UNIT- 3

COLLABORATING USING CLOUD SERVICES

What is Cloud Collaboration?
Cloud collaboration enables employees to work together seamlessly on documents and files stored off-premises or
outside the company's firewall. This collaborative process occurs when a user creates or uploads a file online and shares
access with other individuals, allowing them to share, edit, and view documents in real-time. All changes made are
automatically saved and synced to the cloud, ensuring that all users have access to the latest version of the document.
Cloud collaboration is essential for modern businesses looking to enhance teamwork, productivity, and adaptability
in an increasingly digital and remote work environment. By leveraging the right cloud collaboration tools and implementing
best practices, organizations can streamline workflows, improve communication, and achieve better outcomes.
Benefits of Cloud Collaboration:
1. Improved Team Collaboration: Storing documents in a shared online location makes it easier for team members
to access and collaborate on them. This eliminates the need for constant emailing of files and ensures everyone is
on the same page, leading to enhanced teamwork and smoother discussions.
2. Faster Access to Large Files: Cloud collaboration allows for the quick sharing of large files without the limitations
of email servers. This is crucial for teams, especially those working remotely, as it eliminates delays and distribution
challenges associated with offline file sharing methods.
3. Support for Remote Employees: Cloud-based collaboration tools empower remote teams to collaborate
effectively regardless of their geographical locations. This flexibility is vital for the success of remote teams and
ensures they can work efficiently without being tied to a physical office.
4. Embracing BYOD Trend: Cloud collaboration aligns with the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) trend, enabling
employees to access work-related files and data from their personal devices without the need for complex network
setups or VPNs. This increases productivity and employee satisfaction.
Top Cloud Collaboration Features:

1. Internet Access to Files: Cloud collaboration tools should be accessible via web browsers or mobile devices, with

offline support for editing and viewing files.

2. Real-Time Communication: Features like instant messaging, team channels, and comments facilitate real-time

communication and collaboration within the tool itself.

3. Custom Permission Levels: Tools should allow administrators to set custom permission levels for different users,

ensuring data security and control over file access.

4. Version Control: Automatic syncing and version control ensure that users always have access to the latest version

of documents while tracking changes and revisions.

5. Centralized File Storage: Cloud collaboration tools should provide a centralized repository for storing all work-

related data securely and facilitating easy access for team members.
Challenges in Implementing Cloud Collaboration:

1. Application Overload: Managing multiple cloud collaboration apps alongside existing systems can lead to

confusion and duplication of efforts.

2. Lack of Collaboration Strategy: Without a clear collaboration strategy and practices, adopting cloud collaboration tools may
not yield optimal results.

Best Practices for Cloud Collaboration:

1. Access Settings: Organize teams and control access permissions to ensure data security and privacy.

2. Choose the Right Tool: Select a cloud collaboration tool that aligns with your organization's needs, security standards,
and integrates seamlessly with existing systems.

3. Layered Security: Implement multiple layers of security to protect assets and data beyond the company firewall. 4. End-User
Training: Train employees on using the collaboration tool effectively and adhere to security protocol.

Cloud Collaboration Tools:

Popular cloud collaboration tools include:
Communication Tools: Cisco Webex, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, etc.
Cloud Storage: Dropbox, Google Docs, WeTransfer, etc.
Project Management: Asana, Trello, Microsoft Teams, etc.
Code Collaboration: Atlassian's Bitbucket, Microsoft's GitHub, etc.

Email Communication over the Cloud

Understanding Cloud Email: How It Works, Benefits, and Popular Providers
Cloud email refers to an email delivery and storage method hosted by an external provider, as opposed to on-
premise email hosting which relies on internal servers within an organization's infrastructure. The shift towards cloud-based
email services has gained momentum due to the increasing trend of remote work and the need for scalable, accessible
solutions. Let's delve deeper into what cloud email is, how it works, its advantages over on-premises solutions, popular
providers, and key benefits.
Cloud-based email services offer numerous advantages, including cost-effectiveness, scalability, remote
accessibility, uptime reliability, reduced maintenance burden, and enhanced security. Organizations can choose from a
variety of reputable providers based on their specific requirements, making cloud email a compelling choice for modern
businesses seeking efficient and secure communication solutions.
What is Cloud Email?
Cloud-based email services are hosted and maintained by third-party providers who manage email delivery, storage,
security, and maintenance. Users can securely send, receive, and store emails without the need for in-house server
infrastructure. Notable cloud email providers include Google Gmail, Microsoft Outlook, Hubspot, and ProtonMail, each
offering unique features tailored to different organizational needs.
How Cloud Email Works
Cloud email providers utilize remote cloud-based servers to send, receive, and store emails. While the delivery and storage
mechanisms differ from traditional on-premise solutions, the fundamental process of email communication remains the
same regardless of the hosting environment.
On-Premises vs. Cloud Email
On-premise email hosting involves setting up and maintaining email servers within an organization's premises, requiring
dedicated IT resources and infrastructure. In contrast, cloud email eliminates the need for physical servers, offering cost
savings, scalability, remote access, improved uptime, and reduced maintenance overhead.
Benefits of Cloud Email
1. Cost Savings: Cloud email services typically result in cost savings as organizations no longer need to invest in
hardware, maintenance, and IT support for email servers.
2. Remote Access: Cloud email enables users to access emails from any device with an internet connection, enhancing
productivity for remote and hybrid work setups.
3. Scalability: Cloud email solutions offer scalability, allowing organizations to easily adjust storage capacity and
user counts to accommodate growth.
4. Improved Uptime: Cloud-based providers ensure high uptime by leveraging redundant servers, minimizing
downtime and ensuring continuous email functionality.
5. Less Maintenance: With cloud email, maintenance tasks are handled by the provider, freeing up internal resources
to focus on core business operations.
6. Built-in Security: Cloud email providers offer robust security measures, including spam filtering, malware
protection, encryption, and advanced threat detection.

Popular Cloud Email Providers

1. Google Gmail: With 1.5 billion users, Gmail offers reliability, accessibility, and integration with Google
Workspace tools, making it a popular choice for businesses.
2. Microsoft Outlook: Outlook, particularly for Office 365 users, provides powerful email management features,
integration with OneDrive and third-party apps, and intuitive calendar functionalities.
3. Hubspot: Hubspot is tailored for marketing email campaigns, offering tools for creating, personalizing, and
analyzing email campaigns with detailed engagement metrics.
4. ProtonMail: Known for its focus on security and privacy, ProtonMail offers end-to-end encryption, address
verification, and enhanced privacy features, making it ideal for sensitive communications.

Key Benefits of Moving to Cloud Email

1. Cost Savings: Cloud email services eliminate upfront infrastructure costs and reduce ongoing maintenance
expenses.
2. More Uptime: Cloud providers ensure high availability and disaster recovery, minimizing email downtime and
improving business continuity.
3. Scalability: Organizations can easily scale email capacity and features based on evolving business needs without
hardware investments.
4. Remote Access: Cloud email enables seamless access from anywhere, facilitating remote work and enhancing
productivity.
5. Improved Security: Cloud providers invest in advanced security measures, offering better data protection and threat
mitigation compared to on-premise solutions.
 CRM Management

What Is CRM?

CRM, or Customer Relationship Management, encompasses all the tools, techniques, strategies, and technologies used by
organizations to manage and improve customer relationships, as well as customer data acquisition, retention, and analysis.It
involves storing customer data such as demographics, purchase behavior, history, and interactions to foster strong relationships,
enhance sales, and boost profits.

What Is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the internet, allowing users to access computing
resources such as storage, databases, and processing power remotely, without the need for physical infrastructure. Examples
cloud computing providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Rackspace, and Dropbox.

What Is CRM in Cloud Computing?

CRM in cloud computing refers to CRM software that is accessible to customers via the internet in a cloud-based form.
Many organizations adopt CRM cloud solutions to enable easy access to customer information online, often accessible even
through mobile devices. CRM cloud systems facilitate information sharing, backup, storage, and global accessibility.
Types of CRM Systems
In cloud computing, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems are delivered as a service over the internet, offering
flexibility, scalability, and ease of access. There are several types of CRM that can be deployed in the cloud, each focusing on
different aspects of customer management. Here's a breakdown:

1. Operational CRM
●​ Purpose: Automates and streamlines business processes related to sales, marketing, and customer service.​

●​ Key Features:​

○​ Contact management​

○​ Lead and opportunity management​

○​ Marketing automation​

○​ Service automation​

●​ Example Cloud CRM Tools: Salesforce, HubSpot CRM, Zoho CRM​

2. Analytical CRM
●​ Purpose: Analyzes customer data to improve decision-making and strategies.​

●​ Key Features:​

○​ Data mining and pattern analysis​

 ○​ Customer segmentation​

○​ Predictive analytics​

○​ Reporting and dashboards​

●​ Example Cloud CRM Tools: SAP CRM, Oracle CRM Analytics​

3. Collaborative CRM (or Strategic CRM)

●​ Purpose: Enhances communication and collaboration across departments and with customers.​

●​ Key Features:​

○​ Interaction management​

○​ Multi-channel communication (email, chat, social media)​

○​ Shared customer information​

○​ Partner and supplier relationship management​

●​ Example Cloud CRM Tools: Microsoft Dynamics 365, Freshworks CRM

4. Campaign Management CRM

●​ Purpose: Combines features of operational and analytical CRM to manage marketing campaigns.​

●​ Key Features:​

○​ Campaign planning and execution​

○​ Performance tracking​

○​ Email marketing integration​

○​ ROI analysis​

●​ Example Cloud CRM Tools: Mailchimp CRM, ActiveCampaign

5. Social CRM
●​ Purpose: Integrates social media platforms with CRM to better engage with customers.​

●​ Key Features:​

○​ Social listening and monitoring​

○​ Social media analytics​

 ○​ Engagement tracking​

○​ Influencer and community management​

●​ Example Cloud CRM Tools: Sprout Social, Hootsuite CRM, Nimble​

Key Components of CRM

1.​ Contact Management​

○​ Stores customer information (name, email, phone, social profiles, etc.)​

○​ Tracks communication history for easy reference​

2.​ Sales Management​

○​ Manages sales pipeline, leads, and deals​

○​ Tracks performance, sets goals, and forecasts sales​

3.​ Marketing Automation​

○​ Automated email campaigns, lead nurturing, and segmentation​

○​ Analyzes campaign performance and customer engagement​

4.​ Customer Service & Support​

○​ Handles customer queries through tickets, live chat, and knowledge base​

○​ Tracks resolution times and customer satisfaction​

5.​ Workflow Automation​

○​ Automates repetitive tasks like follow-ups and reminders​

○​ Improves efficiency and reduces manual work​

6.​ Analytics & Reporting​

○​ Generates reports and dashboards on sales, marketing, and customer behavior​

○​ Provides insights for data-driven decision-making​

7.​ Integration Capabilities​

○​ Integrates with email, social media, ERP, and third-party tools​

○​ Enables centralized data and streamlined processes​

8.​ Mobile CRM​

 ○​ Offers CRM access via mobile apps​

○​ Useful for remote teams and on-the-go updates​

9.​ Lead & Opportunity Management​

○​ Tracks potential customers (leads) and their progress​

○​ Helps prioritize and convert leads into paying customers

Benefits of CRM
1.​ Improved Customer Relationships​

○​ Centralized data helps personalize interactions​

○​ Builds trust and long-term relationships​

2.​ Better Customer Service​

○​ Quick access to customer history for faster issue resolution​

○​ Enhances customer satisfaction and loyalty​

3.​ Increased Sales​

○​ Tracks leads and sales opportunities efficiently​

○​ Automates follow-ups and reminders​

4.​ Enhanced Productivity and Efficiency​

○​ Automates repetitive tasks (emails, reports, workflows)​

○​ Allows teams to focus on high-value activities​

5.​ Centralized Information​

○​ All customer data stored in one place​

○​ Accessible to marketing, sales, and support teams​

6.​ Data-Driven Decision Making​

○​ Real-time analytics and reporting tools​

○​ Helps in strategy planning and forecasting​

7.​ Better Marketing Campaigns​

○​ Customer segmentation for targeted marketing​

 ○​ Tracks campaign performance and ROI​

8.​ Improved Collaboration​

○​ Teams can share customer information easily​

○​ Breaks down departmental silos​

9.​ Customer Retention​

○​ Monitors satisfaction levels and sends timely follow-ups​

○​ Identifies and prevents customer churn​

10.​ Mobile Access​

●​ Access CRM data anytime, anywhere​

●​ Great for remote teams and field agents​

Choosing a Cloud CRM

When selecting a cloud-based CRM, organizations should consider:

1.​ Business Requirements – Identify the specific features needed to meet goals and customer expectations.​

2.​ Budget and Cost – Review pricing, subscription plans, and total cost of ownership for affordability.​

3.​ Scalability – Ensure the CRM can grow with the business and support more users or features.​

4.​ Integration Capabilities – Check compatibility with existing systems and third-party tools.​

5.​ Support and Training – Look for strong customer support and training to aid smooth implementation and adoption.

EXAMPLES OF CRM

Salesforce is one of the most powerful and widely used cloud-based CRM platforms in the world. It offers a wide range of
features including lead and opportunity management, workflow automation, customer support, and advanced analytics. What sets
Salesforce apart is its high level of customization and scalability, making it suitable for businesses of all sizes, especially large
enterprises. The platform also includes artificial intelligence capabilities through Einstein AI, which helps users gain predictive
insights and automate complex processes. Additionally, Salesforce has a vast marketplace called AppExchange that allows
businesses to extend CRM functionality with various third-party apps.

HubSpot CRM is known for its simplicity and ease of use. It is particularly popular among startups and small to medium-sized
businesses because it offers a free version with essential CRM features. HubSpot focuses on aligning marketing, sales, and
customer service efforts. It includes tools for contact management, email tracking, sales pipeline visualization, and marketing
automation. One of its key strengths is its integration with HubSpot’s broader marketing platform, making it a powerful choice
for inbound marketing strategies. Businesses can start small with the free version and scale up as they grow.

Zoho CRM is another cloud-based solution that caters to businesses looking for a cost-effective yet feature-rich CRM. It supports
sales automation, multi-channel communication, customer analytics, and artificial intelligence through its smart assistant, Zia.
The platform is highly customizable and offers a variety of modules for marketing, sales, and support functions. Zoho CRM also
integrates well with other Zoho applications as well as third-party tools, making it a flexible solution for small to medium-sized
enterprises that require collaboration across different teams.

Microsoft Dynamics 365 is a cloud-based CRM and ERP suite that offers deep integration with Microsoft products like Office
365 and Azure. It is designed for enterprises that need advanced data analytics, customer service management, and sales
forecasting. Dynamics 365 combines operational and analytical CRM capabilities, providing users with real-time insights through
embedded AI tools. Its strong data connectivity and seamless workflow with Microsoft apps make it ideal for large businesses
already using the Microsoft ecosystem. It supports a modular approach, allowing businesses to purchase only the tools they need.

Freshsales is a modern, intuitive CRM platform designed primarily for sales teams. It offers built-in phone and email features, a
visual sales pipeline, AI-based lead scoring, and automated workflows. It is easy to set up and use, making it suitable for small
and medium-sized businesses that want a sales-focused CRM without the complexity. Freshsales stands out for its affordable
pricing and responsive customer support, providing all the essential tools to manage leads, track customer interactions, and
improve conversion rates.

Pipedrive is a sales-centric CRM known for its visual and user-friendly interface. It is designed to help small businesses and sales
teams manage leads and deals more effectively. Users can easily track each opportunity through the sales pipeline and set up
automated tasks and reminders to follow up with potential clients. While it may not have the extensive features of enterprise-level
CRMs, its simplicity and focus on boosting sales performance make it a favorite among startups and growing companies.

Insightly combines CRM features with project management capabilities, making it ideal for businesses that need to manage
customer relationships and internal projects in one place. It offers lead and opportunity management, workflow automation, email
templates, and seamless integration with apps like G Suite and Microsoft 365. Insightly is best suited for small to mid-sized
businesses that want both CRM and project tracking tools without the need for separate platforms.

Project Management in Cloud Computing

Project management in cloud computing has become a powerful approach for modern businesses to efficiently plan, execute, and
monitor their projects. With cloud technology, organizations no longer need to rely on traditional, on-premise systems. Instead,
they can access robust project management tools through the internet, which offers faster deployment, easier accessibility, and
enhanced collaboration. These cloud-based systems are designed to support teams of all sizes by providing centralized control,
real-time updates, and improved transparency throughout the project lifecycle.

One of the most notable advantages of cloud-based project management is its easy setup and minimal installation
requirements. There is no need for complex hardware or software installations, and the interface is typically intuitive and
user-friendly. This allows organizations to onboard team members quickly and get projects running without delays.

Another key benefit is seamless collaboration. Cloud platforms enable teams—regardless of their physical location—to
communicate and work together in real time. Features such as shared task boards, file storage, live comments, and integrated chat
tools help improve communication, foster teamwork, and keep everyone aligned with project goals. This is especially valuable in
remote and hybrid work environments.

Cloud project management also brings increased efficiency by centralizing project data and automating repetitive tasks.
Managers can easily track project status, assign responsibilities, and monitor deadlines, while team members receive real-time
updates and reminders. This leads to quicker decision-making, better time management, and optimized resource utilization.

Another critical aspect is the reduction in maintenance and infrastructure costs. Since cloud service providers handle system
updates, data backups, and security enhancements, organizations do not need to invest heavily in IT support or additional
hardware. This not only lowers operational costs but also ensures the platform is always up to date with the latest features.

In terms of security, cloud-based project management platforms offer advanced protection, including encrypted communication,
user access controls, and compliance with data privacy regulations. These measures help ensure that sensitive project information
remains secure and accessible only to authorized users.
Cloud platforms are also known for their scalability and flexibility. Organizations can easily adjust the number of users, storage
space, or features as project demands change. Whether scaling up for a large project or scaling down during slower periods, cloud
systems adapt without the need for restructuring or reinstallation.

Moreover, using these systems often results in improved employee satisfaction. The simplicity, accessibility, and collaborative
nature of cloud tools empower employees to manage their tasks more effectively and stay connected with their teams. This
creates a more organized, less stressful work environment, boosting morale and productivity.

Examples of Cloud-Based Project Management Tools

Several popular tools offer cloud-based project management solutions, each catering to different needs:

●​ ClickUp: A versatile tool that provides features like task tracking, goal setting, time management, automation, and
real-time collaboration. It’s ideal for both individual users and large teams looking for an all-in-one platform.​

●​ Monday.com: Known for its visually appealing interface, it helps teams organize work using customizable boards,
dashboards, and workflow automation. It’s widely used by marketing, sales, and creative teams for its simplicity and
clarity.​

●​ Smartsheet: Combines the functionality of spreadsheets with project management capabilities. It allows for detailed
planning, resource allocation, reporting, and automation—making it suitable for data-driven projects.​

These tools demonstrate the diversity and effectiveness of cloud-based project management solutions. They help
organizations manage projects more efficiently, ensure better team coordination, and adapt to changing business needs with ease

Event Management in Cloud Computing

Event management in cloud computing refers to the use of cloud-based platforms and services to plan, organize, execute, and
evaluate events of various scales—ranging from small webinars to large-scale conferences and corporate gatherings. Cloud
technology has revolutionized the way events are managed, making the process more efficient, scalable, and accessible, while
reducing operational costs and enhancing participant engagement.

With cloud computing, event managers can handle all aspects of event planning through a centralized, web-based system. These
systems offer a wide array of tools for registration management, ticketing, attendee communication, scheduling, resource
allocation, and post-event analysis. Since everything is hosted online, there is no need for on-site software installations or
complex infrastructure—everything can be accessed from anywhere, at any time, on any device.

Key Benefits of Cloud-Based Event Management:

1.​ Centralized Planning and Coordination: Cloud platforms allow event teams to collaborate in real-time, managing
logistics, timelines, and responsibilities through shared dashboards and task lists.​

2.​ Real-Time Registration and Ticketing: Attendees can register online, make payments, and receive instant
confirmations. Organizers can monitor sign-ups in real-time, generate digital tickets, and manage capacity limits with
ease.​

3.​ Cost-Effective Operations: Since the infrastructure is managed by cloud service providers, there is no need for
additional hardware or IT support. This reduces operational costs significantly, especially for recurring or large-scale
events.​
 4.​ Scalability and Flexibility: Cloud platforms can handle both small meetings and large international conferences. As
attendee numbers grow, resources can be scaled up automatically without any disruptions.​

5.​ Enhanced Communication: Built-in email and notification systems ensure that attendees receive timely updates,
reminders, and important information. Some platforms also support live chat, Q&A sessions, and polling during events.​

6.​ Virtual and Hybrid Event Support: Many cloud-based systems support virtual events and hybrid formats, including
live streaming, breakout rooms, and networking lounges. This broadens audience reach and engagement.​

7.​ Data Analytics and Feedback: After the event, organizers can generate detailed reports on attendance, engagement
levels, and survey responses. These insights are valuable for evaluating success and planning future events.​

8.​ Security and Privacy: Cloud service providers ensure data encryption, access control, and compliance with global
standards like GDPR, ensuring the safety of both organizer and attendee data.

Examples of Cloud-Based Event Management Tools

●​ Eventbrite: One of the most widely used cloud-based event platforms, Eventbrite allows for easy event creation, ticket
sales, and attendee management. It integrates with various marketing tools and provides analytics for performance
tracking.​

●​ Cvent: A comprehensive event management platform used for enterprise-level conferences and meetings. It offers
registration, venue selection, marketing automation, mobile event apps, and attendee engagement features.​

●​ Hopin: Focused on virtual and hybrid events, Hopin enables live streaming, interactive sessions, expo booths, and
networking lounges, all hosted within a cloud environment.​

●​ Whova: Known for its mobile-friendly interface, Whova helps with event promotion, agenda management, attendee
engagement, and live interaction features.

​
Collaboration Tools in Cloud Computing (with Examples)
Cloud computing enables real-time collaboration by offering accessible tools that can be used by multiple users across locations.
Below is an explanation of key tools used for collaboration, along with real-world examples:

1. Calendar
Definition: A cloud-based calendar allows teams to organize and manage schedules, meetings, and reminders collaboratively.

Example:​
Google Calendar lets users create events, invite team members, add meeting links, and set reminders. Team members can see
each other's availability and schedule accordingly.

2. Schedules
Definition: Scheduling tools help in planning project timelines, assigning tasks, and setting deadlines collaboratively.

Example:​
Trello uses boards, lists, and cards to assign tasks, set due dates, and monitor progress. All team members can view and update
the schedule in real-time.

3. Word Processing
Definition: Cloud-based word processors allow multiple users to work on documents at the same time, with automatic saving and
version control.

Example:​
Google Docs allows real-time co-authoring of documents, commenting, and version history. Users can collaborate on reports or
research papers simultaneously from different locations.

4. Presentation
Definition: Online presentation tools help in jointly creating slides, sharing feedback, and delivering content virtually.

Example:​
Microsoft PowerPoint Online allows team members to co-create slides, add animations, and practice presentations online. Edits
are saved automatically and can be viewed in real-time.

5. Spreadsheet
Definition: Cloud spreadsheets enable shared editing, data analysis, and financial tracking in collaborative environments.

Example:​
Google Sheets lets multiple users enter data, apply formulas, and build charts at the same time—commonly used for budgets,
project timelines, and research data.
6. Databases
Definition: Cloud databases provide centralized, real-time access to data for applications and teams, allowing collaboration in
data entry, management, and analytics.

Example:​
Airtable combines the features of a spreadsheet and a database. Teams use it for inventory management, CRM systems, and
event planning—collaboratively managing data with forms, filters, and views.

7. Desktop (VDI - Virtual Desktop Infrastructure)

Definition: A virtual desktop allows users to access their desktop environment from any device via the cloud, supporting remote
collaboration securely.

Example:​
Amazon WorkSpaces allows users to access a cloud-hosted Windows or Linux desktop. This is useful in organizations where
employees need a standardized, secure work environment from anywhere.

8. Social Networks
Definition: Enterprise social platforms enable informal communication and networking within organizations to enhance team
bonding and sharing.

Example:​
Workplace by Meta (Facebook) lets employees chat, post updates, create groups, and host live video sessions, encouraging an
open and social culture in remote teams.

9. Groupware
Definition: Groupware is collaborative software that combines communication, task management, file sharing, and more within
one integrated platform.

Example:​
Microsoft Teams allows users to chat, meet, call, and collaborate on files all in one app. It’s integrated with other Microsoft 365
tools like Word, Excel, and SharePoint for seamless teamwork.

By using these cloud-based collaboration tools, organizations and teams can achieve higher productivity, better communication,
and streamlined project execution. These tools break down geographical barriers and support real-time interaction, making them
essential for modern workplaces.