Introduction to Big Data
Introduction to Big Data
1. Types of Digital Data
- Structured Data: Organized in rows and columns (e.g., databases).
- Unstructured Data: Not organized (e.g., videos, images, social media posts).
- Semi-Structured Data: Partially organized (e.g., XML, JSON).
2. History of Big Data Innovation
- Early 2000s: Emergence of web-scale data.
- 2005: Apache Hadoop introduced, enabling distributed data processing.
- 2010s: Growth of real-time and streaming platforms (Spark, Kafka).
- Present: Cloud-native analytics, AI/ML integration, edge computing.
3. Introduction to Big Data Platform
- A Big Data platform integrates tools and technologies to collect, store, process, and analyze
massive datasets.
- Examples: Hadoop, Spark, AWS, Google BigQuery, Azure Data Lake.
4. Drivers for Big Data
- Proliferation of IoT devices.
- Explosion of mobile and web applications.
- Social media and user-generated content.
- Need for real-time decision making.
5. Big Data Architecture and Characteristics
- Architecture includes:
- Data ingestion (e.g., Flume, Kafka)
- Storage (e.g., HDFS, NoSQL)
- Processing (e.g., MapReduce, Spark)
- Analytics and visualization (e.g., Hive, Tableau)
- Characteristics: Scalability, flexibility, fault-tolerance.
6. 5 Vs of Big Data
- Volume: Massive amount of data.
- Velocity: Speed of data generation and processing.
- Variety: Different formats and sources.
- Veracity: Data accuracy and reliability.
- Value: Useful insights from data.
7. Big Data Technology Components
- Storage: HDFS, Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage.
- Processing: MapReduce, Spark, Storm.
- Querying & Analysis: Hive, Pig, Impala.
- Visualization: Power BI, Tableau.
- Machine Learning: MLlib (Spark), TensorFlow.
8. Big Data Importance and Applications
- Healthcare: Predictive analytics, patient monitoring.
- Finance: Fraud detection, algorithmic trading.
- Retail: Customer behavior analysis, demand forecasting.
- Government: Smart cities, surveillance, policy making.
9. Big Data Features: Security, Compliance, Auditing, and Protection
- Security: Encryption, authentication, access control.
- Compliance: GDPR, HIPAA for data handling.
- Auditing: Logging user and system activities.
- Protection: Backups, disaster recovery.
10. Big Data Privacy and Ethics
- Data anonymization and user consent.
- Responsible data usage.
- Addressing algorithmic bias.
11. Big Data Analytics
- Extraction of useful patterns and insights from big data.
- Includes predictive, prescriptive, and descriptive analytics.
12. Challenges of Conventional Systems
- Unable to handle:
- High-volume unstructured data.
- Real-time processing.
- Scalability and fault tolerance.
13. Intelligent Data Analysis
- Uses AI/ML to discover hidden patterns.
- Supports automated decision-making.
14. Nature of Data
- Quantitative vs Qualitative.
- Real-time vs Batch data.
- Internal vs External sources.
15. Analytic Processes and Tools
- ETL: Extract, Transform, Load.
- EDA: Exploratory Data Analysis.
- Tools: R, Python, KNIME, SAS.
16. Analysis vs Reporting
- Analysis: Deep data investigation to derive insights.
- Reporting: Presenting historical data summaries.
17. Modern Data Analytic Tools
- Apache Spark: In-memory processing.
- TensorFlow: Deep learning framework.
- Power BI / Tableau: Interactive data visualization.
- Google Data Studio: Web-based BI.
- Snowflake: Cloud data platform.
- Databricks: Unified data analytics and AI workspace.
