CONFIDENTIAL
Category Formula/Concept Example Explanation
Geometry - Area = side² If side = 3, then To find the area of a
Area of Square Area = 3² = 9 square, square its
side length.
Matrix - A⁻¹ = adj(A) / det(A) For matrix [[2,3], The inverse exists if
Inverse [1,4]], det(A) = (24 - determinant is
31) = 5, so inverse nonzero; otherwise, it
exists. does not exist.
Complex i² = -1 sqrt(-49) = ±7i The square root of
Numbers negative numbers
introduces imaginary
numbers represented
by 'i'.
Ratios and Ratio = Part/Total A committee has 20 The total is split into
Proportions members, and parts according to the
men-to-women ratio given ratio.
is 3:2. Women =
(2/5) × 20 = 8
GCD (Greatest GCD(20, 36) = GCD of 20 and 36 GCD is the largest
Common Highest common is 4 since both number that divides
Divisor) factor numbers share both given numbers.
factors 1, 2, and 4.
Percentage New Value = Old If 300 applications Multiply by the
Decrease Value × (1 - % decrease by 10%, remaining percentage
decrease) new count = 300 × after decrease.
0.9 = 270
Circle Area A = πr² A(6m) - [A(4m) + Subtract smaller circle
Difference A(2m)] = π(9) - areas from the largest
[π(4) + π(1)] = 4π to get excess area.
Factoring ax² + bx + c → 3x² - 6x + 9 = 3(x² - Extract common
Quadratics Factorization 2x + 3) factor first before
factoring further.
Exponents (px)^y = p^(xy) (2³)² = 2^(3×2) = 2⁶ Multiply exponents
= 64 when raising a power
to another power.
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Volume Cube Volume = side³ Small cube (side=2) Compare volumes by
Proportion volume = 2³ = 8, cubing side lengths.
Large cube
(side=4) volume =
4³ = 64
Perimeter - P = Diameter + πr P = 16 + 2π, where Add straight and
Semi-circle diameter = 8 and curved portions to get
radius = 4 the perimeter.
Proportions Cross multiplication If 2/p = 6/q, then 2q Solve proportionality
= 6p → solve for equations using cross
unknown values multiplication.
Algebraic (x + y)² = x² + y² + Given x²+y²=10, Use identity
Expansion 2xy xy=-3, then (x+y)² = expansion to simplify
10 + 2(-3) = 4 expressions.
Number Series Find pattern in 1, -1, 8, -4, 15, -7, Observe and follow
numbers 22, next = 29 alternating patterns.
(increment by 7,
alternate sign)
Inequality -x < -y when x > y If x = 5 and y = 3, Multiplying by
Properties then -5 < -3 negative reverses
inequality signs.
Coordinate Distance = sqrt((x₂- If A(-1,0) and Use Pythagorean
Distance x₁)² + (y₂-y₁)²) C(2,4), then AC = theorem to find
sqrt((2+1)² + (4-0)²) distances.
= sqrt(9+16) = 5
Triangle Area Use base-height Compare areas by Analyze relative areas
Comparison relation or formula checking base and using formulas.
height values
Averages Average = Total If total runs = 11000 Divide total by count
Runs / Matches and matches = 220, to get mean value.
then avg =
11000/220 = 50
Approximate Find nearest integer √24 is closer to 5 Estimate by squaring
Square Root for √24 than 4 nearby whole
numbers.
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Bulb Lifetime Independent failure If each bulb lasts 1 Each bulb operates
Analysis assumption month, 10 bulbs still independently.
last 1 month
Inequality x > y, y < z → Test various values Logical reasoning for
Analysis Compare to confirm which comparisons.
expressions statements hold
Geometric Next term = Previous 1 → ½ → ¼ → 1/8 Identify halving
Sequence Term / 2 → 1/16 → Next = pattern for sequence.
1/32
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