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Data Consistency

Data consistency ensures the accuracy and uniformity of data across different systems, preventing corruption and maintaining integrity. It includes types such as strong, eventual, causal, and weak consistency, each with specific use cases and guarantees. Techniques to maintain data consistency involve locking mechanisms, timestamps, checksums, and two-phase commit protocols.

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11 views2 pages

Data Consistency

Data consistency ensures the accuracy and uniformity of data across different systems, preventing corruption and maintaining integrity. It includes types such as strong, eventual, causal, and weak consistency, each with specific use cases and guarantees. Techniques to maintain data consistency involve locking mechanisms, timestamps, checksums, and two-phase commit protocols.

Uploaded by

dediho4473
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Consistency – Detailed Explanation

Definition:
Data consistency refers to the accuracy and uniformity of data across different storage locations,
systems, or databases. It ensures that data remains correct, valid, and unchanged during read/write
operations, replication, or transfer.

Importance of Data Consistency:

• Prevents data corruption or mismatches.

• Maintains integrity across distributed systems.

• Essential for database reliability and transactional systems.

• Ensures users and applications always see the same version of the data.

Types of Data Consistency:

1. Strong Consistency

o Guarantees that every read receives the most recent write.

o Common in centralized systems.

o Example: Banking systems (balances must always be accurate).

2. Eventual Consistency

o Data updates propagate gradually, and all nodes will eventually become consistent.

o Used in distributed systems like NoSQL databases.

o Example: Amazon DynamoDB, where immediate accuracy is not critical.

3. Causal Consistency

o Ensures that causally related operations are seen in the same order.

o Balances performance with some level of consistency.

4. Weak Consistency

o No guarantees about when updates will be seen.

o Fast and efficient, but suitable only for non-critical data.

Data Consistency in Storage Systems:

• File Systems: Use journaling to ensure consistency after crashes.

• Databases: Use ACID properties:


o Atomicity

o Consistency

o Isolation

o Durability

• RAID Systems: Ensure parity and mirroring are consistent across disks.

• Replication Systems: Ensure data copies remain synchronized across servers.

Techniques to Maintain Data Consistency:

• Locking mechanisms (pessimistic or optimistic)

• Timestamps and versioning

• Checksums and data validation

• Two-phase commit protocols

• Conflict resolution strategies (in eventual consistency systems)

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