BACKEND DEVELOPMENT
ROADMAP 2025
🌏 Internet & Web Basics
How the Web Works (Client- Content Delivery Networks
Server Model) (CDNs)
HTTP/3, HTTP/2 Basics Reverse Proxy (Nginx, Apache,
WebSockets, SSE, Polling Traefik)
REST APIs vs GraphQL vs gRPC CORS & Security Policies
Compression & Browser Caching
💻 Core Programming Concepts
Data Types & Memory Error Handling & Debugging
Management Multithreading & Concurrency
Loops, Conditionals, and Event-Driven Programming
Functions Functional Programming Basics
📝 HTML & CSS
HTML5: Semantic Elements, Responsive Design: Media Queries,
Forms, Metadata Mobile-First
CSS: Box Model, Flexbox, Grid Dark Mode & Theming
CSS Framework: Tailwind CSS Animations & Transitions: Framer
Motion, GSAP
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🌏 JavaScript & TypeScript
Modern JS: ES6+, Fetch API, State Management: Zustand,
Async/Await Redux Toolkit
DOM Manipulation TypeScript for Scalability
Event Handling, Bubbling,
Delegation
💻 Frontend Frameworks & Libraries
React 19 (Preferred in 2025): Hooks, Context API, Suspense
Next.js 14+: SSR, SSG, ISR, Middleware
Vue 3: Composition API, Vue Router
Svelte: Lightweight UI Development
Routing: React Router v6.10+, TanStack Router
🔧 Build Tools & Optimization
Vite (Preferred for 2025)
Webpack, Parcel, ESBuild
Code Splitting & Lazy Loading
WebAssembly (WASM) Basics
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🖥️ Backend Languages and
Frameworks (Choose one)
Node.js: Express.js, Fastify, Rust: Actix, Axum
NestJS Java: Spring Boot 3+
Python: FastAPI, Django, Flask C#: ASP.NET Core
Go: Fiber, Gin
🔗 API Development
REST APIs: Best Practices & Design
GraphQL: Apollo Server
gRPC: High-Performance APIs
Authentication & Authorization: OAuth2, JWT
Security: API Rate Limiting, DDoS Protection
💾 Databases & ORMs
SQL (Relational Databases) NoSQL (Non-Relational Databases)
PostgreSQL (Preferred for 2025) MongoDB (Document-Based)
MySQL, MariaDB Redis (Key-Value Store)
SQLite (Lightweight) Firebase Firestore
ORMs & Query Builders
Prisma (Node.js)
TypeORM (TypeScript)
Sequelize (Node.js)
SQLAlchemy (Python)
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DevOps & Deployment
📦 Containerization & Orchestration
Docker
Kubernetes (K8s)
Docker Compose for Local Development
☁️ Cloud Platforms & Hosting
Serverless: AWS Lambda, Cloudflare Workers
Cloud Providers: AWS, Google Cloud, Azure
Static Hosting: Vercel, Netlify
Backend Hosting: Railway, Fly.io, DigitalOcean
🛠️ CI/CD & Automation
GitHub Actions
GitLab CI/CD
Jenkins, CircleCI
Terraform & Pulumi (Infrastructure as Code)
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Advance Concepts
⚡️ Performance & Optimization
Load Balancing (Nginx, AWS ELB)
Database Indexing & Query Optimization
Code Splitting, Lazy Loading
Caching Strategies (Redis, CDN, Browser Cache)
🛡️ Security Best Practices
Hashing & Encryption (bcrypt, Argon2)
HTTPS, TLS/SSL, CSP
SQL Injection, XSS, CSRF Prevention
📈 Monitoring & Logging
Prometheus & Grafana
ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)
OpenTelemetry for Distributed Tracing
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AI & Web3
🧠 AI & Machine Learning for
Full-Stack Devs
AI APIs: OpenAI, Hugging Face
LangChain for AI-Powered Backends
AI-Powered UI Enhancements
🔗 Web3 & Blockchain
Ethereum Smart Contracts (Solidity, Hardhat)
Decentralized Storage (IPFS, Filecoin)
Wallet Integrations (Metamask, WalletConnect)
🖥️ Edge Computing & Serverless
Cloudflare Workers
AWS Lambda@Edge
Next.js Middleware for Edge Functions
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