PREVIOUS YEARS

CBSE B0ARD QUESTIONS

High 1.2 Types of Relations VSA (1 mark)
Weightage
Topic Write the smallest reflexive
relation on set A=fa.h
MCQ
10. Arelation Rin a set Ais called (20210)
1 Assertion (A):The relation R ={(x, y) : (x +y) is a prime ,if (a,, a,)eR
number and x, ye N} is nota reflexive relation. implies (a, a)e R, for all a, a,e A.
Reason (R): The number 2n' is composite for all 11. Arelation ina set Ais called
(2020)
natural numbers n. element of Ais related to itself. relation, if each
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true (2020) R
and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of SA I (2 marks)
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but 12. Check if the relation R in
the
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of defned as R = {(a, b) : a <setb} Risof real numbers
(i) transitive. () symmetric.
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false. 13. Let W denote the set of (2020)
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. words in the English
dictionary. Define the relation Rby
R= (x. y) eWx Wsuch that x and y
letter in common). have at least one
(2024) An Show that this relation Ris reflexive and
2. Let A=(3, 5). Then number of reflexive relations on Ais but not transitive. symmetric,.
(a) 2 (b) 4 (2020)
(c) 0 (d) 8 (2023) Ap SA I (3 marks)
3. Let Rbea relation in the set Ngiven by
R={(a, b):a =b-2, b> 6). Then 14. Let R be a relation defined over N, where N
is set of
(a) (8, 7)e R natural numbers, defined as "mRn if and only if m is a
(b) (6,8)¬ R multiple of n, m, n e N." Find whetherR
(c) (3, 8) e R (d) (2,4)e R (2023) is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
4 Arelation Ris definedon N. Which of the following is or not. (2025) An
the reflexive relation?
(a) R={lx,y):x >y, x, yeN) 15. A student wants to pair up natural
numbers in such a
(b) R={(x. y): x + y = 10, x, y eN) way that they satisfy the equation 2x +ty = 41, x, ye N.
(C R={(x, y): xy is the Find the domain and range of the relation. Check if
square
(d) R={(x, y):x +4y= 10, x, yenumber,
N)
x, y EN)
the relation thus formed is reflexive,
symmetric and transitive. Hence, state
(Term I, 2021-22) An whether it is an equivalence relation or (2025) An
5 The number of equivalence relations in
(1,2, 3} containing theelements (1, 2) and (2, the set not.

(a) 0 1) is
(b) 1 CBQ (4 marks)
(c) 2 (d) 3 (Term l, 2021-22) An
16. Case Study:A class-room teacher is
6 Arelation R is defined on Z as aRb if and keen to assess
a²- 7ab+ 6b2 = 0. Then, Ris only if the learning of her study concept of
taught to them. She writes the following "relations
(a) reflexive and symmetric fhve
(b) symmetric but not reflexive relationseach defined on the set A={1, 2, 3}:
(c) transitive but not reflexive R, ={(2, 3), (3, 2)}
(d) reflexive but not symmetric
(Term I, 2021-22) Ap Rz ={(1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 2))
7. Let A = {1, 3, 5). Then the
number
relations in Acontaining (1, 3) is of equivalence R3={(1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 1)}
(a) 1 Ra ={(1, 1), (1, 2), (3, 3), (2, 2)}
(c) 3 (b) 2
(d) 4 Rs ={(1, 1), (1, 2), (3, 3), (2, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2)}
8 The relation Rin the set {1, 2, (2020) The students are asked to answer the following
(2, 1), (1, 1)} is 3} given by R {(1, 2), questions about the above relations:
(a) symmetric and transitive, but not reflexive (i) ldentify the relation which is reflexive.
(b) reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive but not symmetric
(c) symmetric, but neither reflexive transitive
(d) an equivalence relation nor transitive (ii) ldentify the relation which is reflexive and
(2020) An symmetric but not transitive.
 5
Relations and Functions

(iii) (a) ldentify the relations which are symmetric LA II (5 marks)

but neither reflexive nor transitive. 23. Arelation Ris def1ned on Nx N (where Nis the set of
OR
natural numbers) as:
(ii) (b) What pairs should be added to (a, b) R (c, d) >a -c=b -d
Show that R is an equivalence relation. (2024)(An
the relation R, to make it an equivalence (2025) An the set of
relation? 24. Arelation Ris defined on Nx N (where N is
a
17. Case Study:(a) Students of a school are taken to a natural numbers) as (a, b) R (c, d) *=. Show that
railway museum to learn about railways heritage and
its history. R is an equivalence relation. (2024)

relation S in the set of real

25. Check whether the
numbers R defined by S = {(a, b)
: where a-b+ v2
reflexive, symmetric or
is an irrational number} is
transitive.
(2024) Ap
26. Show that the relation
S in set R of real numbers
defined by
Anexhibit in the museum depicted many rail lines on S={(a, b) :asb3, ae R, be R}
nor transitive.
the track near the railway station. Let L be the set of is neither reflexive, nor symmetric,
(2023 C) Ap
all rail lines on the railway track and Rbe the relation
on Ldefined by R={(1;, Iz):I, is parallel to lz}. 27. Let R be the relation defined in
the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4,
On the basis of the above information, answer the are either odd or
following questions: 5, 6, 7} by R = {(a, b): both aand b
relation. Hence,
() Findwhether the relation R is symmetricor not. even). Show that R is an equivalence
find the elements of equivalence class [1].
(ii) Findwhether the relation R is transitive or not. (2023 C) Ap
(iii) If one of the rail lines on the railway track is
represented by theequation y = 3x +2, then find of real numbers Ras
28. A relation R is defined on aset
the set of all rail lines in R related to it. R= {x, y):xyis an irrational number}.symmetric and
OR Check whether R is reflexive,
transitive or not. (2023) Ap
(b) LetS be the relation defined by and
S={(U,,12):1,is perpendicular to l,} check whether 29. If N denotes the set of all natural numbers d), if
R (C,
is the relation on N x N defined by (a, b)
the relation S is symmetric and transitive. ad(b + c) = bcla + d). Show that R is an equivalence
(2024) relation. (2023)

30. Let A= fxe Z:0<x< 12}. Show that R={(a, b):a,be A,

la-b| is divisible by 4}, is an equivalence relation. Find
LA I (4 marks)
18. Showthat the relation R in the set A = {1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6} the set of all elements related to 1. Also write the
divisible by 2} is an equivalence class [2]. (2018)
given by R = {(a, b) : la - bl is
equivalence relation. (2020) An
1.3 Types of Functions
defined on the set
19. Check whether the relation R
A
={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}as MCQ
symmetric or
R = (la, b) : b = a + 1} is reflexive, (2019) 31. Assertion (A): Let f(x) = e and g(x) = log x. Then
transitive.
(f+ g)x =e+ log x where domain of (f +g) isR.
Z of all integers,
20. Show that the relation R on the set Reason (R): Dom(f +g) = Dom()oDomlg).
given by (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
relation.
R={(a, b):2divides (a - b)} is an equivalence Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the
(2019)
Assertion (A).
defined as
21. Show that the relation R on R (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but
but not
R ={(a, b) : a<b), is reflexive and transitive Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the
(NCERT, Delhi 2019)
symmetric. Assertion (A).
22. Show that the relation S in the set
A={xeZ:0<x<12} (c) Assertion (A) istrue, but Reason (R)isfalse.
given byS={(a, b) :a, b e Z, la - b< is divisible by 3} is (d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R)
an equivalence relation. (AI2019) Ap is true. (2025) An
 6 WtG CBSE Champion
Mathematics Class 1
32. Assertion (A) Let Z be the set of integers. A SAI (2 marks)
function f:Z’ Z defined as f(x) =3x - 5, VXeZis a
40. Prove that the
bijective. greatest integer function f: R n
given by fx) = x, is neither
Reason (R) : A function is a bijective if it is both one-one nor onto.
surjective and injective.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and 41. Afunction f:A’B defined (2023 C) An
as f(x) = 2x is both one-one
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the and onto. If A={1,2, 3, 4},then find the set B.
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but (2023) EV
SA II (3 marks)
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion (A). 42. Showthat the function f:N ’N, where N is a set
of
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. natural numbers, given by
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) f(n)= n-1, if n is even
is true. n+1, ifn is odd is abijection.
(2025) An (2025) An
33. Letf: R, ’ [-5, oo) be defined as f(x) = 9x2 + 6X - 5, CBO (4 marks)
where R, is the set of all non-negative real numbers. 43. Case Study : A school is organizing a debate
Then, fis: competition with participants as speakers S {S,, S,.
(a) one-one (b) onto Sa, Sa} and these are judged by judges J = {J,, Jz, Ja).
(c) bijective Each speaker can be assigned one judge. Let R be a
(d) neither one-one nor onto (2024) An relation from set Sto J defined as R={(x, y):speakerx
is judged by judgey,xe S, ye J}.
34. Afunctionf: R’Rdefined as fx) =x²-4x+ 5 is :
(a) injective but not surjective
(b) surjective but not injective
(c) both injective and surjective
(d) neither injective nor surjective (2024)
35. The functionf:R’Rdefined byf(x) =4+3 cosx is
(a) bijective
(b) one-one but not onto Based onthe above, answer the following :
(c) onto but not one-one (i) How many relations can be there from S to J?
(ii) Astudent identifies a function from S to J as
(d) neither one-one nor onto (Terml, 2021-22) An f (S,. J), (S, J). (S3, Jz). (Sa, J)} Check if it is
36. The number of functions defined from bijective.
{1,2,3, 4, 5}-’ {a, b} which are one-one is (ii)(a) How many one-one functions can be there
from set S to set J?
(a) 5 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) o (Term I, 2021-22)AP OR
(iii) (b) Another student considersarelation
37. Let f:R’R be defined byf(x) =1/%, for all xe R, Then, R, = (S1. S,). {Sz, Sa)} in set S. Write
fis minimum ordered pairs to be
(a) one-one (b) onto included in RË so that R, is reflexive (2025) An
(c) bijective (d) not defhned but not symmetric.
(Term I, 2021-22)
44. Case Study : An organization conducted bike race
38. The functionf: N’N is defined by under two different categories Boys and girls.
n+1 There were 28 participants in all. Among all of
,ifn is odd them, finally three from category 1 and two from
2 category 2 were selected for the final race. Ravi
fn) =
n
ifn is even forms tWO sets B and Gwith these participants for his
college project.
The function f is Let B=(b, b,, ba} and G=81, 82}, where Brepresents
the set of Boys selected and G the set of Girls selected
(a) bijective for the final race.
(b) one-one but not onto
(c) onto but not one-one
(d) neither one-one nor onto (Term I, 2021-22) Ev

VSA (1 mark)
39. If f= {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 1), (4, k)} is a one-one function
from set Ato A, where A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, then find the
value ofk. (2021 C)
Relations and Functions

Based on the above information, answer the 46. Show that the function f:(-oo, 0)-’(-1, 0) defined by
following questions. X
xE (-oo, 0) isone-one and onto. (202O) An
f(x)=
() How many relations are possible from B to G? 1+lxl'
(iü) Among all the possible relations from B to G.
howmany functions can be formed from Bto G? LA II (5 marks)
2x
(ii) Let R: B’ Bbe defined by R={(x. y):x and y 47. Show that a function f: R->Rdefined by f(x)= -1+y2
are students of the same sex}. Check if R is an
set A so that
equivalence relation. is neither one-one nor onto. Further, find
an onto function.
OR the givenfunction f:R’A becomes

(ii) Afunctionf:B-’Gbe definedbyf={(b,.8). (b,.82). (2024) Ap

(b3 8)). Check if f is bijective, justify your defined as fx)
answer. 48. Show that a function f: R ’R Also, find all
nor onto.
(2023) CFQ = X +X+ 1is neither one-one
the values of xfor which f(x) =3.
LA I (4 marks) (2024)
function f:
49. Let A=R-{5} and B=R-{1}. Consider the
45. Let f:R--R be a function defined as
A’B, defined by fx)=^. Showthat fis one-one
3J
4x X-5
f(x)= Showthat fis a one-one function. Also, and onto.
3x+4 (2024) Ap
check whether fis an onto function or not. (2023)

CBSE SAMPLE CQUESTIONS

Rbe a
1.2 Types of Relations 3 Let N be the set of all natural numbers and
relation on N×N defined by
MCQ (a, b) R(c, d) > ad = bc for all (a, b), (c, d) e NXN.
1. X={0, 2,4, 6, 8). Show that R is an equivalence relation on NxN.
Pisa relation on Xdefined by P = {(0, 2), (4, 2), (4, 6), Also, find the equivalence class of (2, 6), i.e. [(2, 6)].
(8, 6), (2, 4), (0, 4)}. (2023-24) U)
Assertion (A): The relation P on set X is a transitive
relation. 4. Given a non-empty set X, define the relation R on
Reason (R): The relation P has a subset of the form P(X) as:
{(a, b), (b, c), (a, c)}, where a, b, ce X. For A, Be P(X). A, B) ¬ R iff AcB. Prove that R is
reflexive, transitive,and not symmetric. (2022-23)
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation for (A). 5 Define the relation R in the set N x Nas follows:
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the For (a, b), (c, d) e NxN, (a, b) R(C, d) iff ad = bc. Prove
correct explanation for (A).
(c) (A) istrue but (R) is false. that R is an equivalence relation in Nx N. (2022-23)
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true. (2023-24) APQ (An
1.3 Types of Functions
LAI| (5 marks)
MCQ
2 The Earth has 24 time zones, defined by dividing the
Earth into 24 equal longitudinal segments. These are 6. Assertion (A): The function
the regions on Earth that have the same standard ,-1]o[1, o) defined by
time. For example, USA and India fall in different
time zones. but Sri Lanka and India are in the same fx) =secx is not one-one function in its domain.
time zone. Reason (R) : The line y = 2 meets the graph of the
A relation Ris defined on the set U = {All people on function at more than one point.
the Earth} such that R = {x, y)l the time difference (a) Both (A)and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
between the time zones x and y reside in is 6 hours]. explanation of (A).
(i) Check whether the relation R is reflexive, (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
symmetric and transitive. correct explanation of (A).
(ii) Is relation Ran equivalence relation? (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
Show your work. (2023-24) APQ U (d) (A) is false but (R) is true. (2024-25) An
 wtG CBSE Champion Mathematics Class 1)
8
{x, y, (i) Ravi wishes to form all the relations possiblo
7. Assertion (A):The relation f: {1, 2, 3, 4} ’
y), (3, z)} is a bijective from B to G. How many such relations are
Z, p} defined by f = {(1, x), (2,
function. possible?
Reason (R):The function f:{1, 2, 3} ’{x, y, z, p} such (i) Write the smallest equivalence relation on G.
that f= {(1, x), (2, y), (3,z)} is one-one. (iii) (a) Ravi defines a relation from B to B as
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct RË = {(b, b,), (b2, b,)). Write the minimum
explanation of (A). ordered pairs to be added in R, so that it
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the becomes (A) reflexive but not symmetric.
correct explanation of (A). (B) reflexive and symmetricbut not transitive.
(c) (A)is true but (R) is false. OR
(d) (A)is false but (R) is true. (2023-24) (iii) (b) If the track of the final race (for the biker b,)
follows the curve x² = 4y; (where 0<x< 20/2
CBQ (4 marks) & 0s ys 200), then state whether the track
8. Case Study : An organization conducted bike race represents aone-one and onto function or not.
under 2 different categories-boys and girls. In all, (Justify). (2024-25)
there were 250 participants. Among all of them LA I (5 marks)
finally three fromCategory 1 and two from Category 1
2were selected for the final race. Ravi forms two 9. Afunctionf:R -{-1, 1}’ Ris defined by:
sets B and G with these participants for his college X R
f(x)=
project. x²-1 C
Let B={b, b,, b,}, G= 81,82} where Brepresents the (i) Check if fis one-one.
set of boys selected and Gthe set of girls who were (ii) Check if f is onto. S
selected for the final race. Show your work. in
Ravidecides to explore these sets for various types of (2023-24) APO U
relations and functions. 10. Show that the function
On the basis of the above f:R{xeR:-1<x<1
information, answer the defined by fx)=xeR
following questions. 1+xeR IS one-one and onto Tr
function.
(2023-24) U C
(y