014
3)
a)
4 4

∫ { x ( x −2 ) } dx=∫(x 3−2 x )dx

2

2 2

[ ]
4
x4 2
¿ −x
4 2

The constant of integration is omitted in a definite integral as it cancels

out

{ }{ }
4
( 4)4 ( 2 )4
∫ { x ( x −2 ) } dx= 4 −( 4 ) − 4 −( 2 )2
2 2

¿ 48

b)
π
3 π

∫ ( 4 cos x +2 sin x ) dx =[ 4 sin x−2 cos x ] 03

0

[ ()
¿ 4 sin
π
3
−2cos
π
3 ( )]
− [ 4 sin (0)−2 cos ( 0 ) ]

¿ 2 √ 3+ 1

c)
 dy 2
i) dx
=6 x −1

∴ Equation of the curve is y=∫ ( 6 x2 −1 ) dx

3
y=2 x −x +c

Since ( 2 ,−5 ) lies on the curve

3
−5=2 ( 2 ) −( 2 ) +c
c=−19

∴ Equation of the curve is 3

y=2 x −x−19

ii) The region whose area is required lies entirely above the x axis
4

Area required ¿ ∫ ( 2 x 3−x−19 ) dx

3

[ ]
4
2 x 4 x2
¿ − −19 x
4 2 3

{ }{ }
4 2 4 2
2 (4 ) (4 ) 2 ( 3) ( 3)
¿ − −19(4) − − −19(3)
4 2 4 2
2
¿ 65 unit s

2015
4)
a) Let t=3 θ
dt
=3
dθ
dt
dθ=
3
 dt
∴∫ cos 3 θ dθ=∫ cos t
3
sin t
¿ +c
3
sin 3θ
¿ +c
3

[ ]
3 π

Hence ∫ cos 3θ dθ= sin33 θ +c 3

π
π 6
6

¿ { }{ }
sin 3

3
( π3 ) − sin 3( π6 )
3

1
¿−
3

b)
dy
i) dx
=14 at x=2
2
∴ 14=k ( 2 ) −k (2)
14=2 k
k =7

ii) The equation of the curve is

y=∫ ( 7 x 2−7 x ) dx
3 2
7x 7x
y= − +c
3 2

The point ( 2 , 3 ) lies on the curve. Therefore, the equation of the curve
must be ‘satisfied’ when x=2 and y=3
 3 2
7 ( 2 ) 7 (2 )
∴ 3= − +c
3 2
−5
c=
3
3 2
7x 7x 5
∴ The equation of the curve is found to be y=
3
−
2
−
3

c)

Volume, V =π ∫ y 2 dx
a
 1
¿ π ∫ ( x +1 ) dx
2 2

1
¿ π ∫ (x +2 x +1)dx
4 2

[ ]
1
x5 2 x3
¿π + +x
5 3 0

¿π { ( 1 )5 2 (1 )3
5
+
3
+(1) −
5
+}{
( 0 )5 2 ( 0 )3
3
+(0) }
28 3
¿ π unit s
15

2016
5)
a)
i) ∫ ( 3 cos θ−5 sin θ ) dθ=3∫ cos θ dθ−5∫ sin θ dθ
¿ 3 sin θ+5 cos θ+ c

ii)

[ ]
3 3
2
∫ x 2
−3+2 x3 dx =∫ ( 2 x −2 −3+2 x 3 ) dx
1 1

[ ]
3
−2 x4
¿ −3 x+ +c
x 2 1

[ ][ ]
4 4
−2 ( 3) −2 ( 1)
¿ −3 ( 3 ) + − −3 ( 1 ) +
3 2 1 2
1
¿ 35
3

b)
 b

The area of R=∫ y dx

a

2
¿ ∫ [ ( x−2 ) +5 ] dx
2

2
¿ ∫ ( x −4 x+ 4+ 5 ) dx
2

[ ]
2
x3 2
¿ −2 x +9 x+ c
3 1

¿ [ ( 2 )3
3
2
−2 (2 ) + 9(2) − ][
( 1 )3
3
2
]
−2 (1 ) + 9(1)

1 2
¿ 5 unit s
3

dy
c) The equation of a curve is y=∫ dx
dx

y=∫ ( 3 x 2−6 x ) dx
3 2
y=x −3 x +c

P ( 1 ,2 ) lies on the curve

3 2
2= (1 ) −3 ( 1 ) + c
c=4

∴The equation of the curve is 3 2

y=x −3 x +4

2017
6)
π
a) ∫ ( sin x + 4 cos x ) dx=[ −cos x +4 sin x ]04

[
¿ −cos ( π4 )+4 sin ( π4 )]−[−4 sin (0)]
3
¿ −(−1 )
√2
3
¿ +1
√2
3+ √ 2
¿
√2

×√
2
√2
3 √2+2
¿ ∎
2

dy
b) dx
=x+ 2

∴ The equation of the curve is y=∫ ( x +2 ) dx

y=∫ ( x +2 ) dx
2
x
y= +2 x+ c
2
P ( 2 ,3 ) lies on the curve
When x=2 , y=3, satisfies the equation
( 2 )2
3= + 2 ( 2 )+ c
2
c=−3

2
x
∴ The equation of the curve is y=
2
+2 x−3

c)
2 2

∫ ( 4−x ) dx=∫ ( 16−8 x + x 2 ) dx

2

1 1

[ ]
2
x3 2
¿ 16 x−4 x +
3 1

[
¿ 16 ( 2 ) −4 ( 2 )2 +
( 2 )3
3 ][
− 16 ( 1 )−4 ( 1 )2 +
( 1 )3
3 ]
1 2
¿ 6 unit s
3

d)
b
V =π ∫ y dx
2

()
2
x
¿ π∫ dx
0 2
6 2
x
¿ π∫ dx
0 4

[ ]
6
x3
¿π
12 0
¿π { ( 6 )3 ( 0 )3
12 12
− }
3
¿ 18 π unit s

2018
7)
a)

4π
The finite region bounded by y=sin x and x= 9 in the first quadrant is
shown shaded
4π
9
Area of the shaded region ¿ ∫ sin x dx
0

4π
¿ [ −cos x +c ]
9
0

[ ( )] [
¿ −cos
4π
9
− −cos ( 0 ) ]

¿ 0.826
 4π
The finite region bounded by y=cos x and x= 9 in the first quadrant is
shown by the shaded region
4π
9
Area of the shaded region ¿ ∫ cos x dx
0

4π
¿ [ sin x+ K ]
9
0

¿ sin ( 49π )−sin 0

¿ 0.985

0.826< 0.985
4π
Hence, the area bounded by y=sin x and x= 9 in the first quadrant is less
4π
than the area bounded by y=cos x and x= 9 in the first quadrant

b) The coefficient of x 2> 0 so the curve has a minimum point

The diagram below illustrates the shape of the solid generated

The volume of the solid generated

b
V =π ∫ y dx
2

4
¿ π ∫ ( x + x +3 ) dx
2 2

0
 4
¿ π ∫ ( x +2 x +7 x +6 x+ 9 ) dx
4 3 2

[ ]
4
x5 x4 7 x3 2
¿π + + +3 x +9 x +c
5 2 3 0

¿π [
( 4 )5 ( 4 )4 7 ( 4 )3
5
+
2
+
3 ]
+ 3 ( 4 )2+ 9(4 ) −( 0 )

8492 3
¿ π unit s
15

dy
c) y=∫ dx
dx

y=∫ (3 x−1 ) dx
2
3x
y= −x +c
2

A ( 4 ,1 ) lies on the curve

2
3 (4 )
1= −4+ c
2
c=−19

2
3x
∴ The equation of the curve is y=
2
−x −19

2019
8)
a) ∫ ( 3 cos x +2 sin x ) dx
¿ 3 sin x−2 cos x +c
 1
−1
b) x2 2
=x
x
4 −1

∫2 x 2
dx
1

[( ) ]
1 4
1 −1 2
x
2∫ x dx=2 2

4 1
2 1

[ { }] [ { }]
1 1
( 4)2 ( 1) 2
¿ 2 −2
1 1
2 2

¿4

c)
i) y=∫ (−2 x +1 ) dx
2
y=− x + x +c
2
4=− ( 2 ) + (2 )+ c
c=6

∴ The equation of the curve is 2

y=− x + x +6

ii) A=∫ −x + x +6 dx
2

[ ]
3
−x 3 x 2
¿ + +6 x
3 2 0
 [ ]
3 2
−( 3 ) ( 3 )
¿ + +6(3) −(0)
3 2
27 2
¿ unit s
2

2021
9)
a)
3 2
i) ∫ ( 2 x 2 +3 x ) dx = 2 x + 3 x +c
3 2

ii) ∫ 2 sin 3 x dx =2∫ sin 3 x dx

Let t=3 x
dt
=3
dx

dt
∫ 2 sin 3 x dx =2∫ sin t 3
2
¿
3
∫ sin t dt
2
¿ (−cos t ) +c
3
2
¿− cos 3 x+ c
3

b)
 π

Area of the shaded region ¿ ∫ 3 sin x dx

o

π
¿ 3∫ sin x dx
0

π
¿ 3 [ −cos x ] 0
¿3¿
2
¿ 6 unit s

c)
i) Let the velocity at time, t be v
v=∫ a dt

v=∫ t dt
2

3
t
v= + c
3

Since the particle started from rest, v=0 at t=0

( 0 )3
0= +c
3
c=0
 3
t
Hence, v= units s
3
−1

ii) Let s be the displacement from O at time t

s=∫ v dt
3
t
s=∫ dt
3
4
t
s= +k
4(3)
4
t
s= +k
12

s=0 at t=0
( 0 )4
0= +k
12
∴ k =0
4
t
s=
12

When t=0
( 0 )4
s= =0
12

When t=2
( 2 )4 1
s= =1
12 3
 1
∴ The displacement is 1 3 units

2022
10)
a) ∫ 4 cos θ−6 sin θ dθ
¿ 4 sin θ−6 (−cos θ ) +c
¿ 4 sin θ+6 cos θ+ c

b) ∫ ( 3−x ) dx
2

2
¿ ∫ ( 9−6 x+ x ) dx
2

[ ]
2
x3 2
¿ 9 x−3 x +
3 1

[
¿ 9 ( 2 ) −3 ( 2 )2+
3 ][
( 2 )3
− 9 (1 )−3 ( 1 )2+
( 1 )3
3 ]
2
¿2
3

c)
 2
A=∫ 5+5 x−x dx
2

[ ]
2
5 x2 x3
¿ 5 x+ −
2 3 0

[ ]
2 3
5 ( 2) ( 2)
¿ 5 ( 2) + − −( 0 )
2 3
2 2
¿ 17 unit s
3

d) t=2, v=4 and s=6

a=3 t−1

v=∫ ( 3 t −1 ) dt
2
3t
v= −t+ c
2

When t=2 and v=4

2
3 (2)
4= −( 2 ) +c
2
c=0

2
3t
v= −t
2

When t=4
2
3 ( 4)
v= −(4)
2
−1
v=20 m s