Prepared by Varun Nair
EFFECT OF FIELD CURRENT CHANGES IN
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
now Ea Kofu Eat of a
Ig
now keeping the wad at the shaft constant would
mean the real power supplied is constant suice
Realpower supplied Coad connected to shaft of
motor
Easni 8 and Ia Caso are constant
now assuming that motor is suppleid a Cow field
current motor is ardereaeided Eaadso will be
low C Eat Gi
Iacoso14
I
1 Vcf
l
1 s
Typ Ea
suis constant
L
T l
l 9 e
I l
as
If I Eat Iat upto a certain value of
and
when Zaks is 98 to Vcf and
If g
Lacoso
exactly
Easmis are kept constant
I
v
I Ia3
ears
I
Iai
Eas
Conclusion when motor is in lagging condition
underrated
as
Iff EAT Iaf cos of Sf
motor is overexcited
now if you increase
Ig further
and comes in leading pf beyond which as
Igf
Eaf IoT
Ias
Iaa
Ias vet
1
I
1 D
f l Eas Ea4
East
Easons constant
e Iacoso constant
Conelusrim motor is over emitted and in leading pf
Iff Eaf Iaf cos
of 81
now low tf motor acts like a
lagging loud and
consumes reenhne power
motor becomes and more resistive
as
If 9 more
and eventually Ia aligns with Vf and beyond a
certain value of La leads Vol and motor
Ty
behaves like a capacitive load
Ia V
Curvedp z
L PI
I
apf only
fi
tf active power 0 0
z
I
underexcited 11c overexcited
Cag lead
consumes Q generates a
A plot bw Ia Ys is called V curve of sync
If
motor
Under excited over emited
Vol
Vol 3 t
I s i ls
t
a
Ea I
V
Ea
Eacos 8 CVof o Eacross
under excited o over exited
lead
lag
consumes Q supplies Q
normal eruited
rot
Ea
Eaa SS Vcf
a normal esuitation
Resistive only supplies arhie Power
STARTING OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
the is supplied with a 50Mt
assume armature
supply and we take diff points in time for
anauris
i p
f
I E Too E 2200 31200
4 450
k t 1150 1
kBrxBs ccwdireetim
yfEia
gg
t 2 2oo
JB find 0
lil
V
Bs
B
E 31200
IMy
Brass
gwsynchi.tk
psg
by
t 41zoo
n Find
In onecomplete electrical cycle the torque
was
first
Ccw and then cur and so average torque over the
complete aple is o
overheats
over each cycle
and
the motor just vibrates
Approachestostartthesynchrononsmotor
the speed stator nt magnetic field
1 Reduce of
2 Use an external mover to accelerate the motor
prime
to synchronous speed
2 Use damper windings amortisseur coniduigs
He
Motor starting Redwing frequency
by
stator of fieldrotates at a slower speed
if magnetic
auderat
there will be enough time for The rotor to
and lock on to the rot magnetic field
the speed of mag field can then be cricreased grad
wally to 50 60 UZ
to the requirement
Earlier it was impractical due
the
addition generator set for producing
of an
lower speeds
but now cycloconverters can produce variable
frequency
speed is lower WI Ea also will be lower
if So to keep the stator current
Ea Kfw
within limits Vg should also be seduced
accordingly
d e Mover
Attach external darting motor to the Syne motor
an
and bring it to Then machine is
full speed gym
paralleled with power system as a generator
motor is then detached from shaftof the
starting
machine Orme it is turns off Br tends to
behind and then machine acts like
fall Bs the
a motor
can be
owe the process is complete the gym motor
loaded normally
smaller because it
starting motor can have a
rating
has to overcome The inertia of the Syne
only
motor
A
duigs
Amortisseur windings are special bars laid onto
motors
mi the
notches carved face of a synchronous
rotor and shorted out in the end by a Shorting
Ring
AH
now laid C8xB l dirafeadtroffxB
to
do NBS
Bw
Kunio
Ctw
8 4200
wid
OPqm.d 0
Bs 4
AH
t 2
200,2 laid
pw
Hidden
iie
qq.si
o
one complete electricalcycle the average tongue is a
for and so the motor speedsup
count
it reaches
It never reaches Syne speed but if
because no relative motion btw
that speed laid 0 of
conductors
field
So when it reaches value close to synchronous
a
speed the de field is given and then the
rotor
locks to the stator nf magneticfield
Procedure
1 Disconnect field Wlg's from DC power and
short circuit them
a 3 0 absent to stator of motor and Gt rotor
Apply
and orate upto hear synchronous speed
3 comeet de field unut to de power The motor will
lock into step at synchronous speed and load
maybe then added normally
A
AM EURWtNDNGS M0TORSI4
annottisseur windings gives an additional adv
of providing increases stability
if nm nsync find u's ammortisseur wig 0
if nm nsync euros and the torque produces
accelerates the sobs closer to
nsync
nm nsync e aid and this time the tongue
to the
produced will be opposite
dirof rotation and motor tends
to slow down
it is produced to speed up slow machines and
slow down fast machines
out the wad or other
these windings dampen
transients on the mic so they are also called
pamper windings
A
They are also used in synchronous generators hi
which a variation of shaft tongue causes the
rotor to accelerate decelerate the damper conidings
will oppose this change
transient current in
responsible for the sub a
synchronous machine
faulted
SYNCHRONOUS GENE MOTORS
Ea
Generator
Vf
Ia
supplies reactive consumes reactive power
power EacossCVG
Eacoss Vef
under exerted
over enuited
Ia
Motor VO
ng
Ea
Supplies reachriep
consumes reactiveP
tacos s ref
over excited Eacoss Vol
under emited
supplies R P
motor if Eacoss Voy
for Gen or
Eacosscvp consumes RP
leads in and Ea lags in motor
Ea Vol generator up
SYN At as
most ratings are same the only difference is
in his lead as comp
the powerfautor rating
Gen
and to lagging in synchronous
the
field current limit is expressed
as a rating
leading power factor
Output of synchronous motor is given in horsepower
rather than in KW
Apple low speed high power applications
