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The state of Jammu came under Sikh control in 1770 and was fully conquered by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1808, with Gulab Singh rising to power and becoming the Raja of Jammu in 1822. He expanded his territory significantly, leading to the establishment of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1846 after mediating during the First Anglo-Sikh War. This state encompassed diverse regions and populations, including Buddhists in Ladakh, Muslims in Kashmir, and Hindus in Jammu, ultimately coming under British suzerainty after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

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14 views2 pages

Wiki Newrule

The state of Jammu came under Sikh control in 1770 and was fully conquered by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1808, with Gulab Singh rising to power and becoming the Raja of Jammu in 1822. He expanded his territory significantly, leading to the establishment of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1846 after mediating during the First Anglo-Sikh War. This state encompassed diverse regions and populations, including Buddhists in Ladakh, Muslims in Kashmir, and Hindus in Jammu, ultimately coming under British suzerainty after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

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derkuzesta
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The state of Jammu, which had been on the ascendant after the decline of the Mughal

Empire, came under the sway of the Sikhs in 1770. Further in 1808, it was fully conquered by
Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Gulab Singh, then a youngster in the House of Jammu, enrolled in the
Sikh troops and, by distinguishing himself in campaigns, gradually rose in power and
influence. In 1822, he was anointed as the Raja of Jammu.[31] Along with his able general
Zorawar Singh Kahluria, he conquered and subdued Rajouri (1821), Kishtwar (1821), Suru
valley and Kargil (1835), Ladakh (1834–1840), and Baltistan (1840), thereby surrounding the
Kashmir Valley. He became a wealthy and influential noble in the Sikh court.[32]

Kashmir dispute

Princely state

Main article: Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)

Gulab Singh, The first Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, which was founded in 1846.

1909 Map of the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu. The names of regions, important
cities, rivers, and mountains are underlined in red.

In 1845, the First Anglo-Sikh War broke out. According to The Imperial Gazetteer of India:

Gulab Singh contrived to hold himself aloof till the battle of Sobraon (1846), when he
appeared as a useful mediator and the trusted advisor of Sir Henry Lawrence. Two treaties
were concluded. By the first the State of Lahore (i.e. West Punjab) handed over to the
British, as equivalent for one crore indemnity, the hill countries between the rivers Beas and
Indus; by the second the British made over to Gulab Singh for 75 lakhs all the hilly or
mountainous country situated to the east of the Indus and the west of the Ravi i.e. the Vale
of Kashmir.[25]

Drafted by a treaty and a bill of sale, and constituted between 1820 and 1858, the Princely
State of Kashmir and Jammu (as it was first called) combined disparate regions, religions,
and ethnicities:[33] to the east, Ladakh was ethnically and culturally Tibetan and its
inhabitants practised Buddhism; to the south, Jammu had a mixed population of Hindus,
Muslims and Sikhs. In the heavily populated central Kashmir valley, the population was
overwhelmingly Muslim—mostly Sunni, however, there was also a small but influential Hindu
minority, the brahmin Kashmiri Pandits. To the northeast, sparsely populated Baltistan had
a population ethnically related to that of Ladakh, but which practised Shia Islam. To the
north, also sparsely populated, Gilgit Agency was an area of diverse, mostly Shia groups,
and, to the west, Punch was populated mostly by Muslims of a different ethnicity than that
of the Kashmir valley.[33] After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, in which Kashmir sided with the
British, and the subsequent assumption of direct rule by Great Britain, the princely state of
Kashmir came under the suzerainty of the British Crown.

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