GROUP 3
BIOMASS
ENERGY
PRESENTATION
2 24
CONTENT
1 2 3
iNTRODUCTION SOURCES HISTORY
WHAT IS...?
4 5 6
ADVANTAGES
TYPES &
CONCLUSION.
DISADVANTAGES
INTRODUCTION
Thermal
WHAT IS BIOMASS?
Biomass is a highly adaptable energy source derived from
various organic materials, including wood, agricultural waste,
and even municipal solid waste. It has been widely used
worldwide, with woodstoves remaining popular for heating
and cooking, particularly in developing countries. Chemical
In Asia, 50-60% of energy in some regions is sourced from
biomass, while in Africa, this figure can reach 70-90%.
As of 2013, biomass contributed 37% of the UK’s renewable
energy, demonstrating its significant role in global energy
production. With sustainable forest management, improved Biochemical
harvesting techniques, and efficient stoves, biomass could
help meet a substantial share of global energy needs.
What Biomass Enery entails?
Biomass power plants, gasifiers, and digesters are common
technologies. For instance, power plants can burn solid biomass
directly to produce steam, while digesters are used to produce biogas
from organic waste.
Types of Biomass Fuels:
Solid Liquid Gaseous
Biomass Biomass Biomass
Includes wood, crop Bioethanol and biodiesel Biogas, a mix of methane
residues, and organic derived from crops like and carbon dioxide
wastes. These are corn, sugarcane, and produced via anaerobic
commonly used in direct vegetable oils. These are digestion of organic waste.
combustion processes. common alternatives for Used for electricity, heating,
transportation fuels. and as a vehicle fuel.
FORMS OF BIOMASS ENERGY
WOOD MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW)
Used extensively for heating in Mostly household waste, MSW
residential, commercial, and industrial can be incinerated to produce
settings. Wood biomass can be in the energy or converted into fuel.
form of timber chips, sawdust, or wood
pellets.
CROPS AND RESIDUES ANIMAL WASTE:
Agricultural by-products like corn stalks and By-products like manure are
straw and crops such as corn, soybeans, and converted into biogas through
wheat are utilized for biofuel production anaerobic digestion, which can be
and to generate heat and electricity. used for energy or heating.
ALGAE ENERGY CROPS AQUATIC PLANTS
Grown in controlled Specific crops, such as switchgrass or Plants like water hyacinths and
environments like ponds or tanks, willow trees, are cultivated explicitly duckweed, often cultivated in
algae are an efficient source for for energy production, providing aquatic environments, are used to
biodiesel production. biomass for heat, power generation, generate electricity.
and liquid biofuels.
www.Biomass enery: What?
How biomass energy works?
Combustion (Direct Burning) Anaerobic Digestion
Waste is burned to produce heat, which Organic materials are broken down by
generates steam that powers turbines for bacteria in an oxygen-free environment,
electricity. producing biogas (mainly methane) that can
be burned to generate energy.
Gasification
Fermentation
Biomass is converted into synthetic gas
(syngas) by applying heat and limited oxygen. Biomass (usually sugar or starch crops) is
This gas can be used for electricity converted into biofuels like ethanol through
generation, heating, or as a fuel for fermentation. Ethanol is then used as a fuel
transportation. for vehicles or power generation.
PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS
Biomass Furnace with Air Spout Biomass Furnace with Screw Feeder
BIOMASS WASTE TO ENERGY
a process where organic waste
materials, like agricultural
residues, food scraps, and
wood byproducts, are
converted into usable energy.
Biomass Furnace with Vertical Feeder Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Furnace
Why Biomass Energy is
Important?
Biomass energy can be considered carbon-neutral, as the
Environmental Benefits CO₂ released during its combustion is offset by the CO₂
absorbed by plants during their growth. This cycle helps
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Biomass energy production often utilizes waste materials,
Waste Reduction contributing to waste management and reducing landfill
accumulation.
Biomass energy can reduce reliance on fossil fuels, making
Energy Security energy supply more sustainable and locally available,
which is especially beneficial for rural and developing
regions.
www.Biomass enery: How it works?
HISTORY
20th Modern
Ancient Use Early Biofuels
Century Developments Biomass Energy
Biomass (mainly wood) has In the 19th century, bioethanol The oil crises of the 1970s Today, biomass contributes to
been used for heating and and biodiesel were explored as revived interest in biofuels renewable energy portfolios
cooking since prehistoric alternatives to petroleum fuels. and biomass energy. This led worldwide, driven by
times. For example, Henry Ford to significant advancements in environmental policies and
designed his early cars to run biomass conversion technological advancements
on ethanol. technologies and biofuel in energy production.
production.
Key Historical
Developments
Ancient Use Early Biofuels and World Wars and
of Biomass Energy Shifts Energy Crisis:
Industrial Use
(Prehistoric times) (1800s) (1940s) (1970s)
especially wood, has been As the Industrial Revolution During fuel shortages in World War The oil crisis in the 1970s sparked
used for cooking and heating progressed, biofuels like ethanol and II, many countries experimented renewed interest in biofuels as an
for thousands of years, biodiesel gained interest. Henry with biomass and biofuels as alternative to fossil fuels, leading to
marking one of humanity's Ford’s early vehicles, for instance, alternative energy sources. Some government-funded research in
earliest energy sources. were designed to run on ethanol, vehicles were modified to run on biomass technology, particularly in
hinting at the potential of biofuels in wood gas. the United States and Europe.
transportation.
Key Historical
Developments
Commercial Biomass Introduction of Biomass as Part of
Modern Innovations
Power Plants Advanced Biofuels Renewable Energy Policies
(1980s-1990s) (2000s) (2000s - Present) (2010s - Present)
Advances in technology saw Research and innovation led to the Biomass energy became an integral Technological advancements have
the first commercial biomass development of second-generation part of renewable energy policies improved the efficiency of biomass
biofuels, such as cellulosic ethanol, worldwide. For example, the power, with developments in biogas,
power plants built, where
made from non-food biomass. These European Union and the United anaerobic digestion, and more efficient
wood waste, agricultural
biofuels aimed to reduce competition States included biomass in their combustion systems. Additionally,
residues, and other biomass
with food resources. renewable energy portfolios, bioenergy research has focused on algae-
materials were burned to
emphasizing sustainability and based biofuels and waste-to-energy
produce electricity. technologies as sustainable alternatives.
carbon-neutrality goals.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Renewable: Biomass can be continuously
replenished through sustainable practices, unlike
finite fossil fuels. Land Use: Growing biomass crops may compete
with food production and contribute to
deforestation or habitat loss.
Carbon Neutrality: With proper management,
biomass can achieve a closed carbon cycle. Potential Emissions: Burning biomass can release
pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and
carbon monoxide.
Supports Rural Economies: Its production can create
jobs in rural areas, benefiting local economies.
Efficiency and Cost: production can be less efficient
and more costly than other renewables like wind and
Versatile: Biomass can be used in various forms solar.
(solid, liquid, gas) and applications (electricity, heat,
fuels). Resource Limitations: depends on a steady supply of
organic material, which can be impacted by seasonal
Waste Utilization: Biomass energy can turn variations and agricultural demands.
agricultural, forestry, and municipal waste into
useful energy.
Biomass Energy in India
Biomass energy is a significant component of India’s renewable energy landscape, accounting for 32% of
the nation’s total energy consumption. As the second-largest producer of agricultural residues globally,
India has set ambitious targets for renewable energy, including biomass. The country aims to achieve 175
GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, with biomass expected to contribute around 10 GW.
SPECIFICS OF BIOMASS ENERGY IN INDIA
Agricultural Residues: contribute about 65% of India’s biomass energy resources. The
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy estimates India could generate up to 18,000
MW of power from agricultural residues alone. Key sources include rice straw, wheat
straw, and sugarcane bagasse.
Forest Residues: Forest residues, including wood chips and sawdust, account for
about 18% of biomass energy consumption in India. These residues could generate up
to 3,000 MW of energy.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): MSW is another vital biomass energy source, contributing
around 5% of total biomass energy usage. According to the Central Pollution Control
Board, India produces about 150,000 tons of MSW daily, potentially generating up to
5,000 MW of power.
Animal Waste: Animal waste, such as cow dung and poultry litter, produces biogas. The
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy estimates that India could generate up to 12,000
MW of energy from animal waste.
Samal Biomass Power Plant and
San Jose Biomass Power Plant
SPECIFICS:
There have been successful biomass energy projects in the Philippines, such as the
12.5 MW Samal Biomass Power Plant in Bataan and the 24 MW San Jose Biomass
Power Plant, which generate electricity from rice husks.
As for Samal Biomass Power Plant, although the exact areas served by this plant are
not explicitly mentioned, the establishment of this plant, situated on a 6-hectare
property in Bagac, Bataan, is aimed at providing economical sources of energy and
job opportunities to the people of Bataan.
The power plant is also expected to bring economic benefits to the host town and its
surrounding areas through increased tax income and employment opportunities,
particularly for local farmers who will be involved in managing a dedicated plantation
for sourcing the plant’s primary feedstock, giant napier grass.
Conclusion
Biomass energy, derived from organic materials like wood, agricultural
waste, and municipal waste, is a versatile renewable energy source.
Historically essential for heating and cooking, biomass now plays a
significant role in global renewable energy, especially in developing
countries. With advancements in sustainable management and efficient
technologies, biomass has the potential to meet a substantial portion
of future energy needs, contributing to climate goals and reducing
waste.
Future
POINT 1 Prospects
Biomass energy, sourced from organic materials, is a versatile Through advancements in technology and sustainable
and renewable form of energy with historical significance in management, biomass energy could fulfill a larger
heating and cooking. Today, it supports renewable energy share of future energy demands, helping to achieve
needs globally, especially in developing regions. climate goals and manage waste effectively.
The Biomass Masters team
Mary Antonette
Lopez
Axzel Jay Prince Mozart
Ruiz Oliverio
Ivan Airon Jay Danny
Micco Jan
Pagayao Dayot Celocia Palomo
GROUP 3
Thank You For
Your Attention
The choices we make today will shape a sustainable tomorrow.
Let’s embrace this opportunity to lead by example and inspire
change.
