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What Is C++

C++ is a cross-platform, object-oriented programming language developed as an extension of C, allowing for high-performance applications and code reuse. It supports classes and objects, distinguishing it from C, and features a syntax that includes input/output operations, variable declarations, and user input handling. The document also provides examples of C++ syntax, variable types, and basic operations such as printing text and numbers.

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19 views4 pages

What Is C++

C++ is a cross-platform, object-oriented programming language developed as an extension of C, allowing for high-performance applications and code reuse. It supports classes and objects, distinguishing it from C, and features a syntax that includes input/output operations, variable declarations, and user input handling. The document also provides examples of C++ syntax, variable types, and basic operations such as printing text and numbers.

Uploaded by

xubairch596
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is C++?

C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-


performance applications.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language.

C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces,


and embedded systems.

C++ is an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear


structure to programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development
costs.

Difference between C and C++


C++ was developed as an extension of C, and both languages have almost
the same syntax.

The main difference between C and C++ is that C++ supports classes and
objects, while C does not.

C++ Syntax
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

Line 1: #include <iostream> is a header file library that lets us work with
input and output objects, such as cout.

Line 2: using namespace std means that we can use names for objects and
variables from the standard library.

Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space. But we use it to make the
code more readable.

Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++ program is int main().
This is called a function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be
executed.

Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used together with


the insertion operator (<<) to output/print text.

Line 6: return 0; ends the main function.


C++ Output (Print Text)
The cout object, together with the << operator, is used to output values and
print text.

Just remember to surround the text with double quotes ( ""):

C++ Print Numbers


You can also use cout() to print numbers.

However, unlike text, we don't put numbers inside double quotes:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << 3;
return 0;
}

You can also perform mathematical calculations:

Example
cout << 3 + 3;

Example
cout << 2 * 5;

New Lines
To insert a new line in your output, you can use the \n character:

cout << "Hello World! \n";


cout << "I am learning C++";

You can also use another << operator and place the \n character after the
text, like this:

cout << "Hello World!" << "\n";


cout << "I am learning C++";

Tip: Two \n characters after each other will create a blank line:
C++ Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values.

In C++, there are different types of variables (defined with different


keywords), for example:

 int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123


or -123
 double - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or
-19.99
 char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char values are
surrounded by single quotes
 string - stores text, such as "Hello World". String values are
surrounded by double quotes
 bool - stores values with two states: true or false

Declaring (Creating) Variables


To create a variable, specify the type and assign it a value:

Syntax
type variableName = value;

Example
Create a variable called myNum of type int and assign it the value 15:

int myNum = 15;


cout << myNum;

Example
int myNum = 5; // Integer (whole number without
decimals)
double myFloatNum = 5.99; // Floating point number (with
decimals)
char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
string myText = "Hello"; // String (text)
bool myBoolean = true; // Boolean (true or false)

Declare Many Variables


To declare more than one variable of the same type, use a comma-
separated list:
Example
int x = 5, y = 6, z = 50;
cout << x + y + z;

One Value to Multiple Variables


You can also assign the same value to multiple variables in one line:

Example
int x, y, z;
x = y = z = 50;
cout << x + y + z;

C++ User Input


cin is a predefined variable that reads data from the keyboard with the
extraction operator (>>).

Example
int x;
cout << "Type a number: "; // Type a number and press enter
cin >> x; // Get user input from the keyboard
cout << "Your number is: " << x; // Display the input value

1. calculate area of rectangle.


2. Calculate area of square.
3. Calculate average of five numbers.
4. Calculate profit and loss .

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