PHYSICAL
PHARMACEUTICS-II
UP23BP243B
Dr. Saniya Jawed
Department of Pharmaceutics
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II UP23BP243B
Unit 3: Coarse Dispersion
Dr. Saniya Jawed
Department of Pharmaceutics
Content
• Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in
suspensions, formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions.
Emulsions and theories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple
emulsions; Stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological
properties of emulsions and emulsion formulation by HLB method
Learning Outcome
➢ After this session, students will be able to understand
✓How emulsion are formulated by HLB method?
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Emulsion formulation by HLB method
Selection of oil phase
• A variety of substances have been used for oil phase. A few examples are
1. Fixed oils (corn, soya, bean, peanut, sunflower oils).
2. Aliphatic hydrocarbons (liquid paraffin, turpentine oil)
3. Bees wax, spermaceti
4. Glycerides
5. Fatty acids and alcohols
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Emulsion formulation by HLB method
• Selection of oil phase is determined by several factors.
1. Desired physical property of the product.
2. Potential toxicity of the oil to the route of administration.
3. Solubility of active product in the oil.
4. Consistency of the product qualities.
5. Any possible incompatibilities.
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Emulsion formulation by HLB method
Selection of aqueous phase
• Mostly water is used.
• Addition of sweeteners and flavouring agents.
• Sensitivity of skin and nature of absorption determine the pH of aqueous
phase.
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Emulsion formulation by HLB method
Selection of aqueous phase
• In addition, electrolytes and preservatives are included.
• Based on the factors optimum volume of aqueous phase should be
decided.
• Appropriate phase volume ratio should be selected.
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Emulsion formulation by HLB method
Selection of emulsifying agent
• Emulsifying agent is selected based on type of emulsion required. Selection of
emulsifying agent is also based on the intended use (internal or external use).
• For internal use: non-ionic and water-soluble emulsifying agents.
• For external use: both ionic and non-ionic emulsifying agents.
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Emulsion formulation by HLB method
Based on guiding principle of Bancroft rule:
• An emulsifying agent with a high HLB is preferentially soluble in water and
results in the formation of an o/w emulsion.
• An emulsifying agent with a low HLB, tend to form w/o emulsions as those are
preferentially oil soluble.
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Emulsion formulation by HLB method
HLB method: The type of emulsion that is produced, o/w or w/o, depends
primarily on the property of the emulsifying agent.
• This characteristic is referred to as the hydrophile–lipophile balance, that is, the
polar–nonpolar nature of the emulsifier.
• A surfactant is an emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent, or solubilizing agent can
be predicted from a knowledge of the HLB
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Emulsion formulation by HLB method
• o/w emulsions are formed when the HLB of the emulsifier is within the range
of about 9 to 12,
• w/o emulsions are formed when the range is about 3 to 6.
• Optimum concentration can be considered around 2% w/w and 5% w/w is
maximum.
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Emulsion formulation by HLB method
• Small-scale preparation:
• Wet gum method
• Dry gum method
• Hand-operated homogenisers
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
Emulsion formulation by HLB method
• Large-scale preparation:
• Ordinary agitators
• Mechanical mixers
• Propeller type mixers
• Turbine mixers
• Colloid mills
• Ultrasonic devices
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-I – UP23BP242A
Question Bank
1. Discuss the formulation of emulsion by HLB method.
THANK YOU
Dr. Saniya Jawed
Department of Pharmaceutics
saniyajawed@pes.edu
