CLASS XI
COURSE STRUCTURE
Book- Fundamentals of Physical Geography
Chapter Chapter name Weightage
No.
Unit- I Geography as a Discipline
1 Geography As a Discipline 3
Unit II The Earth
2 The Origin and Evolution of the Earth 9
3 Interior of the Earth
4 Distribution of oceans and continents
Unit- III Landforms
5 Geomorphic Processes 6
6 Landform and their Evolution
Unit-IV Climate
7 Composition and Structure of Atmosphere 8
8 Solar Radiation, Heat balance and
Temperature
9 Atmospheric Circulations and Weather
Systems
10 Water in the Atmosphere
11 World Climate and Climate Change (To be
tested through internal assessments in the form
of project and presentation)
Unit-V Water (Oceans)
12 Water (Oceans) 4
13 Movements of Ocean Water
3
Unit VI Life on the Earth
14 Biodiversity and Conservation (To be tested through _
internal assessments in the form of project and
presentation)
Map Work 5
Total 35
Book-India Physical Environment
Chapter Chapter Name Weightage
No.
Unit-I Introduction
1 India- Location 5
Unit II Physiography
2 Structure and Physiography 13
3 Drainage System
Unit III Climate Vegetation and Soil
4 Climate 12
5 Natural Vegetation
Unit-IV Natural Hazards and Disasters: Causes Consequences and Management
6 Natural Hazards and Disasters (To be tested through _
internal assessment in the form of Projects and
presentation)
Map 5
Total 35
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Book-Geography Practical Part I
Chapter No. Chapter Name Weightage
1 Introduction to Maps 3
2 Map Scale 4
3 Latitude Longitude and Time 4
4 Map Projections 4
5 Topographical Maps 4
6 Introduction to Remote Sensing 6
Practical file and Viva 5
Total 30
COURSE CONTENT – XI
Book- Fundamentals of Physical Geography
Unit 1: Chapter 1 Geography as a Discipline
Geography Introduction to Geography as a discipline
as a Geography as an integrating discipline: Spatial and Temporal
Discipline synthesis
Approaches to study Geography: Systematic and Regional
Branches of Geography: Physical Geography, Human
Geography and Bio Geography
Physical Geography and its importance.
Unit 2: The Chapter 2 The Origin and Evolution of The Earth
Earth ● Origin and evolution of the earth
● Early theories: Origin of the Earth
● Modern Theories: Origin of the universe
● Formation of Stars and Planets
● Evolution of the Earth: Lithosphere, Atmosphere and
Hydrosphere
● Origin of Life
Chapter 3 Interior of the Earth
● Sources of Information about the Interior of the Earth (Direct and
Indirect)
● Earthquakes: Earthquake Waves, Shadow zones, Types, Scales
to measure earthquake intensity, effects, frequency of
earthquake occurrences
● Structure of the Earth
● Volcanoes and Volcanic landforms
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Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents
● Continental Drift Theory, and Evidence in support of Continental
Drift and Force for Drift
● Post Drift Studies
● Ocean Floor Configuration
● Distribution of Earthquakes and Volcanoes
● Concept of Seafloor Spreading
● Plate Tectonics: Types of Plate boundaries, Rate and forces for
the Plate Movement
● Movement of the Indian Plate
Unit 3: Chapter 5 Geomorphic processes
Landforms Geomorphic processes: Exogenic and Endogenic
Endogenic Process: Diastrophism, Volcanism
Exogenic Processes Weathering, landslides.
Soil: Processes and factors of Soil Formation
Chapter 6 Landforms and their Evolution
● Running water: Erosional and Depositional Landforms
● Wind: Erosional and Depositional Landforms
Unit 4: Chapter 7 Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
Climate Atmosphere- composition and structure; elements of weather and
climate
Chapter 8 Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature
Solar radiation: Variability of Insolation.
Processes of Heating and Cooling of Atmosphere
Terrestrial Radiation
Heat budget of the earth
Temperature- Factors controlling temperature; Horizontal
distribution of temperature; Inversion of temperature
Chapter 9 Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
● Atmospheric Pressure: Horizontal and Vertical Variation of
Pressure
● Forces affecting velocity and direction of Wind
● General Circulation of the atmosphere: Pressure belts; Winds:
Planetary, Seasonal and Local; Air masses and Fronts; Tropical
and Extratropical cyclones; Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Chapter 10 Water in the Atmosphere
Humidity-Absolute and Relative humidity
Evaporation and condensation-
Different Forms of Condensation: dew, frost, fog, mist and cloud;
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Precipitation
Types of Rainfall and world distribution of rainfall
Chapter 11 World Climate and Climate Change
(To be tested through internal assessments in the form of project
and presentation)
Unit 5: Water Chapter 12 Water (Oceans)
(Oceans) Hydrological Cycle
Major and Minor Relief Features of the Ocean Floor
Temperature and Salinity of Ocean Waters: Factors, Horizontal
and Vertical distribution of temperature and Salinity
Chapter 13 Movements of Ocean Water
Movements of ocean water- Waves, Tides and Currents.
Unit 6: Life Chapter 14 Biodiversity and Conservation
on the Earth (To be tested through internal assessments in the form of project
and presentation)
Book- India- Physical Environment
Unit 1: Chapter 1 India — Location, Size, Latitudinal and Longitudinal extent,
Introduction Indian Standard time, India and its neighbours
Unit 2: Chapter 2 Structure and Physiography
Physiograph Physiographic Divisions: (1) The Northern and North-eastern
y Mountains (2) The Northern Plain (3) The Peninsular Plateau (4)
The Indian Desert (5) The Coastal Plains (6) The Islands.
Chapter 3 Drainage System
Drainage patterns
Concepts of River basin, Catchment Area, Watershed
Drainage and River systems of India: the Himalayan and the
Peninsular
Extent of Usability of River Water- linking of rivers, problems in
using river water and water pollution
Unit 3: Chapter 4 Climate
Climate, ● Weather and climate
Vegetation ● Unity and diversity in the Monsoon Climate
and Soil ● Factors determining the climate of India
● The Nature and characteristics on Indian Monsoon
● The Rhythm of Seasons
● Distribution of Rainfall
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● Monsoon and the Economic Life in India
● Global Warming
Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation
● Natural vegetation - Introduction
● Forest types and distribution
● Conservation of forests
● Wildlife; conservation; biosphere reserves
Unit 4: Chapter 6 Natural Hazards and Disasters
Hazards and
Disasters: (To be tested through internal assessment in the form of Projects
Causes, and presentation)
Consequenc
es and
Management
Book- Geography Practical Part I
Chapter 1 Introduction to Maps
● Essentials of map making
● History of map making
● Maps -types
● Uses of maps
Chapter 2 Map Scale
● Scales-methods and construction
● Conversion of scale
Chapter 3 Latitude, Longitude and Time
● Drawing of Parallels of latitude and Meridians of longitude
● Longitude and time
● International date line
Chapter 4 Map Projections
Map projection- typology, construction and properties of projection: Conical with one
standard parallel and Mercator's projection. (only two projections)
Chapter 5 Topographical Maps
● Study of topographic maps (1 : 50,000 or 1 : 25,000 Survey of India maps);
Conventional Symbols, contour cross section and identification of landforms-
slopes, hills, valleys, waterfall, cliffs; distribution of settlements
Chapter 6 Introduction to Remote Sensing
Satellite imageries, stages in remote sensing data-acquisition, platform and sensors
and data products, (photographic and digital)
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Map Work
Book- Fundamentals of Physical Geography
(Map items for locating and labelling only on the outline political world map)
Chapter Map item (Map present on official website of Govt. of India should
be used)
Chapter 4 Political Map of all Continents of the world.
Distribution of Major Oceans of the world: Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic
oceans and Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean ∙ Major lithospheric plates
continents and Minor lithospheric plates, Ring of fire (Pacific Ocean), Mid-
Atlantic Ridge.
Chapter 9 Major Hot Deserts of the world:
Atmospheric Mojave Desert- Nevada, US
Circulations Patagonian Desert- Argentina
and Sahara- Africa
Weather Gobi Desert- Mongolia, Asia
Systems Thar desert- India
Great Victoria Desert- Australia
Chapter 12 Major Seas
Black sea
Water
Baltic sea
(Oceans)
Caspian Sea
Mediterranean Sea
North Sea
Red sea
Bay of Fundy (Canada)-Famous for the highest tides in the world
Chapter 13 Ocean Currents
Movements of
Ocean Water Cold currents Warm currents
Humboldt c. Alaska c.
California c. Brazilian c.
Falkland c. Agulhas c.
Canaries c. Kuroshio c.
West Australian c. Gulf stream c.
Oyashio c.
Labrador c
Chapter 14 Ecological hotspots
Biodiversity Eastern Himalaya, India
and Western ghats, India
Conservation Indonesia, Asia
Eastern Madagascar, Africa
Upper Guinean forests, Africa
Atlantic forest, Brazil
Tropical Andes
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Map Work
Book- India Physical Environment
(Map items for locating and labelling only on the outline political map of India)
Chapter Map item (Map present on official website of Govt. of India
should be used)
Chapter 1 Latitudinal extent of India
India- Location Longitudinal extent of India
Standard Meridian of India
Important latitude passing through India (Tropic of Cancer)
Southern Most Point of mainland of India (Kanya Kumari)
Chapter 2 Structure Mountains: Karakoram Range, Garo- Khasi- Jaintia hills,
and Physiography Aravalli Range, Vindhyan Range, Satpura Range, Western
ghats & Eastern ghats
Peaks: K2, Kanchenjunga, Nandadevi, Nanga Parvat,
Namcha Barwa and Anaimudi
Passes: Shipkila, Nathula, Palghat, Bhor ghat and Thal ghat
Plateaus: Malwa, Chhotnagpur, Meghalaya and Deccan
Plateau.
Coastal Plains: Saurashtra, Konkan, North and South
Kanara, Malabar, Coromandel and Northern Circars
Islands: Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep
Islands
Chapter- 3 Drainage Rivers: Brahmaputra, Indus, Satluj, Ganga, Yamuna,
System Chambal, Damodar, Mahanadi, Krishna, Kaveri,Godavari,
Narmada, Tapti and Luni
Lakes: (Identification)Wular, Sambhar, Chilika, Kolleru,
Pulicat & Vembanad
Straits, Bays , Gulfs: Palk Strait, Rann of Kachch, Gulf of
Kachch, Gulf of Mannar & Gulf of Khambat
Chapter-4 Area with highest temperature in India
Climate Area with lowest temperature in India
Area with highest rainfall in India
Area with lowest rainfall in India
Chapter-5 (Identification on an outline map of India) Tropical evergreen,
Natural Vegetation Tropical deciduous, Tropical thorn, Montane and Littoral/ Swamp
forests.
Wildlife reserves: (locating and labeling)
National Parks: Corbett, Kaziranga, Ranthambore. Shivpuri,
Simlipal
Bird Sanctuaries: Keoladev Ghana and Ranganathitto
Wild life Sanctuaries: Periyar, Rajaji, Mudumalai, Dachigam,
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Guidelines for Internal Assessment/ Geography Practical
1. A practical file must be prepared by students covering all the topics prescribed in the
practical syllabus.
2. The file should be completely handwritten with a cover page, index page and
acknowledgment.
3. All practical works should be drawn neatly with appropriate headings, scale, index
etc. Data can be taken from the NCERT textbook.
4. The practical file will be assessed at the time of term end practical examinations.
5. A written exam of 25 marks will be conducted based on prescribed practical syllabus.
6. Viva will be conducted based on practical syllabus only.
7. Written Exam -25 Marks
8. Practical file- 03 Marks
9. Viva- 02 Marks
CLASS: XI
Prescribed Books:
1.Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, Published by NCERT
2. India, Physical Environment, Class XI, Published by NCERT
3. Practical Work in Geography Part I, Class XI, Published by NCERT
Links for NCERT textbooks:
1. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?kegy2=0-14
2. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?kegy1=0-6
3. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?kegy3=0-6
Note:
1. The above textbooks are also available in Hindi medium.
2. Kindly refer to the latest editions of all NCERT Textbooks.
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