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What Is JDBC

JDBC, or Java Database Connectivity, is a standard API that enables Java applications to connect to various databases in a database-independent manner. It includes functionalities for making connections, executing SQL queries, and managing records, and operates through a two-layer architecture consisting of the JDBC API and JDBC Driver API. Key components of JDBC include DriverManager, Driver, Connection, Statement, ResultSet, and SQLException, which facilitate database interactions.

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12 views3 pages

What Is JDBC

JDBC, or Java Database Connectivity, is a standard API that enables Java applications to connect to various databases in a database-independent manner. It includes functionalities for making connections, executing SQL queries, and managing records, and operates through a two-layer architecture consisting of the JDBC API and JDBC Driver API. Key components of JDBC include DriverManager, Driver, Connection, Statement, ResultSet, and SQLException, which facilitate database interactions.

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storemeet016
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What is JDBC?

JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity, which is a standard Java API for
database-independent connectivity between the Java programming language
and a wide range of databases.
The JDBC library includes APIs for each of the tasks mentioned below that are
commonly associated with database usage.
 Making a connection to a database.
 Creating SQL or MySQL statements.
 Executing SQL or MySQL queries in the database.
 Viewing & Modifying the resulting records.
Fundamentally, JDBC is a specification that provides a complete set of
interfaces that allows for portable access to an underlying database. Java can
be used to write different types of executables, such as −
 Java Applications
 Java Applets
 Java Servlets
 Java ServerPages (JSPs)
 Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs).
All of these different executables are able to use a JDBC driver to access a
database, and take advantage of the stored data.
JDBC provides the same capabilities as ODBC, allowing Java programs to
contain database-independent code.

JDBC Architecture
The JDBC API supports both two-tier and three-tier processing models for
database access but in general, JDBC Architecture consists of two layers −
 JDBC API − This provides the application-to-JDBC Manager connection.
 JDBC Driver API − This supports the JDBC Manager-to-Driver Connection.
The JDBC API uses a driver manager and database-specific drivers to provide
transparent connectivity to heterogeneous databases.
The JDBC driver manager ensures that the correct driver is used to access each
data source. The driver manager is capable of supporting multiple concurrent
drivers connected to multiple heterogeneous databases.
Following is the architectural diagram, which shows the location of the driver
manager with respect to the JDBC drivers and the Java application −

Common JDBC Components


The JDBC API provides the following interfaces and classes −
 DriverManager − This class manages a list of database drivers. Matches
connection requests from the java application with the proper database
driver using communication sub protocol. The first driver that recognizes
a certain subprotocol under JDBC will be used to establish a database
Connection.
 Driver − This interface handles the communications with the database
server. You will interact directly with Driver objects very rarely. Instead,
you use DriverManager objects, which manages objects of this type. It
also abstracts the details associated with working with Driver objects.
 Connection − This interface with all methods for contacting a database.
The connection object represents communication context, i.e., all
communication with database is through connection object only.
 Statement − You use objects created from this interface to submit the
SQL statements to the database. Some derived interfaces accept
parameters in addition to executing stored procedures.
 ResultSet − These objects hold data retrieved from a database after you
execute an SQL query using Statement objects. It acts as an iterator to
allow you to move through its data.
 SQLException − This class handles any errors that occur in a database
application.

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