Exp No.

1:

a.)
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import cv2

img_color = cv2.imread('lavender.jpg',1)
img_grayscale = cv2.imread('lavender.jpg',0)
img_unchanged = cv2.imread('lavender.jpg',-1)

plt.imshow(img_color)
plt.show()
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img_color, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.show()
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img_grayscale, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.show()

b.)
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

image_path = 'lavender.jpg'
image = cv2.imread(image_path)
print("Original Image:")
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

# Resize the image to a specific size (e.g., 300x300 pixels)

resized_image_fixed = cv2.resize(image, (300, 300), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
print("Resized Image (300x300):")
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(resized_image_fixed, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

# Resize the image by scale factors (e.g., half the size)

resized_image_scaled = cv2.resize(image, None, fx=0.5, fy=0.5,
interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
print("Resized Image (50% of original size):")
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(resized_image_scaled, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

c.)
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

# Manually provide the image path here

file_name = 'lavender.jpg' # <-- Change this to your image file path

# Read the image using OpenCV

image = cv2.imread(file_name)

# Check if image loaded successfully

if image is None:
print(f"Error: Could not load image from {file_name}. Please check the file.")
else:
# Convert BGR to RGB for proper display in matplotlib
def show_image(img, title):
 plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.title(title)
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

print(f"Uploaded file: {file_name}")

print("Uploaded Image:")
show_image(image, "Original Image")

# Rotate 90 degrees clockwise

rotated_90_cw = cv2.rotate(image, cv2.ROTATE_90_CLOCKWISE)
print("Image Rotated 90 Degrees Clockwise:")
show_image(rotated_90_cw, "Rotated 90° CW")

# Rotate 90 degrees counterclockwise

rotated_90_ccw = cv2.rotate(image, cv2.ROTATE_90_COUNTERCLOCKWISE)
print("Image Rotated 90 Degrees Counterclockwise:")
show_image(rotated_90_ccw, "Rotated 90° CCW")

# Rotate 180 degrees

rotated_180 = cv2.rotate(image, cv2.ROTATE_180)
print("Image Rotated 180 Degrees:")
show_image(rotated_180, "Rotated 180°")

// w/o inbuilt function

import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

# Manually provide the image path here

file_name = 'lavender.jpg' # <-- Change this to your image file path

# Read the image using OpenCV

image = cv2.imread(file_name)

# Check if image loaded successfully

if image is None:
print(f"Error: Could not load image from {file_name}. Please check the file.")
else:
# Helper to display image
def show_image(img, title):
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.title(title)
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

print(f"Uploaded file: {file_name}")

print("Uploaded Image:")
show_image(image, "Original Image")

# Get image dimensions

h, w = image.shape[:2]

# 90 Degrees Clockwise: Transpose + horizontal flip

rotated_90_cw = np.transpose(image, (1, 0, 2))[:, ::-1]
print("Image Rotated 90 Degrees Clockwise:")
show_image(rotated_90_cw, "Rotated 90° CW (Manual)")
 # 90 Degrees Counterclockwise: Transpose + vertical flip
rotated_90_ccw = np.transpose(image, (1, 0, 2))[::-1, :]
print("Image Rotated 90 Degrees Counterclockwise:")
show_image(rotated_90_ccw, "Rotated 90° CCW (Manual)")

# 180 Degrees: Flip both horizontally and vertically

rotated_180 = image[::-1, ::-1]
print("Image Rotated 180 Degrees:")
show_image(rotated_180, "Rotated 180° (Manual)")

d.)
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

# Manually provide the paths of the two images

image_path1 = 'fl1.bmp' # <-- Change this to the path of the first image
image_path2 = 'flower.jpg' # <-- Change this to the path of the second image

# Read both images using OpenCV

img1 = cv2.imread(image_path1)
img2 = cv2.imread(image_path2)

# Check if both images loaded successfully

if img1 is None or img2 is None:
print("One or both images could not be loaded. Please check the file paths and
formats.")
else:
# Step: Resize both images to the same dimensions
height, width = 300, 300 # Desired size for resizing
img1_resized = cv2.resize(img1, (width, height))
img2_resized = cv2.resize(img2, (width, height))

# Convert BGR to RGB for proper display in matplotlib

def show_image(img, title):
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.title(title)
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

print("First Image (Resized):")

show_image(img1_resized, "First Image")

print("Second Image (Resized):")

show_image(img2_resized, "Second Image")

# Step: Add the two images

added_image = cv2.add(img1_resized, img2_resized)

print("Added Image:")
show_image(added_image, "Added Image")

e.)
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Manually provide the image path here

image_path = 'lavender.jpg' # <-- Change this to your image file path
# Read the image using OpenCV
image = cv2.imread(image_path)

# Check if image loaded successfully

if image is None:
print(f"Error: Could not load image from {image_path}. Please check the file.")
else:
# Display the original image using matplotlib
image_rgb = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) # Convert BGR to RGB for
matplotlib
plt.imshow(image_rgb)
plt.title("Original Image")
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

# Define the channels and colors for plotting the histograms

channels = ['Blue', 'Green', 'Red']
colors = ['b', 'g', 'r']

# Create a plot for histograms

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
for i, color in enumerate(colors):
# Calculate histogram for each channel
hist = cv2.calcHist([image], [i], None, [256], [0, 256])
plt.plot(hist, color=color, label=f"{channels[i]} Channel")

# Customize the plot

plt.title("RGB Histogram")
plt.xlabel("Pixel Intensity")
plt.ylabel("Frequency")
plt.legend()
plt.grid()
plt.show()

// w/o inbuilt function

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Manually provide the image path here

image_path = 'lavender.jpg' # <-- Change this to your image file path

# Read the image using OpenCV

image = cv2.imread(image_path)

# Check if image loaded successfully

if image is None:
print(f"Error: Could not load image from {image_path}. Please check the file.")
else:
# Display the original image using matplotlib
image_rgb = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) # Convert BGR to RGB for
matplotlib
plt.imshow(image_rgb)
plt.title("Original Image")
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
 # Define the channels and colors for plotting the histograms
channels = ['Blue', 'Green', 'Red']
colors = ['b', 'g', 'r']

# Create a plot for histograms

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
for i, color in enumerate(colors):
# Manually calculate histogram for each channel
channel_data = image[:, :, i] # Extract the i-th channel (Blue=0, Green=1,
Red=2)

# Calculate the histogram

hist = np.zeros(256, dtype=int)
for pixel_value in channel_data.flatten():
hist[pixel_value] += 1

plt.plot(hist, color=color, label=f"{channels[i]} Channel")

# Customize the plot

plt.title("RGB Histogram (Manual)")
plt.xlabel("Pixel Intensity")
plt.ylabel("Frequency")
plt.legend()
plt.grid()
plt.show()

f.)
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Manually provide the image path here

image_path = 'lavender.jpg' # <-- Change this to your image file path

# Load the image in grayscale

image = cv2.imread(image_path, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

# Check if the image loaded successfully

if image is None:
print(f"Error: Could not load image from {image_path}. Please check the file.")
else:
# Apply simple thresholding
threshold_value = 127
max_value = 255
_, binary_thresh = cv2.threshold(image, threshold_value, max_value,
cv2.THRESH_BINARY)

# Function to display images using matplotlib

def show_image(img, title):
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray') # 'gray' colormap for grayscale images
plt.title(title)
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

print("Original Image:")
show_image(image, "Original Image")

print("Thresholded Image (Binary):")

show_image(binary_thresh, "Thresholded Image")
g.)
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Manually provide the image path here

image_path = 'lavender.jpg' # <-- Change this to your image file path

# Load the image using OpenCV

image = cv2.imread(image_path)

# Convert the image to grayscale

gray_image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# Add noise to the image using cv2.randn

mean = 0
stddev = 50
noise = np.zeros_like(gray_image, dtype=np.int16) # Create a noise array
cv2.randn(noise, mean, stddev) # Fill the noise array with random values

# Add noise to the grayscale image (clip to valid range)

noisy_image = cv2.add(gray_image, noise, dtype=cv2.CV_8U)

# Function to display images using matplotlib

def show_image(img, title):
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray') # Use 'gray' colormap for grayscale images
plt.title(title)
plt.axis('off') # Hide axes
plt.show()

# Display original grayscale image

print("Original Grayscale Image:")
show_image(gray_image, "Original Grayscale Image")

# Display noisy image

print("Noisy Image:")
show_image(noisy_image, "Noisy Image")