Vitamin D 3rd Edition

Visit the link below to download the full version of this book:

https://medipdf.com/product/vitamin-d-3rd-edition/

Click Download Now

 Contents

Preface to the 3rd Edition ix 11. Target Genes of Vitamin D: Spatio-temporal Interaction of
Preface to the 2nd Edition xi Chromatin, VDR, and Response Elements 211
Preface to the 1st Edition xiii Carsten Carlberg
Contributors xv 12. Epigenetic Modifications in Vitamin D Receptor-mediated
Introduction xxi Transrepression 227
Abbreviations xxiii Alexander Kouzmenko, Fumiaki Ohtake, Ryoji Fujiki,
Relevant Lab Values in Adults and Children xxix Shigeaki Kato
13. Vitamin D and Wnt/b-Catenin Signaling 235
José Manuel González-Sancho, Marı´a Jesús Larriba,
VOLUME I Alberto Muñoz
14. Vitamin D Response Element-binding Protein 251
Thomas S. Lisse, Hong Chen, Mark S. Nanes, Martin Hewison,
I John S. Adams
CHEMISTRY, METABOLISM, 15. Vitamin D Sterol/VDR Conformational Dynamics and
CIRCULATION Nongenomic Actions 271
Mathew T. Mizwicki, Anthony W. Norman
1. Historical Overview of Vitamin D 3
Hector F. Deluca
2. Photobiology of Vitamin D 13
Michael F. Holick III
3. The Activating Enzymes of Vitamin D Metabolism
(25- and 1a-Hydroxylases) 23 MINERAL AND BONE HOMEOSTASIS
Glenville Jones, David E. Prosser 16. Genetic and Epigenetic Control of the Regulatory Machinery
4. CYP24A1: Structure, Function, and Physiological Role 43 for Skeletal Development and Bone Formation: Contributions
René St. Arnaud of Vitamin D3 301
5. The Vitamin D Binding Protein DBP 57 Jane B. Lian, Gary S. Stein, Martin Montecino, Janet L. Stein,
Roger Bouillon
Andre J. van Wijnen
6. Industrial Aspects of Vitamin D 73 17. Vitamin D Regulation of Osteoblast Function 321
Arnold Lippert Hirsch
Renny T. Franceschi, Yan Li
18. Osteoclasts 335
F. Patrick Ross
II 19. Molecular Mechanisms for Regulation of Intestinal Calcium
and Phosphate Absorption by Vitamin D 349
MECHANISMS OF ACTION James C. Fleet, Ryan D. Schoch
7. The Vitamin D Receptor: Biochemical, Molecular, 20. The Calbindins: Calbindin-D28K and Calbindin-D9K
Biological, and Genomic Era Investigations 97 and the Epithelial Calcium Channels TRPV5 and
J. Wesley Pike, Mark B. Meyer, Seong Min Lee TRPV6 363
8. Nuclear Vitamin D Receptor: Natural Ligands, Molecular Sylvia Christakos, Leila J. Mady, Puneet Dhawan
StructureeFunction, and Transcriptional Control of Vital 21. Mineralization 381
Genes 137 Eve Donnelly, Adele L. Boskey
Mark R. Haussler, G. Kerr Whitfield, Carol A. Haussler, 22. Vitamin D Regulation of Type I Collagen Expression in
Jui-Cheng Hsieh, Peter W. Jurutka Bone 403
9. Structural Basis for Ligand Activity in VDR 171 Barbara E. Kream, Alexander C. Lichtler
Natacha Rochel, Dino Moras 23. Target Genes: Bone Proteins 411
10. Coregulators of VDR-mediated Gene Expression 193 Gerald J. Atkins, David M. Findlay, Paul H. Anderson,
Diane R. Dowd, Paul N. MacDonald Howard A. Morris

v
vi CONTENTS

24. Vitamin D and the Calcium-Sensing Receptor 425 40. Vitamin D and the Renin-Angiotensin System 707
Edward M. Brown Yan Chun Li
25. Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Voltage-Sensitive 41. Parathyroid Hormone, Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein,
Calcium Channels in Osteoblast Differentiation and and Calcitonin 725
Morphology 457 Elizabeth Holt, John J. Wysolmerski
William R. Thompson, Mary C. Farach-Carson 42. FGF23/Klotho New Regulators of Vitamin D Metabolism 747
Valentin David, L. Darryl Quarles
43. The Role of the Vitamin D Receptor in Bile Acid
Homeostasis 763
IV Daniel R. Schmidt, Steven A. Kliewer, David J. Mangelsdorf
TARGETS 44. Vitamin D and Fat 769
Francisco J.A. de Paula, Clifford J. Rosen
26. Vitamin D and the Kidney 471
45. Extrarenal 1a-Hydroxylase 777
Peter Tebben, Rajiv Kumar
Martin Hewison, John S. Adams
27. Vitamin D and the Parathyroids 493
Justin Silver, Tally Naveh-Many
28. Cartilage 507
Barbara D. Boyan, Maryam Doroudi, Zvi Schwartz VI
29. Vitamin D and Oral Health 521 DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
Ariane Berdal, Muriel Molla, Vianney Descroix
30. The Role of Vitamin D and its Receptor in Skin and Hair 46. Approach to the Patient with Metabolic Bone Disease 807
Follicle Biology 533 Michael P. Whyte
Marie B. Demay 47. Detection of Vitamin D and Its Major Metabolites 823
31. Vitamin D and the Cardiovascular System 541 Bruce W. Hollis
David G. Gardner, Songcang Chen, Denis J. Glenn, Wei Ni 48. Bone Histomorphometry 845
32. Vitamin D: A Neurosteroid Affecting Brain Development Linda Skingle, Juliet Compston
and Function; Implications for Neurological and Psychiatric 49. Radiology of Rickets and Osteomalacia 861
Disorders 565 Judith E. Adams
Darryl Eyles, Thomas Burne, John McGrath 50. High-Resolution Imaging Techniques for Bone Quality
33. Contributions of Genetically Modified Mouse Models to Assessment 891
Understanding the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the 25- Andrew J. Burghardt, Roland Krug, Sharmila Majumdar
Hydroxyvitamin D-1-Alpha Hydroxylase Enzyme (1a(OH) 51. The Role of Vitamin D in Orthopedic Surgery 927
ase) and the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) 583 Aasis Unnanuntana, Brian J. Rebolledo, Joseph M. Lane
Geoffrey N. Hendy, Richard Kremer, David Goltzman

VII
V NUTRITION, SUNLIGHT, GENETICS
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY
52. Worldwide Vitamin D Status 947
34. Vitamin D: Role in the Calcium and Phosphorus
Paul Lips, Natasja van Schoor
Economies 607
53. Sunlight, Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer Epidemiology 965
Robert P. Heaney
Gary G. Schwartz
35. Fetus, Neonate and Infant 625
54. Nutrition and Lifestyle Effects on Vitamin D Status 979
Christopher S. Kovacs
Susan J. Whiting, Mona S. Calvo
36. Vitamin D Deficiency and Calcium Absorption during
55. Bone Loss, Vitamin D and Bariatric Surgery: Nutrition and
Childhood 647
Obesity 1009
Steven A. Abrams
Lenore Arab, Ian Yip
37. Adolescence and Acquisition of Peak Bone Mass 657
56. Genetics of the Vitamin D Endocrine System 1025
Connie Weaver, Richard Lewis, Emma Laing
André G. Uitterlinden
38. Vitamin D Metabolism in Pregnancy and Lactation 679
57. The Pharmacology of Vitamin D 1041
Natalie W. Thiex, Heidi J. Kalkwarf, Bonny L. Specker
Reinhold Vieth
39. Vitamin D: Relevance in Reproductive Biology and
58. How to Define Optimal Vitamin D Status 1067
Pathophysiological Implications in Reproductive
Roger Bouillon
Dysfunction 695
Lubna Pal, Hugh S. Taylor Volume I Color Plate Section
 CONTENTS vii

VOLUME II 76. Analogs of Calcitriol 1461

Lieve Verlinden, Guy Eelen, Roger Bouillon, Maurits
Vandewalle, Pierre De Clercq, Annemieke Verstuyf
VIII 77. Analogs for the Treatment of Osteoporosis 1489
Noboru Kubodera, Fumiaki Takahashi
DISORDERS 78. Non-secosteroidal Ligands and Modulators 1497
59. The Hypocalcemic Disorders: Differential Diagnosis and Keith R. Stayrook, Matthew W. Carson, Yanfei L. Ma,
Therapeutic Use of Vitamin D 1091 Jeffrey A. Dodge
Thomas O. Carpenter, Karl L. Insogna 79. The Bile Acid Derivatives Lithocholic Acid Acetate and
60. Vitamin D Deficiency and Nutritional Rickets in Lithocholic Acid Propionate are Functionally Selective
Children 1107 Vitamin D Receptor Ligands 1509
John M. Pettifor Makoto Makishima, Sachiko Yamada
61. Vitamin D and Osteoporosis 1129 80. CYP24A1 Regulation in Health and Disease 1525
Peter R. Ebeling, John A. Eisman Martin Petkovich, Christian Helvig, Tina Epps
62. Relevance of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adult 81. Calcitriol and Analogs in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney
Fracture and Fall Prevention 1145 Disease 1555
Heike Bischoff-Ferrari, Bess Dawson-Hughes Ishir Bhan, Ravi Thadhani
63. Clinical Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis 1155
Karen E. Hansen, Marc K. Drezner
64. Pseudo-vitamin D Deficiency 1187
X
Francis H. Glorieux, Thomas Edouard, René St-Arnaud CANCER
65. Hereditary 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D-Resistant
Rickets 1197 82. The Epidemiology of Vitamin D and Cancer Risk 1569
Peter J. Malloy, Dov Tiosano, David Feldman Edward Giovannucci
66. Glucocorticoids and Vitamin D 1233
83. Vitamin D: Cancer and Differentiation 1591
Johannes P.T.M. van Leeuwen, Marjolein van Driel,
Philip Sambrook
David Feldman, Alberto Muñoz
67. Drug and Hormone Effects on Vitamin D Metabolism 1245
Barrie M. Weinstein, Sol Epstein
84. Vitamin D Effects on Differentiation and Cell Cycle 1625
George P. Studzinski, Elzbieta Gocek, Michael Danilenko
68. Vitamin D and Organ Transplantation 1291
Emily M. Stein, Elizabeth Shane
85. Vitamin D Actions in Mammary Gland and Breast
Cancer 1657
69. Vitamin D and Bone Mineral Metabolism in
JoEllen Welsh
Hepatogastrointestinal Diseases 1299
Daniel D. Bikle 86. Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer 1675
Aruna V. Krishnan, David Feldman
70. Vitamin D and Renal Disease 1325
Adriana S. Dusso, Eduardo Slatopolsky
87. The Vitamin D System and Colorectal Cancer
Prevention 1711
71. Idiopathic Hypercalciuria and Nephrolithiasis 1359
Heide S. Cross
Murray J. Favus, Fredric L. Coe
72. Hypercalcemia Due to Vitamin D Toxicity 1381
88. Hematological Malignancy 1731
Ryoko Okamoto, H. Phillip Koeffler
Natalie E. Cusano, Susan Thys-Jacobs,
John P. Bilezikian
89. Vitamin D and Skin Cancer 1751
73. Vitamin D: Cardiovascular Effects and Vascular Jean Y. Tang, Ervin H. Epstein, Jr.
Calcification 1403 90. The Anti-tumor Effects of Vitamin D in Other
Dwight A. Towler Cancers 1763
Donald L. Trump, Candace S. Johnson

IX
ANALOGS
XI
IMMUNITY, INFLAMMATION,
74. Alterations in 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
Structure that Produce Profound Changes in in Vivo
AND DISEASE
Activity 1429 91. Vitamin D and Innate Immunity 1777
Hector F. DeLuca, Lori A. Plum John H. White
75. Mechanisms for the Selective Actions of Vitamin D 92. Control of Adaptive Immunity by Vitamin D Receptor
Analogs 1437 Agonists 1789
Alex J. Brown Luciano Adorini
viii CONTENTS

93. The Role of Vitamin D in Innate Immunity: Antimicrobial 99. Vitamin D Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Benign
Activity, Oxidative Stress and Barrier Function 1811 Prostatic Hyperplasia 1931
Philip T. Liu Annamaria Morelli, Mario Maggi, Luciano Adorini
94. Vitamin D and Diabetes 1825 100. Sunlight Protection by Vitamin D Compounds 1943
Conny Gysemans, Hannelie Korf, Chantal Mathieu Rebecca S. Mason, Katie M. Dixon, Vanessa B. Sequeira,
95. Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis 1843 Clare Gordon-Thomson
Colleen E. Hayes, Faye E. Nashold, Christopher G. Mayne, 101. The Role of Vitamin D in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatic
Justin A. Spanier, Corwin D. Nelson Disease 1955
96. Vitamin D and Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1879 M. Kyla Shea, Timothy E. McAlindon
Danny Bruce, Margherita T. Cantorna 102. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease 1973
97. Psoriasis and Other Skin Diseases 1891 Harald Sourij, Harald Dobnig
Jörg Reichrath, Michael F. Holick 103. Vitamin D, Childhood Wheezing, Asthma, and Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 1999
Carlos A. Camargo Jr., Adit A. Ginde, Jonathan M. Mansbach
104. Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle Function 2023
Lisa Ceglia, Robert U. Simpson
XII 105. The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Rationale
and Design of a Large-Scale Randomized Controlled
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
Trial 2043
AND NEW ADVANCES Olivia I. Okereke, JoAnn E. Manson
98. The Role of Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes and
Hypertension 1907 Index 2057
Anastassios G. Pittas, Bess Dawson-Hughes Volume II Color Plate Section
 Preface to the 3rd Edition

The 3rd edition of Vitamin D was written at a time of have added 32 new chapters to cover previously uncov-
great interest, exuberant hype, and even commotion in ered areas of research. In addition, we have changed the
the public and lay press about vitamin D as a potential authorship of 20 additional chapters that are now
drug to treat and/or prevent multiple important and written by different authors who have been charged
common diseases. Recent noteworthy events impacting with revising and updating previous chapters. These
the vitamin D field were the launching of the VITAL trial extensive modifications, with major updates and expan-
to discover whether vitamin D supplementation can sion of the content and the addition of totally new mate-
reduce the risk of severe and life-threatening disease rial in half of the chapters, has resulted in a substantially
and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report setting new reorganized, modified, and modernized book compared
dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for calcium and vitamin to the 2nd edition. Finally, the expanded internet avail-
D. The IOM report expressed doubt on how well current ability of the text and the figures will make access to
data supported the beneficial actions of vitamin D on the material easier and more flexible.
nonskeletal sites and called for more research to prove Among the areas given new emphasis are nutrition,
the hypothesis. This volume marshals the currently additional diseases that may be affected by vitamin D,
available data on basic mechanisms, normal physiology, and newly recognized biological pathways that regulate
and effects on disease and lays out for the reader up-to- or are regulated by vitamin D. As we appreciate the full
date and expert information on the role of vitamin D in scope of vitamin D action, it has become clearer that the
health and many disorders. These and other current vitamin D endocrine system affects most if not all tissues
trends in vitamin D research are extensively covered in in the body. We have tried to keep up with these advances
this new edition. in the state of knowledge about vitamin D by increasing
The editors have continued our basic plan to our coverage of these newly recognized areas. We have
constantly renew and remodel this book with each enlisted the leading investigators in each area to provide
successive edition. To this end, we have added a new truly expert opinion about each field.
editor, Dr. John Adams, who has broad skill and knowl- We would like to thank the excellent team at Elsev-
edge in many areas of vitamin D research at both the ier/Academic Press for their outstanding support of
basic science and clinical levels. John replaces Francis our efforts to produce this new edition. We especially
Glorieux who has undertaken to edit a separate book thank Mara Conner and Megan Wickline for their indis-
on pediatric bone disease. We thank Francis for his years pensable contributions to make this edition possible. We
of exemplary service to this book and wish him well in also want to extend our thanks and appreciation to the
his new endeavors. John adds new energy and expertise many authors who contributed to this volume. Without
to the editorial team. their hard work there of course would be no new
The 3rd edition has 105 chapters, making the book edition. We therefore wish to express our gratitude for
approximately the same size as the 2nd edition. their willingness to offer their time and knowledge to
However, the editors have worked very hard to revise make this book a success. Finally, we hope that this
and update this edition with new material and the book will provide for our readers the authoritative
presentation of fresh and different perspectives from information that they seek about the significance and
respected authors. Some chapters covered in the 2nd importance of vitamin D in health and disease and
edition have not been continued in this edition because serve as the means to keep their knowledge current
relatively little new research was added in those areas. about the continuing growth of the field of vitamin D
We thank the authors who are no longer contributing biology.
to this edition for their previous efforts. They may well
be asked to write in the next edition as we continue David Feldman
our strategy of rotating authors. All chapters have
J. Wesley Pike
been revised and updated and new references added.
In our revitalization of the material in the book we John S. Adams

ix
This page intentionally left blank
 Preface to the 2nd Edition

Those interested in the vitamin D field will not be incorporate all of the progress made in the field since
surprised that this second edition is considerably larger the first edition was published so that our objective of
than the first edition. A great deal of progress has been an up-to-date compendium containing everything you
made since the first edition was published in 1997. wanted to know about vitamin D will continue.
However, our goal in planning this updated version The second edition is essentially a new and reinvigo-
remains the same. We have endeavored to provide rated book. We have changed the symbol on the cover
investigators, clinicians, and students with a comprehen- to reflect its updated content and the field’s continued
sive, definitive, and up-to-date compendium of the evolution into the molecular world. This new edition
diverse scientific and clinical aspects of vitamin D, now includes 104 chapters. In order to cover the growth
each area covered by experts in the field. Our hope for of new information on vitamin D, we have had to
the second edition is that this book will continue to serve publish this new edition in two volumes. In addition,
as both a resource for current researchers, as well as the book has undergone some major remodeling. There
a guide to assist those in related disciplines to enter are 33 completely new chapters and 18 other chapters
the realm of vitamin D research. We hope that this have had major changes in authorship and are totally
book will illuminate the vitamin D field and help inves- rewritten. While approximately half of the chapters
tigators identify areas where new research is needed as have some of the same authors, all have had major
well as educate them about what is currently known. updates and many have new co-authors with new
We believe that the first edition succeeded in stimulating perspectives. We have endeavored to attract the leading
interactions between researchers and clinicians from investigators in each field to author the chapter
different disciplines and that it facilitated collaborations. covering their area. We are especially pleased with
As we move from basic science and physiology to the the roster of authors who have written for the second
use of vitamin D and its analogs as pharmacological edition. They really are the leaders in their respective
agents to treat various diseases, the need for cross- fields.
collaborations between researchers and clinicians from We wish to express our thanks to Tari Paschall, Judy
different disciplines will increase. We hope that this Meyer, and Sarah Hajduk as well as the rest of the Elsev-
new volume will continue to be a valuable resource ier/Academic Press staff for their expertise and indis-
that plays a role in this advancement and stimulates pensable contribution to bringing this revised edition
and facilitates these interactions. to fruition. Most of all, we thank the authors for their
Enormous progress in the study of vitamin D has contributions. We hope that our readers will find this
been made in the approximately eight years since the updated volume useful and informative and that it
first edition was written and we hope that this book will contribute to the burgeoning growth of the vitamin
has contributed in some way to this progress. The first D field.
edition proved to be highly valuable to its readers and
the chapters have been cited frequently as authoritative David Feldman
reviews of the field. However, it became clear to us that
J. Wesley Pike
the time was ripe to organize a second edition. Building
on the original, we hope this second edition will Francis H. Glorieux

xi
This page intentionally left blank
 Preface to the 1st Edition

Our reasons for deciding to publish an entire book vitamin D in the etiology and treatment of rickets, oste-
devoted to vitamin D can be found in the rapid and omalacia, and osteoporosis and the pathophysiological
extensive advances currently being made in this impor- basis, diagnosis, and management of numerous clinical
tant field of research. Enormous progress in investi- disorders involving vitamin D.
gating many aspects of vitamin D, from basic science The recent recognition of an expanded scope of
to clinical medicine, has been made in recent years. vitamin D action and the new investigational approaches
The ever-widening scope of vitamin D research has it has generated were part of the impetus for developing
created new areas of inquiry so that even workers this volume on vitamin D. It has become clear that in
immersed in the field are not fully aware of the entire addition to the classic vitamin D actions, a new spectrum
spectrum of current investigation. Our goal in planning of vitamin D activities that include important effects on
this book was to bring the diverse scientific and clinical cellular proliferation, differentiation, and the immune
fields together in one definitive and up-to-date volume. system has been identified. This new information has
It is our hope that this compendium on vitamin D will greatly expanded our understanding of the breadth of
serve as both a resource for current researchers and vitamin D action and has opened for investigation a large
a guide to stimulate and assist those in related disci- number of new avenues of research that are covered in
plines to enter this field of research. In addition, we Sections VII and VIII of this volume. Furthermore, these
hope to provide clinicians and students with a compre- recently recognized nonclassic actions have led to
hensive source of information for the varied and exten- a consideration of the potential application of vitamin D
sive material related to vitamin D. therapy to a range of diseases not previously envisioned.
The explosion of information in the vitamin D sphere This therapeutic potential has spawned the search for
has led to new insights into many different areas, and in vitamin D analogs that might have a more favorable
our treatment of each subject in this book we have tried therapeutic profile, one that is less active in causing
to emphasize the recent advances as well as the estab- hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria while more active in
lished concepts. The classic view of vitamin D action, a desired application such as inducing antiproliferation,
as a hormone limited to calcium metabolism and bone prodifferentiation, or immunosuppresion. Since 1a,25-
homeostasis, has undergone extensive revision and dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and its analogs are
amplification in the past few years. We now know that all presumed to act via a single VDR, a few years ago
the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in most tissues most of us probably would have thought that it was
of the body and that vitamin D actions, in addition to the impossible to achieve a separation of these activities.
classic ones, include important effects on an extensive Yet today, many analogs that exhibit different profiles
array of other target organs. To cover this large number of activity relative to 1,25(OH)2D have already been
of subjects, we have organized the book in the following produced and extensively studied. The development of
manner: Section I, the enzymes involved in vitamin D analogs with an improved therapeutic index has opened
metabolism and the activities of the various metabolites; another large and complex area of vitamin D research.
Section II, the mechanism of action of vitamin D, This work currently encompasses three domains: (1)
including rapid, nongenomic actions and the role of the design and synthesis of vitamin D analogs exhibiting
the VDR in health and disease; Section III, the effects a separation of actions with less hypercalcemic and more
of vitamin D and its metabolites on the various elements antiproliferative or immunosuppressive activity, (2) the
that constitute bone and the expanded understanding of interesting biological question of the mechanism(s) by
vitamin D actions in multiple target organs, both classic which these analogs achieve their differential activity,
and nonclassic; Section IV, the role of vitamin D in the and (3) the investigation of the potential therapeutic
physiology and regulation of calcium and phosphate applications of these analogs to treat various disease
metabolism and the multiplicity of hormonal, environ- states. These new therapeutic applications, from psori-
mental, and other factors influencing vitamin D metab- asis to cancer, from immunosuppression to neurodegen-
olism and action; and Sections V and VI, the role of erative diseases, have drawn into the field an expanded

xiii
xiv PREFACE TO THE 1ST EDITION

population of scientists and physicians interested in of the different authors working in overlapping fields.
vitamin D. In this regard, we have endeavored to provide many
Our goal in editing this book was to create a compre- cross-references to guide the reader to related informa-
hensive resource on vitamin D that would be of use to tion in different chapters.
a mix of researchers in different disciplines. To achieve We express our thanks to Jasna Markovac (Editor-in-
this goal, we sought authors who had contributed Chief), for encouraging us to develop this book
greatly to their respective fields of vitamin D research. and guiding us through the process; to Tari Paschall
The book has a large number of chapters to accommo- (Acquisitions Editor) and the Academic Press staff for
date many contributors and provide expertise in their diligence, expertise, and patience in helping us
multiple areas. Introductory chapters in each section of complete this work. Most of all, we thank the authors
the book are designed to furnish an overview of that for their contributions that have made this book
area of vitamin D research, with other chapters devoted possible.
to a narrowly focused subject. Adjacent and closely
related subjects are often covered in separate chapters David Feldman
by other authors. While this intensive style may occa-
Francis H. Glorieux
sionally create some redundancy, it has the advantage
of allowing the reader to view the diverse perspectives J. Wesley Pike
 Contributors

Steven A. Abrams USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Mona S. Calvo US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel,
Research Center, Houston, TX, USA (647) MD, USA (979)
John S. Adams UCLA-Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles, Carlos A. Camargo Jr. Massachusetts General Hospital,
CA, USA (251, 777) Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (1999)
Judith E. Adams Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, Margherita Cantorna The Pennsylvania State University,
UK and Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University Park, PA, USA (1879)
The University, Manchester, UK (861) Carsten Carlberg University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Luciano Adorini Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Perugia, Italy and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (211)
(1789, 1931) Thomas O. Carpenter Yale University School of Medicine,
Paul H. Anderson SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, New Haven, CT, USA (1091)
Australia and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Matthew W. Carson Lilly Research Laboratories,
South Australia, Australia (411) Indianapolis, IN, USA (1497)
Lenore Arab David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Lisa Ceglia Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA (2023)
Angeles, CA, USA (1009) Hong Chen Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta,
Gerald J. Atkins University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South GA, USA (251)
Australia, Australia (411) Songcang Chen University of California at San Francisco,
Ariane Berdal Universities Paris 5, Paris 6 and Paris 7, Paris, San Francisco, CA, USA (541)
France and Rothchild Hospital, Assistance Publique- Sylvia Christakos University of Medicine and Dentistry of
Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (521) New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ,
Ishir Bhan Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (363)
USA (1555) Fredric L. Coe The University of Chicago Pritzker School of
Daniel Bikle Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA (1359)
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA (1299) Juliet Compston Cambridge University Hospitals NHS
John P. Bilezikian Columbia University College of Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK (845)
Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA (1381) Heide S. Cross Retired, Medical University of Vienna,
Heike Bischoff-Ferrari University of Zurich, Switzerland Austria (1711)
and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (1145) Natalie E. Cusano Columbia University College of
Adele L. Boskey Hospital for Special Surgery, affiliated with Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA (1381)
Weil College of Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, Bess Dawson-Hughes Tufts University, Boston, MA,
USA (381) USA (1145, 1907)
Roger Bouillon Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pierre De Clercq Universiteit Gent, Vakgroep voor
Endocrinology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (57, 1067, Organische Chemie, Gent, Belgium (1461)
1461) Hector DeLuca University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI,
Barbara D. Boyan Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA (1429)
GA, USA (507) Michael Danilenko Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,
Alex J. Brown Washington University School of Medicine, Beer-Sheva, Israel (1625)
St. Louis, MO, USA (1437) Valentin David University of Tennessee Health Science
Edward M. Brown Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Center, Memphis, TN, USA (747)
MA, USA (425) Hector F. Deluca University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Danny Bruce The Pennsylvania State University, University Madison, WI, USA (3)
Park, PA, USA (1879) Marie B. Demay Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard
Andrew J. Burghardt University of California, San Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (533)
Francisco, CA, USA (891) Francisco J.A. de Paula Maine Medical Center Research
Thomas Burne The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, School of
Australia and University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Australia (565) (769)

xv
xvi CONTRIBUTORS

Vianney Descroix Universities Paris 5, Paris 6 and Paris 7, David G. Gardner University of California at San Francisco,
Paris, France and Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance San Francisco, CA, USA (541)
Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris France (521) Adit A. Ginde University of Colorado Denver School of
Puneet Dhawan University of Medicine and Dentistry of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA (1999)
New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ,
Edward Giovannucci Harvard School of Public
USA (363)
Health, Boston, MA, USA and Brigham and Women’s
Katie M. Dixon University of Sydney, NSW, Australia Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
(1943) USA (1569)
Harald Dobnig Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Denis J. Glenn University of California at San Francisco,
(1973) San Francisco, CA, USA (541)
Jeffrey A. Dodge Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Francis H. Glorieux Shriners Hospital for Children,
IN, USA (1497) Montreal, Quebec, Canada (1187)
Eve Donnelly Hospital for Special Surgery, affiliated with
Elzbieta Gocek University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
Weil College of Cornell Medical School, New York, NY,
(1625)
USA (381)
David Goltzman McGill University and Royal Victoria
Maryam Doroudi Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre,
GA, USA (507)
Montreal, Quebec, Canada (583)
Diane R. Dowd Case Western Reserve University,
José Manuel González-Sancho Universidad Autónoma de
Cleveland, OH, USA (193)
Madrid, Madrid, Spain (235)
Marc K. Drezner William H. Middleton Veterans
Clare Gordon-Thomson University of Sydney, NSW,
Administration Medical Center, Madison, WI, USA (1155)
Australia (1943)
Adriana S. Dusso Experimental Nephrology Laboratory,
Conny Gysemans Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven,
Lleida, Spain (1325)
Belgium (1825)
Peter R. Ebeling University of Melbourne, Victoria,
Karen E. Hansen University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,
Australia (1129)
USA (1155)
Thomas Edouard Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal,
Carol A. Haussler University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ,
Quebec, Canada (1187)
USA (137)
Guy Eelen Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven,
Mark R. Haussler University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ,
Belgium (1461)
USA (137)
John A. Eisman Garvan Institute of Medical Research,
Colleen E. Hayes University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Sydney, Australia (1129)
Madison, WI, USA (1843)
Tina Epps Cytochroma Inc., Markham, Ontario, Canada
Robert P. Heaney Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
(1525)
(607)
Ervin H. Epstein Jr. Children’s Hospital Oakland Research
Christian Helvig Cytochroma Inc., Markham, Ontario,
Institute, Oakland, CA, USA (1751)
Canada (1525)
Sol Epstein Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY,
Geoffrey N. Hendy McGill University and Royal Victoria
USA (1245)
Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre,
Darryl Eyles The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (583)
Australia and University of Queensland, St. Lucia,
Martin Hewison UCLA-Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles,
Australia (565)
CA, USA (251, 777)
Mary C. Farach-Carson Rice University, Houston, TX,
Arnold Lippert Hirsch AGD Nutrition LLC, Lewisville,
USA (457)
Texas, USA (73)
Murray J. Favus The University of Chicago Pritzker School
Michael F. Holick Boston Medical Center and Boston
of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA (1359)
University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA (13,
David Feldman Stanford University School of Medicine, 1891)
Stanford, CA, USA (1197, 1591, 1675) Bruce W. Hollis Medical University of South Carolina,
David M. Findlay University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Charleston, SC, USA (823)
Australia, Australia (411) Elizabeth Holt Yale University School of Medicine, New
James C. Fleet Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, Haven, CT, USA (725)
USA (349) Jui-Cheng Hsieh University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ,
Renny T. Franceschi University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (137)
MI, USA (321) Karl L. Insogna Yale University School of Medicine, New
Ryoji Fujiki University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (227) Haven, CT, USA (1091)
 CONTRIBUTORS xvii
Candace Johnson Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, Paul Lips VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The
NY, USA (1763) Netherlands (947)
Glenville Jones Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Philip T. Liu University of California at Los Angeles, CA,
Canada (23) USA (1811)
Peter W. Jurutka Arizona State University at the West Thomas S. Lisse UCLA-Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles,
Campus, Glendale, AZ, USA (137) CA, USA (251)
Heidi J. Kalkwarf Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Yanfei L. Ma Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN,
Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA (679) USA (1497)
Shigeaki Kato University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (227) Paul N. MacDonald Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA (193)
Steven A. Kliewer University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA (763) Leila Mady University of Medicine and Dentistry of
New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ,
H. Phillip Koeffler Division of Hematology and Oncology,
USA (363)
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA and
National University of Singapore, Singapore (1731) Mario Maggi University of Florence, Florence, Italy (1931)
Hannelie Korf Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Sharmila Majumdar University of California, San Francisco,
Belgium (1825) CA, USA (891)
Alexander Kouzmenko University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Makoto Makishima Nihon University School of Medicine,
and Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Tokyo, Japan (1509)
Arabia (227) Peter J. Malloy Stanford University School of Medicine,
Stanford, CA, USA (1197)
Christopher S. Kovacs Memorial University of
Newfoundland, Health Sciences Centre, St. John’s, David J. Mangelsdorf University of Texas Southwestern
Newfoundland, Canada (625) Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA (763)
Barbara E. Kream University of Connecticut Health Center, Jonathan M. Mansbach Children’s Hospital Boston,
Farmington, CT, USA (403) Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (1999)
Richard Kremer McGill University and Royal Victoria JoAnn E. Manson Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (2043)
Montreal, Quebec, Canada (583) Rebecca S. Mason University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
Aruna V. Krishnan Stanford University School of Medicine, (1943)
Stanford, CA, USA (1675) Chantal Mathieu Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven,
Roland Krug University of California, San Francisco, CA, Belgium (1825)
USA (891) Christopher G. Mayne Medical College of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, WI, USA (1843)
Noboru Kubodera Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo,
Japan, present address: International Institute of Active Timothy M. McAlindon Tufts Medical Center and
Vitamin D Analogs (1489) Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston,
Massachusetts (1955)
Rajiv Kumar Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,
USA (471) John McGrath The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol,
Australia and University of Queensland, St. Lucia,
Emma M. Laing University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Australia (565)
(657)
Mark B. Meyer University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,
Joseph M. Lane Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,
WI, USA (97)
USA (927)
Mathew T. Mizwicki University of California, Riverside,
Marı́a Jesús Larriba Consejo Superior de Investigacio
nes
CA, USA (271)
Cientificas (235)
Muriel Molla Universities Paris 5, Paris 6 and Paris 7, Paris,
Seong Min Lee University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,
France and Rothchild Hospital, Assistance Publique-
WI, USA (97)
Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (521)
Richard D. Lewis University of Georgia, Athens, GA, Martin Montecino Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago,
USA (657) Chile (301)
Yan Li University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (321) Dino Moras Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch,
Yan Chun Li The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA France (171)
(707) Annamaria Morelli University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Jane B. Lian University of Massachusetts Medical School, (1931)
Worcester, MA, USA (301) Howard A. Morris SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia,
Alexander C. Lichtler University of Connecticut Health Australia and University of South Australia, Adelaide,
Center, Farmington, CT, USA (403) South Australia, Australia (411)