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Ss1 2nd Term Week 3 Lesson Notes-2

The document provides an overview of programming languages, emphasizing their role in problem-solving and software development. It categorizes programming languages into three levels: machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages, detailing their features and applications. Examples of each level are given, illustrating their complexity and usage in various contexts.

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14 views2 pages

Ss1 2nd Term Week 3 Lesson Notes-2

The document provides an overview of programming languages, emphasizing their role in problem-solving and software development. It categorizes programming languages into three levels: machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages, detailing their features and applications. Examples of each level are given, illustrating their complexity and usage in various contexts.

Uploaded by

modupeoluwa.tomisin10
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SS1 2ND TERM LESSON NOTES

WEEK: 3

TOPIC: Developing Problem-Solving Skills – Programming Language

Topic Overview

Programming languages are tools used to communicate instructions to a computer. They play a
crucial role in solving computational problems, building software, and driving technological
advancements. Understanding the levels and features of programming languages enables
efficient problem-solving in various contexts.

Key Concepts

1. Definition of Programming Language

A programming language is a structured set of instructions that enables humans to communicate


with computers and command them to perform specific tasks. Programming languages can be
used to:

 Create software applications.


 Automate repetitive tasks.
 Analyze and manipulate data.
 Develop websites, games, and more.

2. Levels of Programming Languages

Programming languages are categorized into three main levels based on their complexity and
proximity to machine code:

a. Machine Language (Low-Level)

 The lowest level of programming languages, consisting of binary code (0s and 1s).
 Directly executed by the computer’s hardware.
 Extremely fast but hard to write and understand.
 Example: 10100110 11001100 (binary code for specific machine instructions).

b. Assembly Language (Low-Level)

 Uses mnemonic codes and symbols instead of binary, making it more readable.
 Requires an assembler to translate it into machine code.
 Hardware-specific and used for system-level programming.
 Example: MOV AX, BX (moves data from one register to another).

c. High-Level Languages

 Closer to human language and easier to learn and use.


 Portable across different hardware platforms.
 Requires a compiler or interpreter to translate into machine code.
 Examples: Python, Java, C++, JavaScript.

Features of Each Level

Level Features Examples


Machine Fast, hardware-specific, difficult to debug and Binary code (e.g.,
Language maintain. 101010).
Assembly Easier than binary, hardware-dependent, ARM Assembly, x86
Language requires assembler. Assembly.
High-Level
Portable, user-friendly, supports abstraction. Python, Java, JavaScript.
Language

Comparison of Programming Language Levels

Criterion Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language


Hard to learn and Easier than binary but
Ease of Use Easy to learn and use.
debug. complex.
Fast but hardware- Slower but optimized with
Performance Fastest execution.
specific. compilers/interpreters.
Not portable
Portability Not portable. Highly portable.
(hardware-specific).
System-level
Applications Embedded systems. Application and web development.
programming.

Examples

1. Machine Language Example

 Binary code: 10110000 01100001 (represents a specific operation on hardware).

2. Assembly Language Example

 Mnemonic: MOV AX, BX (copies data from register BX to AX).

3. High-Level Language Example

 Python code: print("Hello, World!") (displays the text "Hello, World!").


 Java code: System.out.println("Hello, World!");

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