SORSOGON STATE UNIVERSITY
Sorsogon City Campus
College of Engineering and Architecture
Baribag, Bibincahan, Sorsogon City
ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM
A mobile operating system that was developed by Google. It was originally developed by Android Inc before
Google acquired it in 2005. Android OS (Operating System), is an open-source operating system based on the
Linux kernel and developed primarily for mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and
other wearable devices. The Android operating system has revolutionized the way we interact with technology,
which is one of the most widely used mobile platforms in the world. This report digs into the key features,
architecture and android version, exploring its growth and future potential in an evolving technology world. By
looking into its development, mechanisms and ideas, we aim to provide a thorough understanding of how
Android has shaped the mobile industry and continues to influence the future of devices.
KEY FEATURES OF ANDROID
Features:
● User-Friendly Interface
- Android is designed to be simple and user-friendly. Its home screen, widgets, and app menu are
easy to navigate, and users can customize their devices to look and feel the way they want. The design
is clean and modern, making it enjoyable to use.
● Google Integration
- Android works seamlessly with Google services like Gmail, Google Maps, and Google Drive.
This makes it easy to sync data across devices and access your information anywhere. Google
Assistant also helps with voice commands for tasks, reminders, and questions.
● Multitasking Support
- Android lets the user do multiple things at once. You can use split-screen mode to run two apps
side by side, watch videos in a small window while doing other tasks, or switch between apps
quickly.
● Wide Connectivity Options
- Android supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, and 5G, so you can stay connected no matter where
you are. It also works with many accessories and supports features like wireless charging,
making it a versatile choice for all your needs.
● Robust Security
- Android takes security seriously. It has built-in tools like Google Play Protect to scan for harmful
apps, fingerprint or face unlock for secure access, and regular security updates to keep your
data safe. Your information is protected with encryption and other advanced features.
● Regular Updates
- Android gets frequent updates that bring new features, improve performance, and fix security
issues. While updates depend on your device brand, Google ensures its own devices and the
Android system stay up-to-date and reliable.
ARCHITECTURE OF ANDROID
The Android architecture is organized in several layers that defines the components and interactions within
the Android operating system.
This layer are:
1. Linux Kernel
- The core of Android architecture lies the Linux kernel, which provides essential hardware
abstraction, memory management, process management, security, and device diversity.
2. Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL
- Abstract hardware specific functionalities and provide standardized interface for device drivers
and hardware.
3. Native Libraries Layer
- Consist of libraries written in C and C++ programming languages that provides core system
functionalities and support for native code execution within the android applications.
4. Android Runtime Layer
- Responsible for executing and managing Android applications bytecode compiled form Java or
Kotlin source Code
5. Java API (Application Programming Interface) Framework Layer
- Comprises a comprehensive set of libraries, APIs, and runtime environments that facilitate the
development of Android applications using Java or Kotlin programming languages.
6. Application Layer
- The topmost layer of Android Architecture that consists of user installed applications, system,
application, and system service running on the Android platform.
ANDROID VERSION
Android Versions 1.0 to 1.1:
● The first Android Operating System that was released by Google on September 23, 2008.
Features are:
● Access to web pages
● Camera access
● Access to web email
● Contains Google services such as Google calendar, Google sync, YouTube etc.
Android Versions 1.5: Cupcake
● Released by Google on April 27, 2009.
● It was the third version of Android.
It's new features (based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29) are:
- On-screen keyboard
- Option of video recording and playback
- Copy paste feature
- Tracking the mobile history
Android Versions 1.6: Donut
● The android version 1.6 has many valuable changes such as the ability to operate on several different
screen resolutions.
● It was released by Google on September 15, 2009.
It’s new features are: Text and voice search
● Fast access to camera
● Battery usage information
● In this version Google play was introduced
Android Versions 2.0 to 2.1: Eclair
● Released by Google on October 26, 2009
It's new features (based on Linux Kernel) are:
● Synchronization of accounts
● Bluetooth connectivity
● Automatic bug fixes
● SMS or Short Message Services
● MMS or Multimedia messaging services
Android Versions 2.2: Froyo
● Released by Google on May 10 2010
It's new features/updates are:
● Increased speed
● Increased memory
● Improved in security
● Integrated with Chrome V8 engine and supported android cloud
Android Versions 3.2: Honey comb
● Released by Google on February 22, 2011
It's new features (based on Linux Kernel 2.6.36) are:
● Holographic UI fort tablets
● Quick access to camera
● Flash Drive can be connected in this OS
● Supported gamepads and joystick
● The android first tablet update
Android Version 4.0: Ice Cream Sandwich
● Released by Google on October 19, 2011
It's new features/updates (based ln Linux Kernel 2.6.36) are:
● New font style
● Screenshot
● Improved graphical user interface
● Last version that supported the adobe system flash player
Android Versions 4.1 to 4.3: Jelly Bean
● Released by Google on June 27, 2012
It's new features/updates (based on Linux Kernel 3.0.31) are:
● Smooth accessibility
● Supported basic single finger gesture
● Improvement in bluetooth connectivity and speed
Android 4.4: KitKat
● Released by Google on September 3, 2013
It's new features/updates are:
● Wireless printing capability
● Improved Compatibility for applications
Android Versions 5.0 and 5.1: Lollipop
● Released by Google on June 25, 2014, but officially introduce on November 12, 2014
It's new features/updates are:
● Multiple sim card insertion
● Network and calling support
Android Version 6.0: Marshmallow
● Released by Google on May 18, 2015
It's new features/updates are:
● Doze mode or Power Saving Mode
● Fingerprint sensor
● USB Type-C support
● “Do Not Disturb’’ Mode
Android Versions 7.0 and 7.1: Nougat
● Released by Google on August 22, 2016
It's new features/updates are:
● Data Saver mode
● Screen zoom-in option
● Supporting multiple windows
● Notification for battery usage.
Android version 8: Oreo
Release Date: August 21, 2017
● Notification Dots
● Improved Battery Life
● Autofill Framework
● Picture-in-Picture Mode
● Smart Text Selection
Android Version 9: Pie
● Released by Google on August 6, 2018
It's new features/updates are:
● Screenshot button
● Updated notification bar - Improved privacy and security
● New battery and brightness settings
Android Version 10: Quince Q Tart
● Released by Google on September 3, 2019
It's new features/updates are:
● Wi-Fi and QR codes
● Live Caption
● Biometric authentication in apps
Android Version 11: Red Velvet Cake
● Released by Google on September 8, 2020
It's new features/updates are:
● Wireless Android Auto
● Chat bubbles
● Screen recorder
Android Version 12: Snow Cone
● Released by Google on February 18, 2021
It's new features/updates are:
● Scrolling Screenshot
● Game Dashboard
● Easier Wi-Fi Sharing
Android Version 13: Tiramisu
● Released by Google on February 10, 2022
It's new features/updates are:
● Bluetooth LE Audio Support
● Per-app Language Setting
● Enhanced Battery Life
Android Version 14: Upside Down Cake
● Released by Google on October 4, 2023
It's new features/updates are:
● App Cloning
● Notification Flashes
● Camera and Battery Life Improvements
20. Android 15
● Release Date: [Expected in 2024]
● Private Space
● Adaptive Vibrations
● Screen Record a Single App
● App Archiving
● Loudness Controller
