Expanded
Program of
Immunization
Winli Ivan D.S. Tragico
Allia Kayle R. Lebin
Table of Contents
Expanded Program on Immunization
Preventive/
1 Definition 4 Promote
Different
2 The Cause 5 Vaccines
Program Nursing
3 Objectives/ Goals
6 Implications
WHAT IS EPI?
To guarantee that mothers and babies have access
to the often advised infant/childhood
immunizations, the Expanded Program on
Immunization (EPI) was set up in 1976. The EPI
initially included six vaccine-preventable
illnesses: measles, diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis, poliomyelitis, and tuberculosis.
According to the EPI Comprehensive Program
evaluation, 21.3% of infants younger than 14
months were "fully immunized" in 1986.
The Cause…
Go Back to Agenda Page
1.4 Million
Deaths among children in 2002
Under 5 Years old
were mostly affected during the crisis
14%
Global Total Mortality
Program
Objective/ Goals
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Overall Goal
To reduce the morbidity and
mortality among children against
the most common vaccine-preventable
diseases.
Specific Goals
To immunize all To sustain the To eliminate measles
infants/children polio-free status of infection.
against the most the Philippines.
common vaccine-
preventable
diseases.
Specific Goals
To eliminate To control To prevent extra
maternal and diphtheria, pulmonary
neonatal pertussis, tuberculosis
tetanus hepatitis b and among children.
German measles.
Mandates:
Republic Act No. 10152“Mandatory
Infants and Children Health
Immunization Act of 2011 Signed by
President Benigno Aquino III in July
26, 2010. The mandatory includes
basic immunization for children
under 5 including other types that
will be determined by the Secretary
of Health.
PREVENTIVE
The Department of Health, through its Expanded
Program on Immunization (EPI), aims to immunize
95% of Filipino children against a set of 11
serious but preventable diseases. However, this
target has yet to be reached in the last 30
years. The highest basic vaccination coverage so
far was 80% in 2016. Without a sufficiently high
proportion of children vaccinated, herd immunity
for the population cannot be reached, and
outbreaks of diseases like measles and polio may
easily spread among Filipino children and the
population.
PROMOTIVE
Flyers Seminars
Different Vaccines
DIPHTHERIA,
BACILLUS CALMETTE- ORAL POLIO VACCINE
VACCINES GUERIN (BCG)
PERTUSSIS, TETANUS
(OPV)
HEPATITIS B MEASLES
(DPT)
2 drops depending on
DOSE 0.05 ml 0.05 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml
manufacturer’s instructions
ROUTE Intradermal Intramuscular Oral Intramuscular Subcutaneous
SITE Right Deltoid of the Arm Upper portion of thigh Mouth Upper portion of thigh Outer part of the arm
MINIMUM AGE AT 1st
Birth or Anytime after birth 6 weeks 6 weeks At birth 9 months
Dose
NO. OF DOSES 1 3 3 3 3
6 weeks (1st dose to
MINIMUM INTERVAL
0 4 weeks 4 weeks 2nd dose), 8 weeks (2nd 1
BETWEEN DOSES
dose to 3rd dose)
To protect the child from The extent of protection It reduces the chance of At least 85% of measles
It reduces the chance
REASON TB, Meningitis and other from poiois imcreased if becoming infected and can be prevented at this
from severe pertussis
forms given earlier a carrier, liver cancer age
STORAGE OF
VACCINES
VACCINES STORAGE TEMPERATURE
OPV (Live Attenuated) -15°C to -25°C (Freezer)
Measles (Freeze Dried) -15°C to -25°C (Freezer)
DPT and Hepatitis B Vaccines (D - Weakened Toxin, P - Killed
+2°C to +8°C (Body of the refrigerator)
Bacteria, T - Weakened Toxin)
BCG (Freeze Dried) +2°C to +8°C (Body of the refrigerator)
Tetanus Toxoid +2°C to +8°C (Body of the refrigerator)
Newly Expanded Vaccines
for Immunization
PENTAVALENT VACCINE (Diptheria, Tetanus,
VACCINES Pertusis, Haemophilus Influenzae type B Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
(HIB), Hepatitis B)
DOSE 0.5 ml 0.5 ml
ROUTE Intramuscular Intramuscular or Subcutaneous
Infants: Upper portion of thigh
SITE Upper Portion of thigh Children: Deltoid Muscle (IM), Posterior aspect of the
Upper Arm (SQ)
MINIMUM AGE AT 1st Dose 6 weeks 2 months
NO. OF DOSES 3 4
MINIMUM INTERVAL BETWEEN DOSES 10 and 14 weeks 4 months, 6 to 18 months and 4 to 6 years
STORAGE TEMPERATURE +2°C to +8°C (Body of the refrigerator) +2°C to +8°C (Body of the refrigerator)
Tetanus Toxoid
Minimum Age/ Duration
Vaccine Percent Protected
Interval Protection
As early as possible during
TT1 pregnancy
Infants: Protected from neonatal
TT2 At least 4 weeks later 80% tetanus
Mother: 3 years protection
Infant: Protected from neonatal
TT3 At least 6 weeks later 95% tetanus
Mother: 5 years protection
Infant: Protected from neonatal
TT4 At least 1 year later 99% tetanus
Mother: 10 years protection
Infant: Protected from neonatal
TT5 At least 1 year later 99% tetanus
Mother: Lifetime Immunity
Nursing
implications
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Assessment and monitoring
•Review the child's immunization records
•Determine vaccine to be administered; cautions or
contraindications to receiving the vaccine
•Select the correct needle length and injection site
•Use-age appropriate interventions for reducing pain
•Record: Month, day and year of administration, the site
of administration, the
type of vaccine given, a long with the name of the
manufacturer, lot number.
•Monitor: Observe for at least 15 minutes for severe
reaction
Client
education
•Purpose of vaccine: to help prevent infection
and disease
• Review symptoms and complications of each
disease
nclude older children in the conversation
ReView common side effects and management
• Review risk of the disease versus risk of side
effects
•For rare severe allergic reactions: call
emergency services immediately for itchy rash,
swelling of the face or throat, or difficulty
breathing
Client
education
•Listen to concerns, answer their
questions, clarity any
misconceptions
•Provide vaccine information
statement
•Verify informed consent
•Remind them about the next
scheduled vaccination
Thank you!
REFERENCES
Poliomyelitis Vaccine - Infectious Diseases. (n.d.). MSD Manual Professional
Edition. https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-
diseases/immunization/poliomyelitis-vaccine
Department of Health. (2011). Expanded Program on Immunization | Department of
Health website. Doh.gov.ph. https://doh.gov.ph/expanded-program-on-immunization
R.N, M. S. (2018, March 11). Expanded Program On Immunization - Nursing Roles &
Responsiblities. Nursing Journal | RNspeak. https://rnspeak.com/expanded-program-
on-immunization/
Pentavalent Vaccine Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
2012 Guide for Health Workers with Answers to Frequently Asked Questions. (n.d.).
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/india/tobacoo/pentavalent-vaccine-
guide-for-hws-with-answers-to-faqs.pdf
