CS101 TSC

Autumn 2024-25
Samar Perwez
with special thanks to Shravya Suresh
Question 1
What is the Output?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 5; int b = 7;
int c = 2; int d = 9;
int e = a * b % c + d;
cout<<"e="<<e<<"\n";
int i = a++ + ++b - c--;
cout<<"i="<<i<<"\n";
int f = d * i / 2;
float f2 = d * i / 2;
cout<<"f="<<f<<" f2="<<f2<<"\n";
}
Solution 1
What is the Output?
e=10
i=11 #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
f=49 f2=49
int main()
{
int a = 5; int b = 7;
int c = 2; int d = 9;
Operator Precedence int e = a * b % c + d;
cout<<"e="<<e<<"\n";
int i = a++ + ++b - c--;
Pre/Post Inc/Dec cout<<"i="<<i<<"\n";
int f = d * i / 2;
float f2 = d * i / 2;
cout<<"f="<<f<<" f2="<<f2<<"\n";
Datatypes }
Question 2

Consider the following badly indented snippet. What is the output if a=5, b=7, c=9? What is
the output if a=4, b=4, c=4? Can the program ever output “AAA CCC ZZZ”? (Yes or No)

if(a >= 5)
if(b < 6)
cout<<"AAA ";
else
cout<<"BBB ";
else if(c == 9)
cout<<"CCC ";
cout<<"ZZZ\n";
Solution 2
BBB ZZZ Consider the following badly indented snippet. What
is the output if a=5, b=7, c=9? What is the output if
ZZZ a=4, b=4, c=4? Can the program ever output “AAA
CCC ZZZ”? (Yes or No)
No
if(a >= 5)
if(b < 6)
Corresponding if and cout<<"AAA ";
else
else blocks
cout<<"BBB ";
else if(c == 9)
cout<<"CCC ";
cout<<"ZZZ\n";
Question 3
Find the output:

int a = 5;
if (a > 1){
int a = 6;
cout << a <<endl;
a++;
}
cout << a <<endl;
Solution 3
Find the output: Output:

int a = 5; 6
if (a > 1){ 5
int a = 6;
cout << a <<endl;
a++;
}
cout << a <<endl; Scope of Variables
Question 4

Consider the following code snippet. What is the output if N=52? What does this program
compute? [Write answer as a mathematical function of N]

int N;
cout<<"Enter number: ";
cin>>N;
int x = 0;
int y = 1;
while( y < N) {
y = y*2;
x++;
}
cout<<x;
Solution 4
6 Consider the following code snippet. What is the
output if N=52? What does this program compute?
⌈log2N⌉ [Write answer as a mathematical function of N]

int N;
cout<<"Enter number: ";
While Loops cin>>N;
int x = 0;
int y = 1;
while( y < N) {
y = y*2;
x++;
}
cout<<x;
Question 5
What is the output of this program?

#include<simplecpp>

int func(int &a){ int func2(int b){

a = 1; return 2*b;
cout<<func2(a); }
return 0;
} int func2(int b, int c){
return b*c;
main_program{ }
int a = 10;
func(a);
cout << func(a) - a << endl;
}
Solution 5
Output:
What is the output of this program?

#include<simplecpp>
2
int func2(int b){
return 2*b; 2
int func(int &a){ }
a = 1;
-1
cout<<func2(a); int func2(int b,
return 0; int c){
} Pass by reference
return b*c;
}
main_program{
int a = 10;
func(a);
Overloading
Cout << func(a)
- a << endl;
}
Question 6
Consider the following program
int N;
cout<<"Enter number: ";
which takes an input a positive
cin>>N; integer N, and prints a N X N
int i = 0; matrix whose diagonal elements
int j = 0; (on both diagonals) are 1, and the
while(i < N) { remaining elements are 0. Fill in
j = 0;
while(j < N) {
the blanks [A, B, C1, C2]
if(_A_) cout<<"1";//fill A
else cout<<"0"; e.g. N = 5
_B_; //fill B 10001
} 01010
_C1_; //fill C1 00100
_C2_; //fill C2 01010
} 10001
Solution 6
int N;
cout<<"Enter number: "; Pattern Printing
cin>>N;
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
while(i < N) {
j = 0;
while(j < N) {
if(i==j || i+j==N-1)//fill A
cout<<"1";
else
cout<<"0";
j++; //fill B
}
cout<<"\n"; //fill C1
i++; //fill C2
}
Question 7
Outputs again!

1 # include < iostream >

2 using namespace std;
3 int main ()
4 {
5
6 int FACT = 1;
7 for (unsigned int i = 6; i >= 0; --i)
8 {
9 FACT *= i;
10 }
11 cout << FACT << endl ;
12 return 0;
13 }
Solution 7
Outputs again!

1 # include < iostream >

2 using namespace std;
Infinite loop! (Why?)
3 int main () How do we fix this?
4 {
5
6 int FACT = 1;
7 for (unsigned int i = 6; i >= 0; --i)
8 {
9 FACT *= i;
10 }
11 cout << FACT << endl ;
12 return 0;
13 }
Solution 7
Outputs again!
Change the condition on i
1 # include < iostream > OR
2 using namespace std;
3 int main () Just remove ‘unsigned’
4 {
5
6 int FACT = 1;
7 for (unsigned int i = 6; i > 0 or i > 1; --i)
8 {
9 FACT *= i;
10 }
11 cout << FACT << endl ; Loop conditions
12 return 0;
13 }
Question 8
Consider the following program which takes an input a positive integer N, and
prints the number of 7s in the number. Fill in the blanks [A, B, C]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int num;
cout<<"Enter number: ";
cin>>num;
int count = 0; int digit;
while (_A_) { //fill A
digit = _B_; //fill B
num = _C_; //fill C
if(digit == 7) count++;
}
cout<<count;
}
Solution 8
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; Digit based problems
int main() {
int num;
cout<<"Enter number: ";
cin>>num;
int count = 0; int digit;
while ( num > 0 ) { //fill A
digit = num % 10; //fill B
num = num / 10; //fill C
if(digit == 7) count++;
}
cout<<count;
}
Question 9
Complete the following code so the program outputs the square root of y (y>0) The
precision is given as 0.001.

main_program {
double y; cin >> y;
double x = 1, eps = 0.001;

while(________) {
x = (x + y/x) / 2;
}

cout << x << endl;

}
Solution 9
Complete the following code so the program outputs the square root of y (y>0) The
precision is given as 0.001.

main_program {
double y; cin >> y;
double x = 1, eps = 0.001;

while( abs(x*x - y) > eps ) {

x = (x + y/x) / 2;
}

cout << x << endl; Understanding the

} intent of the code
Question 10
What is the Output?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() int func1(int &b, int &a, int c=6)
{ {
int a = 5, b = 7; int ret = 2*a+b+c;
int c; int temp = b;
c = func1(a, b); b = a;
cout<<"a = "<<a<<endl; a = temp;
cout<<"b = "<<b<<endl; return ret;
cout<<"c = "<<c<<endl; }

}
 What is the Output?
Solution 10 #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
a = 7 int func1(int &b,int &a);

b = 5 int main()
{
c = 25 int a = 5, b = 7;
int c;
c = func1(a, b);
cout<<"a = "<<a<<endl;
Function Calls cout<<"b = "<<b<<endl;
cout<<"c = "<<c<<endl;
}
int func1(int &b,int &a, int c=6)
{
Call by Reference int ret = 2*a + b + c;
int temp = b;
b = a;
a = temp;
Local Variables return ret;
}
Question 11
Aaaaaaand another output!

main_program {
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++);
{
if (i%2 == 0)
cout << i + 1 << " ";
else
cout << i << " ";
}
cout << "EOP";
}
Question 11
Aaaaaaand another output!

main_program {
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++);
{
if (i%2 == 0)
cout << i + 1 << " "; Okay, a few things…
else
cout << i << " ";
}
cout << "EOP";
}
Question 11
Aaaaaaand another output!

main_program { Interesting? This actually works!

for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++); Think of it like an empty loop.
{
if (i%2 == 0) It iterates over itself with no other operation.
cout << i + 1 << " ";
else
cout << i << " ";
}
cout << "EOP";
}
Question 11
Aaaaaaand another output!

main_program {
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++);
{ But error here!
if (i%2 == 0) i is not declared outside
cout << i + 1 << " "; the scope of the ‘for’ loop
else
cout << i << " ";
}
cout << "EOP";
}
Solution 11 (with modified code)
Aaaaaaand another output!

main_program {
int i;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++); What’s the output?
{
if (i%2 == 0)
cout << i + 1 << " ";
else
cout << i << " ";
}
cout << "EOP";
}
Solution 11 (with modified code)
Aaaaaaand another output!

main_program {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++); Ans. 9 EOP
{ // i = 8 at this point
if (i%2 == 0) // 8%2 = 0, so true
cout << i + 1 << " "; // 8+1 = 9
else
cout << i << " ";
}
cout << "EOP"; Read code carefully; not
}
everything is an error :)
Question 12
Given the following program:
main_program {
for(int outval=0; outval<_A_; outval++){
for(int inval=0; inval<=outval; inval++){
cout<<(inval+_B_);
}
cout<<endl;
}
}

Complete the code such that the output is as shown below:

0
12
234
3456
Solution 12
Given the following program:
main_program {
for(int outval=0; outval < 4 ; outval++){
for(int inval=0; inval<=outval; inval++){
cout<<(inval + outval );
}
cout<<endl;
}
}

Complete the code such that the output is as shown below:

0
12
Understanding the purpose
234
3456 of code through the output
Question 13
Decimal equivalent of 101.1012

Binary equivalent of 9.7510

Question 14

What is the Output?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std; int fun_bitwise(int x, int y)
int main() {
{ int z = x | (1<<y);
int a = 9, b = 4; cout<<"z = "<<z<<endl;
int c; int y = x ^ y;
c = fun_bitwise(a, b); cout<<"y = "<<y<<endl;
cout<<"c = "<<c<<endl; return (z & y);
}
}
 What is the Output?
Solution 14 #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
z = 25 int fun_bitwise(int x, int y)
{
y = 13 int z = x | (1<<y);
cout<<"z = "<<z<<endl;
c = 9 int y = x ^ y;
cout<<"y = "<<y<<endl;
return (z & y);
}
int main()
{
int a = 9, b = 4;
int c;
Bitwise Operators c = fun_bitwise(a, b);
cout<<"c = "<<c<<endl;

}
Question 15
Given the following program, what is output?
#include <iostream>
void countCalls() {
static int count = 0;
count++;
cout << "Function called " << count << " times" <<endl;
}

int main() {
countCalls();
countCalls();
countCalls();
}
Solution 15
Given the following program:

#include <iostream>
void countCalls() { Function called 1 times
static int count = 0;
count++; Function called 2 times
cout << "Function called " <<
count << " times" <<endl; Function called 3 times
}

int main() {
countCalls();
countCalls();
countCalls();
Static variables
}
Question 16
Given the following program, what is output?
#include <iostream>
struct MyStruct {
char a;
int b;
char c;
int d;
};
int main() {
MyStruct s1 = {'A', 1024, 'F', 300};
MyStruct s2;
s2.a = s1.a + 3;
s2.b = s1.d;
s2.d = s1.b
s2.c = s2.a - 2;
cout<< s2.a << “ ” << s2.b << “ ” << s2.c << “ ” << s2.d;
}
Solution 16
Given the following program:
#include <iostream>
struct MyStruct {
char a; D 300 1024 B
int b;
char c;
int d;
};
int main() {
MyStruct s1 = {'A', 1024, 'F',
300};
MyStruct s2;
s2.a = s1.a + 3;
s2.b = s1.d; Structures
s2.d = s1.b
s2.c = s2.a - 2;
cout<< s2.a << “ ” << s2.b << “
” << s2.c << “ ” << s2.d;
}
All the best!