STERNBERG THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE
COMPONENTIAL(Analytical Intelligence).
Mental steps or components used to solve problems. Think
abstractly and process information effectively.
EXPERIENTIAL(Creative Intelligence).
Use of experience in ways that foster insight. Formulate new
ideas, to combine seemingly unrelated facts.
CONTEXTUAL(Practical Intelligence).
Ability to read and adapt to everyday life. Shape the environment
to maximize one's strength and compensate one's weaknesses.
HOWARD GARDNER'S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
SPATIAL.
Visualizing the world in 3D. They excels in shapes, designs,
graphics and visualization. DESIGNER, ENGINEER
NATURALIST.
Understanding living things and reading nature. Loves animals,
plants and nature & understands the natural world. BIOLOGIST
MUSICAL.
Discerning sounds, their pitch, tone, rhythm, and timbre. They
excel in performing and composing musical pieces. SINGER,
COMPOSER
LOGICAL- MATHEMATICAL.
Quantifying things making hypotheses and proving them. They
are experts in mathematics and logical thinking. BANKERS,
ACCOUNTANT
EXISTENTIAL.
Tackling the questions of why we live, and why we die.
Understanding the why's of the world.
INTERPERSONAL.
Sensing people's feelings and motives. They have the ability to
organize people, group activities and social relationship. LEADERS,
SOCIAL WORKER
BODILY- KINESTHETIC.
Coordinating your mind with your body. These people excel in
performing sports, physical activities & body movements. ACTORS,
ATHLETE
LINGUISTIC.
Finding the right words to express what you mean. They excels in
words, languages, poetry and literature. POETS, WRITERS
INTRAPERSONAL.
Understanding yourself, what you feel and what you want. They
have the ability to understand one's inner feelings & have self
realization. PHILOSOPHER, CLERGY
CATTELL'S INTELLIGENCE THEORY
FLUID INTELLIGENCE.
Ability to develop techniques for solving problems. Ability to
learn new things and usually short-term memory.
CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE.
Ability to use acquired knowledge for problem solving. Based on
facts and a long-term memory.
VISUAL/ SPATIAL REASONING.
Visual-spatial intelligence is the ability to perceive, analyze,
understand, store, and recall visual information. It allows you to
visualize, create, and manipulate yourself and other items in space.
PERKINS' THEORY OF LEARNABLE INTELLIGENCE
NEURAL.
It can't be changed, the speed process of our brain. Involves the
genetically determined abilities of a person's neurological system.
EXPERIENTIAL.
The accumulated knowledge through experience. The more
experiences we have, the more we expand our experiential
intelligence.
REFLECTIVE.
A person's ability to use and manipulate their mental skills.
These are the thinking strategies that we use to effectively utilize our
neural and experiential intelligence. Self-monitoring and self-
management.
THEORIES OF STYLES
COGNITIVE STYLE
a)Field Independence. Ability to separate details from the
surrounding context. More independent, competitive and self-
confident, perform better in deductive lessons.
b)Field Dependence. Inability to distinguish detail from other
information around it. More socialized, more emphatic and perceptive
of the feelings and thoughts of others, perform better in inductive
lessons.
SCANNING.
Differences in the extent and intensity of attention resulting in
variations in the vividness of experience and the span of awareness.
LEVELING VERSUS SHARPENING.
Individual variations in remembering that pertain to the
distinctiveness of memories and the tendency to merge similar events.
REFLECTION VERSUS IMPULSIVITY .
Individual consistencies in the speed and adequacy with which
alternative hypotheses are formed and responses made.
CONCEPTUAL DIFFERENTIALITIST.
Differences to categorize perceived similarities among stimuli in
terms of separate concepts or dimensions.
THINKING STYLES
CONCRETE RANDOM THINKERS .
Yearn to experiment. Find alternate ways to do things and need
to make choices.
CONCRETE SEQUENTIAL THINKERS.
Identify through their senses. Require structure and organization
and need systematic procedures and steps.
ABSTRACT SEQUENTIAL THINKERS.
Are rational, logical thinkers. Investigate and analyze and need
time to examine and investigate new ideas.
ABSTRACT RANDOM THINKERS.
Identify feelings and emotions. Interact with others, then make
decisions
LEARNING STYLE PREFERENCES
VISUAL.
Visual learners do well when they use symbols, boxes, charts and
colours in their notes. If you find that you learn better by reading and
looking at pictures, diagrams and graphs etc. the chances are you're a
visual learner.
VERBAL.
Techniques used by verbal learners are reciting information out
loud, writing your own notes and highlighting the key points. Having a
passion for words. writing, tongue twisters, rhymes. may indicate that
this learning style is for you.
AURAL.
Aural learning involves using sound and music. Auditory learners
develop understanding and memory by hearing and listening. If you
find it easier to understand spoken instructions rather than reading,
aural learning will benefit you.
PHYSICAL.
Physical learning involves using your body and sense of touch to
learn. Physical learners learn by doing, touching, moving, building. and
are described as a hands-on". If you find it difficult to sit still for long
periods of time, chances are you're a physical learner.
LOGICAL.
Logical learners often learn by asking a lot of questions. Logical
learners want to understand the whole picture. They are natural
thinkers who learn by classifying, categorizing and thinking abstractly
about patterns & relationships etc.
SOCIAL.
Social learners prefer to learn in groups rather than on their own
and like generating ideas by brainstorming with others. If you like
taking part in group sports and prefer social activities than doing
things on your own, you may be a social learner.
FELDER AND SOLOMAN'S MODEL OF LEARNING STYLE
ACTIVE AND REFLECTIVE.
Active learners learn by direct interaction with the material
prefer group communication. Reflective learners like to think about the
material prefer individual or very small group communication.
SENSING AND INQUITIVE.
Sensing learners are detail-oriented and practical with a
preference for concrete facts and real world application. Intuitive
learners have a creative disposition and are drawn to the theoretical
and abstract.
VISUAL AND VERBAL.
Visual learners are better able to remember images they have
seen (charts, graphs, pictures). Verbal learners are better able to
remember written or spoken words.
SEQUENTIAL AND GLOBAL.
Sequential learners prefer learning linearly, with logical steps.
Global learners prefer a holistic approach and seem to learn almost
randomly by fitting pieces together into a big picture.
HARVEY SILVER'S LEARNING STYLE
MASTERY LEARNER.
Wants to learn practical information and procedures. Learn best
when instruction is focused on modeling new skills, practicing, and
feedback sessions.
UNDERSTANDING LEARNER.
Wants to use logic, debate, and inquiry to investigate ideas.
Learn best when they are challenged to think and explain their ideas.
INTERPERSONAL LEARNER.
Wants to learn about things that affect people's lives. Learn best
when their teacher pays attention to their successes and struggles.
SELF- EXPRESSIVE LEARNER.
Wants to use their imaginations to explore ideas. Learn best when they are
invited to express themselves in unique and original ways.
