Expt. No.
:
Date:
POWER FLOW ANALYSIS USING NEWTON RAPHSON
METHOD
AIM
To carry out the power flow analysis of the given power system network using Newton –
Raphson method.
THEORY
The Newton-Raphson method is a powerful method of solving non-linear algebraic
equations. It works faster and is sure to converge in most cases as compared to the Gauss Seidal
method. It is indeed the practical method of load flow solution of large power networks.
ALGORITHM
Step 1: Read system data and form Y-bus matrix.
Step 2: Assume flat voltage profile Vi0 =1; i0 = 0.
N
Step 3:For load buses compute, Pical Vi Yij V j cos( ij j i ) .
j 1
N
Qical Vi Yij V j sin( ij j i )
j 1
Step 4:For PV buses, check for Q-limit violation.
Step 5:Compute mismatch vector using,
Pi Pi ( spec) Pical ; Qi Qi ( spec) Qical
Step 6:Compute, Pi(max) and Qi(max)
Step 7: Calculate Jacobian matrix.
Step 8:Obtain state correction vector.
Step 9:Update state vector.
Step 10:Repeat the procedure until Pi and Qi else goto step 3.
FLOWCHART
START
Read bus data,line data, tolerance
Compute Ybus
Initialize voltage state vector
Set iteration count,iter=1
B
Set Bus count, i=1
Calculate P i and Qi
No
If i is Calculate ∆P i
PV bus? Calculate ∆Qi
Yes
Calculate ∆P i
Qi>Qi(max) Qi<Qi(min)
Check for
Q-limit
Qi(Spec)=Qi(max) Qi(Spec)=Qi(min)
Calculate ∆Qi Calculate ∆Qi Calculate ∆Qi
Yes
Is i<[Link]
bus
No
A
A
Form Jacobian matrix
Calculate ∆δ and ∆V
Update bus voltage and angle
Yes
Check for
tolerance
Calculate slack bus power,
No
line flows, losses
iter=iter+1
Print
B
STOP
PROBLEM
Figure shows a single line diagram of a 5 bus system with two generating units, seven
lines. Per-unit transmission line series impedances and shunt susceptances are given on 100
MVA base in Table 1. Real power generation, real and reactive power loads in MW and MVAR
are given in Table 2. With bus 1 as slack, use Newton-Raphson method to obtain the load flow
solution. Assume tolerance of 0.01 p.u. for the real and reactive bus powers, base voltage for the
bus as 220 kV and the system frequency as 60 Hz.
Table 1
Impedances and line charging for the sample system.
Bus code Impedance
From - To R+jX Line charging B/2
1-2 0.02+j0.06 0.0+j0.030
1-3 0.08+j0.24 0.0+j0.025
2-3 0.06+j0.18 0.0+j0.02
2-4 0.06+j0.18 0.0+j0.02
2-5 0.04+j0.12 0.0+j0.015
3-4 0.01+j0.03 0.0+j0.010
4-5 0.08+j0.24 0.0+j0.025
Table 2
Generation, loads and bus voltages for sample system
Generation Generation Load Load
Bus No. Bus Voltage MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 1.06+j0.0 0 0 0 0
2 1.00+j0.0 40 30 20 10
3 1.00+j0.0 0 0 45 15
4 1.00+j0.0 0 0 40 5
5 1.00+j0.0 0 0 60 10
PROCEDURE TO ENTER DATA FOR PERFORMING STUDIES USING MIPOWER.
1. MiPower - Database Configuration
2. Draw and enter the datas for buses, generators, transmission lines and loads.
3. Solve Load Flow Analysis
Select Menu option Solve Load Flow Analysis.
When Study Info button is clicked, Select Newton Raphson Method and enter P and Q
tolerances as 0.01. Click OK.
Execute load flow analysis and click on Report in load flow analysis dialog to view report.
REPORT
RESULT
Thus the load flow analysis of the given power system network has been carried out
using Newton Raphson method and the desired results are obtained.
